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英语句子基本成分
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有“．？ ！”
I am a teacher.               Are you a student?             How beautiful the girl is !
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：
主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、                  状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。
1）主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.                 Reading is useful.             To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
句子成分练习题( 一 )
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2) 谓语：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成．
They are teachers.              She looks well.
He studies hard.                He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't         B. like                C. picture       D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get           B. longer            C. days   D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do         B. usually            C.go        D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be     B. meeting          C. the library  D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did        B. twins              C. have   D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom     B. didn't             C. do      D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want     B. to tell             C. you     D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We      B. had                C. send   D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is       B. interested       C. in         D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give     B.did                  C. whom D. book
3) 表语：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.                                  She is happy.
Everybody is here.                              They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.                        Seeing is believing.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4) 宾语: 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.                              He often helps me.
I like watching TV.                               She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
I think that he is good guy.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas"  really is.
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
5) 宾语补足语： 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当．
If you let me go, I’ll make you king.                      Leave the door open.
We found John out when we arrived.                     Make yourself at home.
I saw him enter the hall.                               The boss keeps them working all day.
I heard my name called.
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6) 状语： 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.                       Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.                    He is writing with a pen.
(六) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
7) 定语： 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语．
 The black bike is mine.
 What’s your name?                    A broken vase.
 I have 5 books.                        A sleeping boy.
 They made paper flowers.               The boy in the room is Jack.
 I have something to do.                 It is a swimming pool.
(七) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use  Mr, Mrs with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
Exercise
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .
3. That was how they were defeated.
4.The nursery takes good care of our children .
5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .
6.We are sure that we shall succeed .
7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .
8.There are many film that I’d like to see.
9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?
10.I have a lot of work to do .
11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .
12.I said it in fun .
13.We can send a car over to fetch you .
14.She had to work standing up .
15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .
16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .
17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .
18.We should serve the people heart and soul.
19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .
20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .
21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .
22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .
23.It was in the library that I come today .
24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .
25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.