III、阅读理解：

A

   We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.

So, you have to give a speech—and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”

Cheep up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.

If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.

1．The main idea of this article is       .

       A．that you can improve your speaking ability

       B．that a poor speaker can never change

       C．to always make a short speech

       D．that it is hard to make a speech

2．Paragraph 2 implies that         .

       A．many people are afraid of giving a speech

       B．many people are happy to give a speech

       C．many people don’t prepare for a speech

       D．many people talk too long

3．The phrase “talk over their heads” means         .

       A．speak too loudly                           B．look at the ceiling

       C．look down upon them                   D．use words and ideas that are too difficult

4．All of the following statements are TRUE except         .

       A．few people know how to make good speeches

       B．a lecturer does not need to organize his speech

       C．research is important in preparing a speech

       D．there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability

5．The title for this passage may be         .

       A．Do Not Make a Long Speech           B．How to Give a Good Speech

       C．How to prepare for a Speech            D．Try to Enjoy a speech

B

Theories of crime try to explain two quite different sides of the crime problem: first, why certain forms of behavior are described by society as crimes and second, what the causes of criminal behavior are. Theories about what makes up of criminal behavior have varied widely. One traditional belief is that the criminal code stands for God’s law and is independent of the will of man. In contrast, there is the modern idea that the criminal law is simply the instrument by which the ruling class maintains its power.

There is also a wide variety of explanations for the cause of crime. There is the theory that assumes that an individual choose criminal conduct of his own free will and is therefore responsible for his actions. Other theories describe the criminal more or less as a helpless individual in the grasp of biological, psychological, or social forces beyond his reason or control. Modern studies of crime often depend heavily on statistics（统计）. For example, burglaries are most associated with the poor areas of large cities.

But one thing is clear; it is that criminal behavior is connected with a great number of social, psychological, economic, political, legal, and moral factors. To search for the deciding factor of crime is a too simple action.

6．The author believes that the causes of criminal behavior are         .

       A．primarily social  B．simple and direct

       C．widely varied                                    D．often religious

7．Laws which emphasize punishment for criminal behavior are based on the belief that         .

       A．the criminal’s behavior is controlled by social factors.

       B．The criminal is responsible for his behavior.

       C．Crime is connected with poor urban areas.

       D．There are many causes of criminal behavior

8．The modern idea that the law is a means for the ruling class to maintain its power is essentially a          .

       A．political theory

       B．psychological explanation

       C．moral theory

       D．biological explanation

参考答案：

I、完形填空

CBCAB   BACBD    CBDDB    DADBC

1. dream of 梦想，考虑

4. baking 烤，烘焙

  frying 油煎、油炸

5. arrange to do 安排、约定做某事

10. pass 传球   hit 击球传递

11. over 跨越网

20. merciful 怜悯的

II、单项选择：

ABDAC    CACDB   BADCA   CDBAC    ADABC

4. ways 后接to do 或者 of doing

  methods 后接 of doing

7. call up 使想起

  call in 召集、召来

9. 省略句 = That sounds good.

10. anyway 无论如何

   therefore 因此，所以

11. should you be fired  should 万一

13. 注意时间状语 over the past few years

19. There is no need for sb to do sth. 某人没有必要做什么

III、阅读理解

AADBBCBA