更多精彩；英语教师网 英语教师网论坛 http://bbs.ewteacher.com 课间团购网 

Unit 3 Travel journal 文化探究
Read the following passage about English surnames and answer the questions after it.
English Surnames
　　English surnames（姓）have an interesting history. In early times, people had just one name and they were given at birth. It might have been John or Amy, for example. One name was enough. If someone said Amy or John, everyone knew who it was because there would be only one Amy or one John in a small village. But as time went on, small villages became big villages. Then there might be five or six Johns and five or six Amys living in the same village. How could people know which John or which Amy was meant then?
　　One way of solving the problem was to add the name of the work the person did. For example, the man who was a cook（厨师）might be called John the Cook. The man who weaved clothes might be called John the Weaver. In this way, surnames came into being. At that time, surnames were given to a man's children. So John Weaver's children would, perhaps, be called Hilda Weaver and Charles Weaver. And until today we still use surnames in this way.
　　Another way of telling one person from another with the same name was to add the place where they lived. So if two men in the same village, both called Tom, might be known as Tom by the Wood and Tom in the Field. This would give rise（产生）to such surnames as Wood, Field, Street, Tree, Pond, Lake, Forest, etc.
　　The origin（起源）of many surnames is easy to find. But there are also some surnames for which we do not know their origin. Only scholars（学者）who have studied the history of words can tell the origin of them, but they may not always be right either.
　　1．In early times, why did English people have only one name?
　　答案：At that time. Britian has a very small population. When a person was born, he was given a name.
　　2．How many ways are mentioned in this passage to solve the name problem? And what are they?
　　答案：Two.
　　One way of solving the problem was to add the name of the work the person did.
　　Another way of telling one person from another with the name was to add the place where they lived.
　　3．Are all the origins of surnames easy to find? And why?
　　答案：Not all the origins of surnames are easy ro find. Only scholars who have studied the history of words can tell some of them. Maybe there are other ways to solve the name problems which scholars still do not know.
　　4．What does the phrase" came into being" in the second paragraph mean?
　　答案：It means "form" or it means“形成，出现”in Chinese.
Americans And Their Pets
　　Americans love pets. And it's not just puppy-love（不成熟的爱）。Many pet owners treat their furry friends as part of the family. Sometimes they spice（使增添趣味）up their pets' lives with entertaining videos and amusing toys. If they have an eye for fashion, pet owners can dress their pets in styl ish clothes. For special occasions, they can use canine perfume（狗专用的香水）to make their dogs smell well, less beastly. You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children—sometimes even better.
　　In America, there are more households with pets than those with children. At least 43 percent of U. S. homes have pets of some sort. Exotic（外国产的）creatures, such as monkeys, snakes and even wolves, find a home with some Americans. More common pets include tropical fish, mice and birds. But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs. Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets. "Dog people" and "cat people" often enjoy friendly rivalries（争辩）。
　　Leading a dog's life in America isn't such a hard thing. Many grocery stores sell pet foods to owners eager to please their pets. In Houston, Texas, dogs can have their dinner delivered to their homes, just like pizza. Well to-do dogs can attend doggy daycare centers while their owners work. Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation. Fancy（豪华的）hotels are beginning to accommodate（接纳……住宿）both man and beast. Furry guests at Four Seasons Hotel can enjoy gourmet（美食）meals served on fine china（精致瓷器） and sleep in soft beds.
　　Beneath the luxuries（奢华）, there lies a basic American belief: Pets have a right to be treated well. At least 75 animal welfare（福利）organizations exist in America. These provide care and adoption（领养）services for homeless and abused（受虐待的）animals. Veterinalians（兽医）can give animals very good health care—for a high price. To pay for the high—tech health care, people can buy health insurance for their pets. And when it's time to say good-bye, owners can bury their pets in a respectable pet cemetery（墓地）.
　　The average American enjoys having pets around, and for good reason. Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person's blood pressure. Dogs can offer protection from burglars（窃贼）and unwelcome visitors. Cats can help rid the home of unwanted pet. Little creature of all shapes and size can provide companionship and love. Pets even encourage social relationships: They give their owners an appearance of friendliness, and they provide a good topic of conversation.
　　Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie. To Americans, pets are not just property, but a part of the family.
　　1．What does "lead a dog's life" originally（原来）mean?
　　　　A. Lead a rich life.　　　　　　　　　 B. Live a poor life.
　　　　C. Lead a free life.　　　　　　　　　 D. Live a comfortable life.
　　解析：根据常识可知这个词组的原意。
　　答案：B
　　2．Which of the following sentence is not right?
　　　　A. All animals are well treated in America.
　　　　B. Pets can live in the hotel in America.
　　　　C. Pets may have health insurance.
　　　　D. Pets are treated as part of the family.
　　解析：根据全文可知“狗被看作家庭的一份子”“能往宾馆”“能入健康保险”，只有A不对。
　　答案：A
　　Decide True or False.
　　3．Pets are dressed better than people in America.
　　答案：F
　　4．There are a lot of businesses on pets in America.
　　答案：T
　　5．America has its special pet culture.
　　答案：T
　　6．Pet wolves are very dangerous to the owners and strangers.
　　答案：F
　　7．Some dogs may use their owners' perfumer（香水）.
　　答案：F
　　8．When a pet dies, it may be buried at a special place.
　　答案：T