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导学案4 （Unit 5,Book 10）
重点单点：独立主格结构的形式和句法功能
从一道高考题谈谈独立主格结构的用法
请看一道高考题：
（2005湖南卷34题）I send you 100 dollars，the rest——in a year。
A． follow。B。followed。 C to follow。D。being followed。
答案是C该题考察独立主格结构的用。
（一）： 独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
（三）独立主格结构的作用：
1） 做时间状语。例如：
    The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。
2）作条件状语。例如：
    Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.=If weather permits，we are going to visit you tomorrow。如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
3） 作原因状语。例如：
     His money lost ，he had to go home on foot。 =Because his money was lost ，he had to go home on foot。由于它的钱丢了，他不得不步行回家。
4）作伴随状语。例如：
     He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
（四）与其他结构的比较。
    With+宾语+宾语补足语 用法与独立主各结构基本相同可以理解为with +独立主各结构也即是with+宾语+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语.  
典型例题：The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
          A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. Tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.
（五） 注意：独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
1）当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词如： He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.典型例题： Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permitsD for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

巩固练习：
1． The problem_____，they all went home happily。
A．settling B。to be settled C。settled D to settle。
2．A lot of work _____，he had no time to talk with us。
A． done B to do C doing D to be doing
3．Everyone______their seats，the meeting began。
A taken B taking C having taken D to take
4．_______，Mother had to stay at home and looked after him。
A． Being ill B He was ill C Tom being ill D To be ill
5．_________，there is no school。
A It is Sunday B It was Sunday C It will be Sunday D It being Sunday
6．_________，all the students ran out of the classroom。
A Class was over B Class is over C Class over D When class over
7．_______，everything has changed。
A． Time goes on B Time going on C As time going on D With time went on
8．He was lying on the grass ，his hands________under his head。
A crossing B crossed C was crossing D were crossed
9．The storm _______their house，they had to live in a cave。
A destroyed B destroying C having destroyed D being destroyed
10．He entered the room，_________.
A his nose was red with cold B and his nose red with cold
C his nose red with cold D his nose been red with cold
11．Here are the first two ，the third one________next month。
A to come out B coming out C will come out D having come out
12．All things ________，I think we ought to give the job to Mike。
A considering B considered B having considered D Are considered
学后反思：___________________________________________________________
巩固练习答案；1——5CBCCD 6——10CBBCC 11——12AB