only用法不“only”
(2009-04-27 09:12:11)
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高考教育 |
Only可用作副词和形容词,意为“仅;只;惟一的”,其主要用法如下:
1. Only修饰名词或代词时,通常放在它所修饰的词之前。例如:
Tom is the only student able to answer the question.
汤姆是惟一能回答这个问题的学生。(only作形容词,修饰名词student)
Only she understands me. 只有她了解我。(only,修饰代词she)
2. Only 修饰谓语动词时,通常放在谓语动词之前;如果谓语含有 be
动词、助动词或情态动词,则放在这类词之后。例如:
They only live just round the corner.
他们就住在附近。(only修饰谓语动词live)
She can only guess what happened.
她只能猜测发生了什么事。(can是情态动词,故only放在can之后)
3. Only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,通常与其修饰的成分一起放在句子的末尾。例如:
I knew it only yesterday. 我昨天才知道这件事。 (only修饰yesterday)
You can learn from your mistakes only in this
way.只有用这种方式你才能从你的错误中吸取教训。(only修饰介词短语in this way)
He was able to get happily back to work only when the war was
over in 1918.直到一九一八年战争结束时,他才能够愉快地回到工作岗位上。(only修饰when引起的状语从句)
4. 注意only与倒装句的用法。由第3项可知,only
修饰状语(如修饰副词、介词短语)或状语从句时,通常放在句子的末尾。但有时为了加强状语的语气,也可将 only
及其修饰的状语提前放在句首,这时,句子要用部分倒装语序,即将be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。因此上面第3项的句子也可改为如下结构,而意义不变:
Only yesterday did I know it.
Only in this way can you learn from your mistakes.
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily
back to work.(注意只倒装主句,状语从句不倒装。)
但only修饰主语时,仍使用正常语序。例如:
Only six people were hurt in the accident; the rest were
uninjured.事故中仅有六人受伤,其余皆无恙。(Only修饰主语six people。)
5. Only 修饰 few 或 little 时,通常要与 a 连用。例如:
Only a few children have read this book. 只有几个孩子看过这本书。
6. Only 修饰定语从句的先行词时,定语从句的引导词通常用that指事物,而不用 which;另外,only 修饰“one
of/among + 复数名词”这一结构时,定语从句的谓语用单数。例如:
He is the only one of the children who has learned English.
他是那些孩子中惟一学过英语的人。(不用have)
Hangzhou is the only city that attracts
him.杭州是唯一吸引他的城市。(不用which)
7. if only 为连词,意思是“如果……就好了;但愿……”,通常与表示假设的动词连用,常省略主句。因为if
only常表示一种不能实现的愿望或与事实相反的情况,故句中的谓语动词常用过去式,即指现在情况,用一般过去式;指过去情况,用过去完成式;指将来情况,用过去将来式。例如:
If only I had met her earlier.如果早点遇见她该多好啊!
8. not only ... but (also) ...
的意思是“不仅……而且……”,通常用来连接两个等同的成分。连接两个句子并置于句首时,其前面的分句要使用部分倒装语序,但连接两个主语时除外。例如:
Not only you but also she has to take part in the labor.
不只是你,她也必须参加劳动。(not only ... but also
...连接两个主语,故不倒装;谓语动词的数按就近一致的原则,来确定。)
Not only did he read the book, but he also remembered what he
read.他不仅读过这本书,而且还记得书的内容。(连接两个分句,故倒装。)
9. Only doing sth.与 only to do sth.都可作结果状语,区别是:only to do
sth.表示主语难以预想的结果或结果出乎主语的意料之外,或结果与主语的愿望相反;only doing
sth.表示谓语动词的动作引起的结果。例如:
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at
home. 我到商店却发现钱全部落在家里了。
He dropped the plate on the floor, only breaking it into
pieces.他失手把盘子掉到地板上,结果把盘子摔成了碎片。
Tom hurried home only to find he lost the key to the door.
汤姆匆匆赶回家,结果发现自己遗失了钥匙了。(进不了门)
10. Only 修饰pleased, true, happy, too等形容词或副词时,表示“很;非常”之意。如:
That’s only too true, I am afraid. 我看这是千真万确的。
高考链接:
1. He is the only one of the students who________a winner of
scholarship for three years.(2002 上海春招)
A. is B. are
C. have been D. has been
简析:D。当定语从句的先行词为“one of + 复数名词”结构时,如果one的前面有the
only或the修饰,定语从句的谓语用单数形式;因本题的定语从句有“for three
years”,需使用完成时,故选D。
2.________ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for
entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
(2004上海)