Module 3  Grammar
Made by Ma Weiwei    Checked by Senior Two     2010/5/24
班级__________ 姓名_______________  组别______________
[课标要求]
1).Master the grammar to use it freely.
2). Finish some related exercises;
I. 定语
一，概念:  修饰名词或代词（不定代词或疑问代词）等的词、短语或者从句称为定语。
可以用作定语的有:名词或名词的所有格、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动词一ing形式、过去分词、介词短语和从句。如：
His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 他在英语方面的快速进步令我们很吃惊。
He walks with the help of a walking stick. 他在手杖的帮助下行走。
二，分类:   定语可分为前置定语和后置定语，做前置定语的多为单个的词或复合词；作后置定语的多为词组或者从句。如：
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
Who is the man shaking hand with our teacher?
特别提示：单个形容词作定语修饰something, anything, nothing等以-thing为词尾的词时也常后置。如：There is something wrong with my watch.
三，名词作定语
(1)名词作定语可以表示时间、地点、原材料、整体与部分的关系、用途、性质、内容等；表示所属关系时，用名词所有格。  如：bicycle shop自行车店  school education学校教育      paper money纸币 Shelley’s poems雪莱的诗 
(2)名词作定语，一般用单数。但也有例外：
①man，woman作定语时，其单复数随着中心词的变化而变化。
a man engineer一位男工程师 two men engineers两位男工程师
②少数名词习惯只用复数形式作定语。 sports shoes运动鞋 parents meeting家长会
四，多个形容词作定语时的顺序
当几个形容词作同时出现在名词短语之前定语时，形容词需要遵循一定的排序规则：限观形龄色国材用。指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观性质（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：
A beautiful small brown Chinese wooden writing table 一张漂亮的棕色中式木质小书桌
翻译：她们都是漂亮的高挑的18岁法国女孩。
__________________________________________________________________
五．非谓语动词作定语
(1)不定式作定语:The man to come to our assistance is Mike．来帮助我们的人是迈克。
总结：不定式作定语时间上表示是_______的动作，而且不定式在位置上要________。
(2)动词一ing短语作定语:
There is a swimming pool in their college.他们学校有个游泳池。
The man disturbing the other workers is called James Smith．打扰其他工人的那个人叫詹姆斯-史密斯。
(3)过去分词作定语: The man disturbed by the other workers is called James Smith．
受到其他工人打扰的那个人叫詹姆斯•史密斯。
总结：现在分词作定语时表示________、__________的动作;过去分词(短语)作定语表示的是__________、___________的动作。
II. 定语从句
一， 定义及相关术语：
在主从复合句中，作定语修饰句中某个名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。
定语从句又称为形容词性从句。定语从句有限制性和非限制性之分。
先行词：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或一个代词，那么被修饰的名词(词组)或代词就是先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词的作用有三个：
① 引导定语从句；② 代替先行词；③ 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有：________, ________，_________,__________,_________等。
关系副词有：__________, __________, ____________等。
二，关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1).who, whom, that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语或宾语。
The boys __________are playing football are from Class One.
正在踢足球的男孩子们来自一班。
Mr. Liu is the person _____________you talked about on the bus.
刘先生就是你在车上谈到的那个人。
2).whose通常指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作_________, 表示所属关系。若指物时，常可用of which或of whom结构来代替whose.如：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired
= The classroom __________________is broken will soon be repaired.
那个门破了的教室不久就会修好。
3).which, that代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主要或宾语等。
Basketball is a game _________is liked by most boys.
 The letter ______________ I received yesterday is from my brother.
三. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词代替的先行词是表示时间，地点，或原因的名词，在从句中做状语。
1).when, why, where的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常用 “介词+which”交替使用。 如： The school where /____________ he once studied is very famous.
I never forgot the day when/__________ I joined the party.我永远也忘记不了我入党的那一天。
六、定语从句的考试“热点 ”
1.判断从句中是用关系代词还是关系副词的方法
1).用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。如：
I will never forget the days when I worked together with you.
This is the book which you wanted.
2).准确判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分，也能正确选择出关系代词还是关系副词。先行词在从句中做主语，定语，宾语时，选择____________; 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择_____________。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
2. 关系代词指物时用that而不用which的几种情况：
看例子总结出规则：“不the最两序”指的是什么？
① Tell me everything that you know.把你知道的一切都告诉我吧。
② This is the only English-Chinese dictionary that I have.
③ This is the most beautiful city that I have visited.
④ Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？
⑤ The first place that they visited in London is the Big Ben.

 [巩固练习]
 1．Some _____students in our class hope to be _____doctors in the future．
  A．girls；woman’s    B．girl；women  C．girl；woman D．girls’；women’s
2.Yesterday she asked me if there was ____to read，but I happened to lend it to someone else．
    A．easy enough something      B. enough easy something
    C．something enough easy     D．something easy enough
3. This _______ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish    B. Spanish little pretty  
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
4. (2008湖南) The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down      B. blown down     C. blowing down   D. to blow down
5. Peter received a letter just now_______ his grandma would come to see him soon.
A. said         B. says           C. saying       D. to say
6. She is the only one among the _______ writers who_____ stories for children.
A. woman; writes         B. women; write      C. women; writes   D. woman; write
7．I, _____your good friend，will try my best to help you out．
A．who is    B．who am   C．which is    D. which am
8.(2007北京) We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of______ are heathly.
A. that          B. which       C. that           D. whom
9. The fellow_ ________aunt is a famous singer is fond of music．
    A．who    B．whom      C．whose     D. that
10. We visited the Summer Palace, ___________is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing．
A．where    B．which    C．what      D. that
11. I have the same dictionary _______you bought just now．
    A．which  B．that    C．as D．it
12．_____is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month．
 A．It    B．As   C．That D．What
13. The Science Building is very beautiful，behind_ ____here is a large garden．
    A. which    B. what      C．whom D．that
14. Both of them will remember the months and the years _____they spent in the army．
    A．which    B．when      C．in which     D. that
15. This is the second workplace __I used to work at, many workers of __still have a good relationship with me．
  A．that；which    B．where；which   C．where；whom D．that；whom
16.Can you see a man and his horse _____are crossing the bridge?
A. which        B. who     C. that     D. they
17. A. Last summer he went to Bei Jing , ______ he had visited twice.
   B. Last summer he went to Bei Jing,____ he visited a lot of places of interest.
A. which      B. where        C. that     D. where
18. The reason______ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way.
The reason ____he was late was that his car broke down on the way.
A. why       B. which         C. how     D. that

批改等级____________________    批改日期_________________________-

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