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正反对比类议论文的写法

甘肃省临泽一中 连世华

议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事理，发表意见或是提出主张的一种文体，要求作者通过摆事实，讲道理，辩是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。正反对比类议论文是从正反两方面辨证的说明某个观点，本文主要说明这一类议论文的写法。

一、写作指导

1. 此类文章的结构一般为：引语—正方观点—反方观点—结论。

2. 要做到要点完整，条理清晰。各段之间层次清楚,以使文章显得有条理。从段落内部的层次上讲,每一段一般又分为三部分:主题句、扩展句和总结句。

3. 正确定位时态：常用一般现在时。

4. 套用常用词汇与结构：准确使用常用词汇与结构会是你的作文更地道。

二、常用词汇与结构

1 开头时可以用的表达方式：

We have a discussion about…       我们对……进行了一次讨论。

We’ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.

We have had a survey on…         我们对……开展了一次调查。

We’ve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.

2分别论证时用：

Opinions are divided on the question.  在这个问题上意见有分歧。

Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 有两种不同意见。

Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同看法。

Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise. 有60%的学生支持这个观点，然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。

Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to…, but forty percent of the students don’t think so. 60%的学生认为……是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。

On the one hand, … On the other hand, …  一方面……，另一方面……

3 在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：

What’s more, … 还有就是……

What’s more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improve our English.

Besides, … 除此之外……

Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, it’s far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.

4 在提出多个论据时，也可用First, …Second, … Third, …来列举论据。

5 进行相似的比较用in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

6 进行相反的比较时用on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、实战演练

典例精析：

   2002年全国高考题：最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况,并简述你的看法。

60%的同学认为：	40％的同学认为
1．不应收门票 2．公园是公众休闲的地方 3．如收票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象	1．应收门票，但票价不宜高 2．支付园林工人工资 3．购新花木

注意：1.词数：100左右。2．参考词汇：门票－entrance fee

解题思路：

1、仔细审题，确定文体：属于对比类写作中的正反观点对比、叙议结合

2、根据对比类写作框架列出主要句型

点明主题：We had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.

详细对比：Opinions are divided on the question:

          60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee.

A. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.

B. It will do harm to the appearance of a city.  （A方观点）

   40% of the students are for the idea of entrance fee.

A. The fee can be used to pay gardeners and other workers.

B. The fee can be used to buy plants and trees. （B方观点）

阐述观点：I agree with the opinion that the fees should be charged, however with a reasonable price. （‘我’的观点）

3、注意细节的描述，有时需要有理由的支撑。这样可以使文章更具有说服力。

例如A 方观点，

60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee.

A. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves because charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.

B. It will do harm to the appearance of a city when the walls and gates are built for charging fees. 

4、注意句子的灵活运用：

例如B方观点：

  40% of the students are for the idea of entrance fee.

A. The fee can be used to pay gardeners and other workers.

B. The fee can be used to buy plants and trees. 

40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers， and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest，however，fees should be charged low.

  对于主语一样的两个句子我们就可以用合并句子的方法使得句子变得很简洁明了，干净利落。

5、注意连接词和过渡词的使用：

整体框架的过渡词的使用：

 

......主题句…….On one hand, …A方观点… … On the other hand ….B方观点… … In short, …‘我’的观点…

 

 表示某一方常用的过渡词有：

 

And ; moreover; what’s more; besides; furthermore; Meanwhile etc.

 

 

双方之间衔接的过渡词有：

 

However; but; on the other hand; on the contrary; Just the opposite

参考范文：

 

Dear Editor，

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.（点题）

Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls，which will do harm to the appearance of a city.（A方观点）

On the other hand，40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers， and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest，however，fees should be charged low.（B方观点）

Every thing has two sides. In my opinion, the point about that fees should be charged is better as long as the price of the entrance fee is reasonable.

                                                                     Yours truly，

                                                   Li Hua