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1.直接引语　直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语，直接引语通常置于引号内（“引用原话”）。 
 —“What is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢？”
—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”
—“没有什么，大惊小怪而已。”
 
2.间接引语　用自己的话转述别人的意思，或引用自己说过的话，
都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。 
 Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。 
 He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他说那时他忙得不可开交。
 
3.直接引语和间接引语的转换
1) 转述陈述句或感叹句去标点符号和引号，用say that接宾语从句，said后，从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。 
 She said, “I am going to the market.”
She said (that) she was going to the market.
 
 “What an interesting novel!”she said.
She said that it was such an interesting novel.
 
2) 转述一般或反意疑问句去标点符号和引号。用if/whether接宾语从句，改用陈述句语序。从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。 
 He asked,“You are a native, aren't you?”
He asked (me) it/whether I was a native.
 
3) 转述选择疑问句，去标点符号和引号，接whether...or引导的宾语从句，改用陈述句语序，从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。 
 He said,“Is this car Mr. Green's or Mr. Brown's?”
He asked (me) whether that car was Mr. Green's or Mr. Brown's.
 
4) 转述特殊疑问句，去标点符号和引号，由原疑问词引导宾语从句，改用陈述句语序，从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。 
 She said,“Where are you going?”
She asked (me) where I was going.
 
5) 转述祈使句或疑问形式的祈使句，通常改为“ask (want, beg, tell, order）＋宾语＋动词不定式”的简单句。表示建议，可用“offer＋to do”，“suggest＋doing”或“suggest that-clause”表达。 
 He said,“Please turn on the light.”
He asked me to turn on the light.
 
 She said,“Don't make any noise, Tom.” She told Tom not to make any noise.
 
 She said,“Would you mind passing me the book?”
She wanted me to pass her the book.
 
 She said,“Why not have a trip?”
She suggested me having a trip.
 
6) 转述肯定、否定并列的两个祈使句时，一般要用“not...but”并列连词
 The teacher said,“Don't look out of the window, look at your textbooks.”
The teacher told his students not to look out of the window but look at their textbooks.
 
4.直接引语转换成间接引语不仅有人称、时态的变化，有时还要把物主代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语作相应的变化。变化列表如下
变化项目 直接引语 间接引语
1.动词时态 (1) 引语前或后的主句谓语动词是过去时态 (1) 宾语从句的谓语动词作以下调整：
 1) 一般现在时调整为一般过去时
 2) 一般过去时调整为过去完成时
 3) 一般将来时调整为过去将来时
 4) 现在进行时调整为过去进行时
 5) 现在完成时调整为过去完成时
 (2) 引语前或后的主句谓语动词是一般现在时态或一般将来时态 (2) 宾语从句的谓语动词的时态不必调整
 (3) 引语前或后的主句谓语动词是一般过去时态 (3) 从句中
 1) 动词表示客观真理仍用一般现在时态，不必调整为过去时态
 2) 动词过去进行时态或过去完成时态保留，不必调整。
 3) 有具体的过去时间状语，谓语动词用一般过去时态，不必调整为过去完成时态
2．人称/物主/反身等代词 引号内的(1) 第一人称
        (2) 第二人称
        (3) 第三人称 (1) 改为与主句的主语相同的人称
(2) 改为第一人称
(3) 不变
3.指示代词 this/these 改为that/those
4.时间状语 now, today, tomorrow, ago 分别改为then, that day, the next day, before
5.地点状语 here 改为there
6.动词 come 改为go
 say to sb. 改为ask(want, beg, tell, order) sb.
    suggest one's doing
    suggest that