更多精彩资源,请点击英语教师网

 

 

 

 

现在完成时专讲专练

A.现在完成时小结：

一、现在完成时用法及结构:　　
　　现在完成时表示______________________________________,也可表示___________________________________。

构成: ___________+ _____________ +_____________+_____________。

(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)

　　否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't +过去分词+其他。
　　疑问式: Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其他?
　　简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)
　　　　　　　No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)
二、标志　　
　　现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

1） 以already, just和yet为标志
　　already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。

He has already got her help.　他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.　他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.　他还没有回来。

2）以ever和never为标志　
　　ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。

This is the best film I have ever seen.　这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.　他从没有到过北京。

3）以动作发生的次数为标志
　　若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。

He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。

4）以so far为标志
　　so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。

He has got to Beijing so far.　到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the exam so far.　到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

 

三、表示延续性
　　过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

1） 延续性动词和瞬间动词　　

英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:

“The play” has been on for half an hour.　《猫》已经开演半个小时了。
How long have you had this dictionary?　这本字典你买了多久了?

2） 时间“点”、时间“段”须分清

　　过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:

He has been away for two years.　他已走了两年。(for+_____________)
He has been an English teacher since 1992.　自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。
(since+_______________)

常用时间段： a day, two months, three years, a long time, two seconds, half an hour, several days 等等；

常用时间点：2004,last month, Monday, 3 o'clock, two years ago等等，表示具体过去的某一时间，如具体的年、月、日期、星期几、钟点、...前等。

四、其他

1）动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式。

be--been  go--gone  come--come  run--run  swim--swum  fly--flown  see--seen speak--spoken do--done give--given hide--hidden

become--become take--taken get--gotten / got break--broken

shake--shaken wake--waken awake--awaken rise--risen lay--lain

fall--fallen begin--begun know--known forget--forgotten write--written choose--chosen drink--drunk eat--eaten bite--bitten show--shown
 
I have already drunk the coffee.
我已经喝过咖啡了。
2） 当have/ has被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。've/ 's

I've been to New York once before.
我曾经到过纽约。
3）现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写，但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写。
She hasn't spoken to him.
她还没和他说过话。

提问的时候，have需要被提到句首。

Have you seen Matthew?
你见过马休了么？

 

 

五、区分现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
一、现在完成时一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用；一般过去时常常与过去的某个具体时间搭配使用。
如：I went home at 10:00 yesterday.
         I have got home now.
二、现在完成时--ever和never
　　ever和never常用于现在完成时，放在过去分词前面；表示“经历”。ever表示“曾经”，never表示“从不”；not ever=never。ever多用于疑问句，never一般用于否定句；
例句：Have you ever been to Japan?（你去过日本吗？）I have never been to Japan.（我从未去过日本。）

 

 

我们来练练吧！

填空：

A. 用 already或  yet

1)   Have they taken down the old pictures ______?     

     No, not ___________.

2)   Most of us have finished our compositions _________

3)   He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.

B.用 since或  for

1)   We have learned five lessons ______ the beginning og this term.

2)   Mrs Liao has been in hospital ______last week.

3)   I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.

C. 用have/has gone或 have/has been

1)   Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.

2)  -- Is your father in ?  

    -- No, he ____ to Shenzhen.  

 --______he ever ______ there before ?  

--Yes, he ___ there several times.

 

选择题1：

1. – Where is Mr. Liu?  -----  He _______the library.

  A. has been to    B. has gone to    C. has been in

2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?

A. so they      B. don’t they   C. haven’t they

3. I like Hainan. I ________there for three times. 

A. went  B.  have been  C . have gone

4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.

A. have been to    B. have been in   C. have been    D. have gone 

5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary?  - About two months.

A. did; buy  B. have; get     C. have; had     D. have; bought

6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.

A. has been      B. has been in   C. has been to   D. has gone to  

 7._____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _____ to China?

 A. How soon ,  comes    B. How often, got  

C. How long ,  came      D. How far, arrived

8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here   B. has started to work

C. has lived there  D. has left the university

 

10. They have been here since  2000 .  (对划线部分提问)

  __________ have they been here?

11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)

12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变)

   This factory _________ for twenty years.

13. Miss Gao left an hour ago.  （同上）

   Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.

14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）

    _________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.

 15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）

     _____________________________________________.

 

选择题2

1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.

A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in

2. We have been friends since ______.

A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before

3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.

A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed

4. You ______ that question three times.

A. already asked B. have already asked

C. already have asked D. asked already

5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.

A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago

6. I _____ at this school for two years.

A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied

7. They _________ in the city since last summer.

A. live B. didn't live C. have lived D. live

8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.

A. since B. from C. after D. in

9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.

A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to

10. His father _______ for years.

A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies

11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.

A. won't go, saw B. won't go, will see

C. won't go, has seen D. didn't go, sees

12.---- Would you like some more food

----Thank you. I _______ enough.

A. will have B. have had C. have D. had

13. ______ you ______ England？ Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.

A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is

C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is

14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing

----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.

A. Have, been, haven't, am going B. Had, been, hadn't, am going

C. Have, gone, haven't, was going D. Did,go, didn't, was going

15. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true?

---Yes , she ___ there for two months.

A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone

C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been

16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago

A. have bought B. buy C. has buy D. has bought

17. -Where is Li Lei? -He ___ Shanghai.

A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to

18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.

A.. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing

19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.

A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to

20. --- Is your father a Party member?

--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years.

A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been

C. was joined; is D. joined; was

21. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it ?----Just five weeks.

A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had

22. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.

A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept

23. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time

----Yes. She joined it five years ago.

A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined

24. ---How long have you _______ from the USA ----For three months.

A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back

25. I _____ this book for half a year.

A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had

26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year.

A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away

27. --- ______ you______ your homework yet ?---Yes, I _____ it just now.

A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished

C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish

28. The sand storm weather ______ in Beijing several times this year.

A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened

29. ---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.

A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since

30. He ____ a cold for three days.

A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught

31. Jim Green ____ in China for two years.

A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came

32. The film ____ for half an hour.

A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn't begun D. began

33.—Where have you _______ these days

—I have to Beijing with my friends.

A. been;gone B. been;been C. gone;been D. gone;gone

34.How long have you _______ this book

A. bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent

 

B. 反义疑问句专练

反意疑问句专练 　

巩固练习：根据句意，完成疑问部分。

1.Those are boats in the river,_______  _________　?

2.The student is never late for class, _______  _______?

3.You didn’t go to school, __________ __________?

4.There are few students in the classroom, _______ _________?　

5.Everyone is here, _______________　 _________?

6.I think Lucy is a good girl, ________ __________?　

7.His father was a teacher 10 years ago,  ________ ________?

8.Turn off the radio, ________　 ____________?　

9.Don’t open the door,___________　____________?

10.The little boy has little money with him, ________ ______?

11.Smith has never been to Beijing, ________ _______?　

12.Let’s go for a walk, ________ ___________?

13.The man is unhappy, ________ ____________?　

14.You’d better do your homework on time, ________ __________?

15.There were a lot of people in the supermarket last Sunday,　 ________ ___________?

16.The naughty boy never listens to the teachers carefully in class , ________ ________?　

17.Everything is ready, ________ __________?　　

18.He gave you a beautiful toy, _____　 ________?

19.The foreigner can speak Chinese, ____ ______?

20.It was very windy yesterday , ________　 ____?