强调句型

   强调句型是高中语法教学的一项重要内容,也是教学中的一个难点。尤其是其易与名词性从句、定语从句相混淆,就更增加了难度。现结合近年来高考、NEPCS(全国中学生英语能力竞赛)等剖析一下强调句型的考查热点,以期有助于同学们克服这一难点。

　　一、考查对强调句型结构的识别

　　强调句型的基本结构形式为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子的其余部分。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等),用It is...that...。例如:

　　1. It is the ability to do the job________matters not where you come from or what you are.

　　A. one B. that

　　C. what D. it

　　如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等),则用It was...that...。例如:

　　2. It was between 1989 and 1999　 　great changes took place in our hometown.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. because

　　有时,be前可使用表示推测的情态动词构成复合结构。例如:

　　It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。

　　It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。

　　Key: 1. B 2. B

　　二、考查强调句型的疑问句式

　　变换句型是增加试题难度的手段之一,强调句型结构本身就让学生"有些糊涂",若再使用其疑问式就更有些让学生"头疼"了。但只要同学们从一开始学习时,就掌握得扎实、牢固,这些"纸老虎"就能一个个被你击溃!

　　一般疑问句式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?

　　特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?

　　3. Was________his illness________he didn't go to see the film?

　　A. necessary; when

　　B. that important of; why

　　C. even if; for

　　D. it because of; that

　　E. it although; then

　　4. Was________that I saw last night at the corner?

　　A. it youB. not you

　　C. you D. that yourself

　　Key: 3. D 4. A

　　三、考查强调句型的易错点

　　强调句型的学习、掌握中有很多难点,同时也是易错点,这些学生容易出错的地方,也是各种考试考查的重点和热点。这些易错点有:

　　1)强调时间、地点、原因状语时,通常只使用that,而不能使用when,where,why。

　　5. It was only when I reread his poems recently________I began to appreciate their beauty.

　　A. until B. that C. when D. so

　　6. It was in Qingdao________I saw the sea for the first time.

　　A. what B. that C. when D. which

　　7. It was because of bad weather________the football match had to be put off.

　　A. so B. so that C. why D. that

　　以上三题均为强调句型,分别强调时间状语(only when I reread his poems recently)、地点状语(in Qingdao)和原因状语(because of bad weather),均只能使用that。

　　2)当被强调的是not...until句型时,应将not置于until之前,主句由否定句改为肯定句。

　　8. It was not until 1920________regular radio broadcast began.

　A. whileB. whichC. thatD. since

　　Key: C

　　3)强调主语时,谓语动词应与之保持一致。

　　【误】 It is I who/ that is going to be sent there to help them.

　　【正】 It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them.

　　4) 强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时,应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。

　　【误】It was her that told me about it.

　　【正】It was she that told me about it.

　　【误】It is I who the teacher has punished.

　　【正】It is me whom the teacher has punished.

　　四、考查强调句型与相关句型的辨析

　　强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆,故高考也常考查这方面的内容。例如:

　　A. 与定语从句的辨析

　　9. Was it during the Second World War________he died?

　　A. that　B. while

　　C. in which D. then

　　B.与名词性从句的辨析

　　10. It was________he said________

　　disappointed me.

　　A. what; that B. that; that

　　C. what; what D. that; what

　　C. 与状语从句的辨析

　　11. It was about 600 years ago 　

　　the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

　　A. that B. until　C. before D. when

　　D. 与there be句型的辨析

　　12_______is no possibility________Bob can win the first prize in the match.

　　A. There; that B. It; that

　　C. There; whether D. It; whether A

　　答案与简析:

　　9. A。本题易错选C,以为是定语从句修饰the Second World War。

　　10. A。本题同时考查强调句型和名词性从句这两个知识点,学生易错选C,认为两处均为名词性从句。

　　11. A。本题易错选C和D,认为是时间状语从句或定语从句。判断是否强调句型的一个简易方法是"还原法",即看其能否删除"It is/was...(that/who/whom)..."部分后还原为一个单句。能者则是,不能者则不是。如上述9-11题分别可还原为:

　　He died during the Second World War.

　　What he said disappointed me.

　　The first clock with a face and an hour hand was made about 600 years ago.

12. A。本题为there be句型,而非强调句型。that引导的为同位语从句,作possibility的同位语。

二、考点解读

1．强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：“Is /Was it+ 被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分?”

例1．Was it during the Second World War ____ he died? (MET88)

    A. that   B. while   C. in which   D. then

解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句。强调时间状语，故选A。

例2．Was _____that I saw last night at the concert?(上海97)

A. it you   B. not you    C. you   D. that yourself

解析：此句也是强调句的一般疑问句。强调宾语，故选A。

例3．--- Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?

　　 --- ______. (上海96)

A. I didn’t know he was　B. Yes, it was

C. No, he wasn’t　D. Yes, he did

解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能：“Yes, it was”或“No, it wasn’t”，故选B.

2．强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that...？注意在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。

例4． Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?(上海04)

A. What is it that B. What it is that

C. How is it that D. How it is that

解析：此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列。这是一个特殊疑问句,say后面缺少宾语，所以用what ,故选A

例5．I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ I am making to (广东04)

A who is it B who it is C it is who D it is whom

解析: 此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列(此处省略了that).这是一个特殊疑问句,考查被强调部分充当宾语的结构。其语序应遵循宾语从句的语序，即陈述语序。另外，在此处是做to的宾语，应用宾格whom，但在通常情况下，也可以用who代替whom ，故选B

3．强调主语、宾语。

例6．It is these poisonous products ____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (NMET03)

A. who     B. that    C. how     D. what

解析：此题强调主语these poisonous products. 把it is……that去掉，句意仍完整。故选B.

例7．It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ______ attracted the audience’s interest. (上海2000 春)

A. so that B. that C. what D. in which

解析：此题强调主语从句how the young man had learned five foreign languages。把it was……that去掉，句意仍完整。故选B.

例8．It was the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000)

A. one     B. that    C. what    D. it

解析：本题强调主语the ability to do the job.把It was……that去掉，句意仍完整。故选B。

4．强调状语

强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when, where, why或how。如：

例9．It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97)

    A. that  B. until  C. before  D. when

解析：这是对时间状语about 600 years ago的强调，故选A

例10．It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.(辽宁06)

A. that   B. when   C. since   D. as

解析：这是对时间状语从句after he got what he had desired的强调，故选A.

例11．It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET98)   

A. until   B. that    C. then    D. so

解析：本句强调时间状语从句 when I reread his poems recently，故选B。

例12．It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (上海03春)

    A. so  B. so that  C. why  D. that

解析：本句强调原因状语because of bad weather, 故选D。在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。

例13．It was where there had been a theatre ____ they built a new modern school.

    A. where  B. in which C. that  D. so

解析：本句强调地点状语从句where there had been a theatre.故选C。

例14．It was only with the help of the local people ___ .（上海春04）

A. was the mountain climber rescued

B. that the mountain climber was rescued

C. when the mountain climber was rescued

D. then mountain climber was rescued

解析：本句强调方式状语only with the help of the local People.故选B

例15．It was in the book store ____ I met your brother the other day.(上海90）

A．where  B. that  C. in which  D. in that

解析：本句强调地点状语in the book store.故选B.

特别提示：对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until...that...”这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不能使用倒装语序。如：

例16．It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star. (NMET92)

A. when; that     B. until; that

C. until; when    D. when; then

解析：此题强调until引导的时间状语从句until she took off her dark glasses，要将not until放在一起置于It was/is之后。故选B.

例17．It was ______ back home after the experiment. (湖北04)

A. not until midnight did he go

B. until midnight that he didn’t go

C. not until midnight that he went

D. until midnight when he didn’t go

解析：此题强调until引导的时间状语until midnight，要将not until放在一起置于It was/is之后。在强调句型中不用倒装语序。故选C.

5. 强调句型与相关句型的辨析

强调句型极易与下列句型混淆,故高考也常考查这方面的内容。做题时首先判断该题是否为强调句型。把“It be …that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。

易混句型1：It be+段时间+ since ... “自从……以来”

该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

例18．That was really a splendid evening. It' s years ____ I enjoyed myself

so much. (安徽 05)

A. when    B. that   C. before   D. since

解析：答案为D.since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间

易混句型2：It be+点时间+ when ... ＂当……的时候，是……＂

该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。

例19. —Did Jack come back early last night?

 —Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home. (福建05 )

A. before B. when C. that D. until

解析：答案为B. when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间。

易混句型3：It be+段时间+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……”

该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。例如： 

例20． --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

   --- Perhaps two or three years.  （06福建）

A. when    B. until   C. that   D. before

解析：答案为D.before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间