What is the difference between bid and tender?

Bid和tender之间的区别是什么？

7 Answers

Artem Rodichev, Media Trading Tech & TEDx

Written 26 Jan 2015

wikipedia: "A request for tenders (RFT) is a formal, structured invitation to suppliers, to bid, to supply products or services."
根据维基百科：“招标书（Request for tenders）是一种邀请供应商为提供产品或服务而进行报价的正式且结构化的邀请文件。”
I've never heard anybody using the word "tender" in the ad tech world. However my guess is that we can define a request from an SSP as a tender and all the responses from DSPs as bids.

我在广告技术领域从未听过什么人使用tender这个词。但是，我想我们可以将来自SSP的邀请定义为招标书tender，把DSP方面的回复称为投保书bid。

Pradeep Chauhan, Worked in Procurement for Direct & Indirect

Written 11 Aug

A Tender is an open Request for Proposal (RFP) when an organization wants to buy something and is soliciting bids from suppliers. It is more commonly used term within Government and Public Sector undertaking that require Procurement ‘tender out’ anything they want to buy. It usually involves purchase of non-standard equipment or services where suppliers can modify their offerings or need to come up with a custom proposal. There are ‘limited tenders’ which are open only to prequalified bidders and ‘open tenders’ which are open to anybody.

招标书（Tender）是一种公开的报价要求。当一个机构打算购买什么物品，并向供应商寻求报价时使用。Tender这个词更常用于政府机构和公共事务部门，这些机构需要采购他们想要购买的一切物品。通常Tender会涉及到采购一些非标准化的设备或服务，供应商可以调整他们的报价，或者需要做成定制型的报价。很少有只向预先通过审核的投标商开放的“有限招标”或者向大众完全公开的“开放式招标”。

Bids are the supplier’s proposals against those RFPs. It includes things like pricing, availability and delivery schedule. Bids are usually sealed (secret) and opened during a ‘Tender Opening’ where the Procurement team opens the bids in front of all the suppliers on a certain day and time.

投标（bid）则是供应商对那些招标书的报价，包括的内容有定价、有效性和交付时间表等。投标通常要密封（机密），并在“开标”时打开。开标时，采购团队会在一个特定的日期和时间，面对多有供应商打开投标文件。

Tenders are being replaced by Reverse Auctioning and eProcurement tools these days.

招标现在正在被反向拍卖和电子采购工具取代。

2.8k Views · View Upvotes

Denis Strasse, "30 years doing it and managing it and 6 years teaching it" now retired “从事和管理这方面工作30年之久，后来又培训教学这方面的知识有6年。现已退休。”

Written 21 Apr

A tender document is a more formal approach to the market but the responses from suppliers are still bids or better called offers. One can seek quotes from suppliers also and these quotes are also bids. A quote usually infers a less complex activity and/or low value requirement with a simple specification and terms and conditions.

招标文件时一种面向市场的更为正式的方法，但是供应商的回复仍然称作投标bid，或者更好的叫法是报价offer。也可以从供应商寻求报价，这些报价也叫bid。报价通常表示那是一种不太复杂的活动，以及/或者价格要求不高，规格和条款及条件都较为简单。

However as Anand says, "bid" is more commonly the jargon used at an auction. At auctions, bidders compete until the highest price someone is prepared to pay succeeds. However, I have done tender documents for the disposal/sale of items for complex items such as military aircraft.

但是根据Anand的说法, “bid”是一个在拍卖中更为常用的术语。拍卖中，买家相互竞争，直到有人打算以最高竞价购买。但是，我做过复杂产品比如军用飞机的售卖/销售的招标文件。

A tender document issued by an organisation seeking offers is also called an "invitation to treat" that is an invitation to do business. Acceptance of the offer from a supplier unconditionally forms the contract. In high value complex contracts there may be a negotiation phase with the successful tenderer where formal agreements are signed by both parties to reflect the agreed terms and condition etc. For example, in the sale of a house, both parties sign the contract of sale. 

招标文件是由一家寻求提供报价的组织发出，也被称作邀请做生意的“邀请招待函”。接受了供应商的报价就无条件构成了合约。如果是价值很高、内容复杂的合约，可能还有一个与中标单位谈判的阶段。通过谈判，双方签署正式协议，反映双方共同认可的条款和条件等。比如，销售房屋时，双方签署销售合同。

4.4k Views · View Upvotes · Answer requested by Mariam Sow

Loraine Fabb, - experienced Bid Manager, primarily in the recruitment industry 经验丰富的投标经理，主要在招聘行业工作

Written 20 Oct

Hi! 好啊！

A tender is a request by, for example, a company or government department(s) seeking supplier(s) of goods or services. The tender documentation will set out the requirements, timeline, criteria, etc, and will often include a response template and a draft agreement/contract.

招标书（tender）是由一家寻求提供商品或服务的公司或者政府机构提出的要求。招标文件将规定要求、时间线、标准等，并且通常还会包含一个回复模板和草拟的协议/合同。

A bid is a potential supplier’s response to a tender. It must answer all questions asked in the tender documentation and must include all information requested, including proposed costings, if required.

投标书（bid）是潜在供应商对招标书的回复。投标书必需回答招标文件中提出的所有问题，并且必需包含所提问的所有信息，如果有要求，还要包含提出的成本费用。

This is a simplistic explanation, but it does clarify the difference between ‘tender’ and ‘bid’. Hope it helps.

这只是一个简单的解释，但是确实明确了“招标书tender”和“投标书bid”的关系，希望能够有所帮助。

756 Views · Answer requested by Ville Laakkonen

Wahab J

Written 12 Oct

A tender is a formal request to suppliers to give their price demand for purchase of certain goods/ services. And bids are the actual price supplier demands for providing those goods/ services.

招标书tender是一种正式的要求。招标书要发给供应商，让供应商对所要招标采购的某些商品/服务提出报价要求。投标书bid则是为提供那些产品/服务所提出的实际供应商价格要求。

687 Views

Lampros Stavrogiannis, Online Advertising Auctions 在线广告拍卖

Written Jan 26, 2015

I think the two terms are equivalent: tender offers in auctions usually refer to sealed bids, i.e. traditionally bids in sealed envelopes

我想这两个术语是相等的：在拍卖中，招标书的报价（tender offers）通常指的是密封的投标文件，即用信封密封的传统投标文件。

5.4k Views

Anand Tammineni

Written Apr 12, 2015

A bid is usually restricted to making a financial offer eg: at an auction you might make a bid of a certain price for a painting. A tender means that you will offer a service/item at a certain price. So it's a lot more complex than just dealing with a price.

投标文件bid通常限定指代编制财务报价，比如：拍卖时，你可能会为一副画作提供一定价格的报价。tender的意思是，你将以一定的价格提供一项服务/产品。所以，tender要比单纯的价格要复杂的多。

 

 

The difference between bids, tenders and proposals

Bid、tender和proposal之差异

September 18, 2013

Are you resourcing a tender or bid team?  Need a proposal writer?  A bid manager…no, maybe a tender manager.  If you are confused with the mix of terminology used by procurement and business development professionals you are not alone.

你是否正在寻求招标团队或投标团队资源？需要找报价编制人员吗？投标经理……不，也许是招标经理。如果你对于采购和企业发展专业人员的这些混杂用语感到困惑不解，其实还有很多人跟你一样。

Here we explain the difference between bids, tenders and proposals with a straight forward list of definitions every company needs.

我们在此解释一下bid、tender和proposal的区别。我们提供一个所有公司都需要的直截了当的定义列表。

The first thing to realise is that terms vary from organisation to organisation and country to country. They also depend on some extent on the background and skill set of the person involved. 

第一件需要知道的事情是，机构不同、国家不同的话，这些术语的使用也会有所变化，还取决于一些背景范围，以及所涉及人员的技能组合。

Bid – an approach to a client in order to gain significant new or repeat business. Bids, by their nature, involve staff from across the whole breadth of one or more organisations. The Bid Manager needs to be able to interact with many types of specialists – from technical to legal, finance, HR and senior management, and will need to know their roles, responsibilities, and what they can and cannot be asked to deliver.  The term “bid” or “bidding” can also relate to the documented Offer submitted in response to a request or invitation to tender. The ‘bid’ will then be evaluated against a set of criteria that are described in the request or invitation to tender.

投标Bid—对于客户来讲，是一种获取重大新业务或重复性业务的渠道。投标bid，从性质上来说，涉及到一家或多家公司的所有成员。投标经理需要能够与很多类型的专业人员互动，从技术人员到法务人员、财务人员、人力资源人员以及高级管理人员，并且需要了解这些人的角色、责任，并知道他们可以要求交付什么，不能要求交付什么。Bid这个词或bidding这个词也可以用来指回复招标书而提交的报价文件（投标书，投标文件），然后将按照招标书中所描述的一套标准对投标文件进行评估。

Tender – The term “tender” is often used interchangeably to the term bid.  However, “Bid” is increasingly being used by the Offerer (the supply side) and the term “tender” used on the procurement side (the buyer).

招标Tender——Tender这个词经常和bid互换使用。但是，现在投标单位（供应商方面）越来越多地使用bid这个词，而tender这个词则越来越多地由采购方（买方/招标单位）使用。

Bid Manager – The bid manager takes full ownership of entire bid program. Sometimes, this may involve a period of research, information gathering and strategic messaging prior to the bid being released. Responsibilities include overseeing best practice processes and procedures, managing multiple resources – sometimes cross-functional, cross-jurisdictional and even across companies or the supply chain. As a leadership position, the Bid Manager – who must feel at ease working with executives and the Board – requires strong people management skills, the ability to deal with complex business relationships, competing priorities and driving the delivery of a strong winning business case to the client within a high stress environment within tight timeframes.

投标经理——投标经理对整个投标项目全部过程负责。有时，这可能会涉及到一个研究、信息收集和战略信息的过程，然后才能发布投标文件。投标经理的责任包括监督最佳时间过程和程序，管理多套资源——有时候跨职能、跨管辖甚至跨企业或供应链。身处领导岗位的投标经理，在与高管和董事工作时必须放松，这要求很强的人员管理技能，处理复杂业务关系的能力，以及在压力大时间紧的环境下竞争优先权，推进向客户交付强有力的商业案例的能力。

Tender Manager – The title is often used interchangeably to Bid Manager, however bids, by their nature, are project-based with a beginning and end point.  The tender manager, on the other hand, has traditionally been charged with overseeing the capture lifecycle – from identifying and converting significant business opportunities, to supervising and delivering tender responses and continually reviewing the bid management process.  A Tender Manager can also be hired on the procurement side to manage tender requirements, oversee the Request for Tender process, and negotiate contracts (sometimes referred to as Tender and Contracts Manager).

招标经理——这个称呼经常和投标经理互换使用（不妨合起来称为招投标经理）。但是从本质上讲，招投标是以项目为基础且有始有终的。从另一方面说，招标经理在传统上主要是负责监督抢占生命周期——从确定和转化重大商业机会、到监督和提交招标应答，再到继续审查投标管理过程。也可以从采购端雇佣招标经理来负责管理招标要求，监督招标过程，谈判合同（有时候指招标及合同经理）。

Project Manager – To some extent all Bid Managers act as Project Managers. A bid shares many characteristics of a project due to its defined beginning and end point, objectives, roles, responsibilities, milestones and deliverables. For this reason some organisations assign project managers to Bid Management roles.

项目经理——从某种程度说，所有的投标经理都是项目经理。投标由于其定义了项目的起点和终点、目标、角色、责任、里程碑和可交付成果，所以具有项目的很多特征。正因如此，有些公司把投标管理职能分配给项目经理去做。

Business profile, or corporate credentials – A business profile or corporate credentials is a promotional or marketing tool that presents a snapshot of your company. It essentially serves as a resume for your business. 

公司简介——公司简介是一种推广和营销工具，展示公司的简介。主要用作公司的简历。

Capability statement –  Similar to above but is usually tailored to the audience or the contract requirements, and describes the business’ capabilities and experience, including who you are, what you do, and how you are different from your competitors.

能力说明——和上面的类似，但是通常是专为观众或根据合同要求特别编制，描述的是公司的能力和经验，包括公司名称、公司业务以及公司与同行业竞争对手相比的不同优势。

Proposal – The proposal is a written offer from a seller to a prospective buyer. It is a critical step in the complex sales process—i.e., whenever a buyer considers more than price in a purchase and serve as a persuasive business case for a product, service, or business opportunity. Proposals are client-centric selling documents that are highly tailored and solutions-oriented to the buyer’s requirements.

方案书——方案书是一种卖方给潜在买方提交的书面报价，是复杂销售过程中的关键一步——即，当买方不仅仅考虑采购中的价格时使用。方案书还作为某种产品、服务和业务机会的一种有说服力的商业案例使用。方案书是以客户中重心的销售文件，根据买方的要求高度量身定制，并以解决方案为导向。

Proposal Writer – Proposal Writers are usually tasked with pulling together pre-existing information or creating custom content and tailoring it to the client’s needs. Generally, a proposal includes a summary, and then identifies the problem or business opportunity, defines the solution and how it will work (the methodology or project plan together with performance criteria, budget / pricing and organisational details, including names and description of credentials (past performance) and expertise of the individuals who will be responsible for managing and performing the work.

方案书编制人员——方案书编制人员通常负责将预先存在的信息汇总在一起，或创建自定义内容，并根据客户需要进行定制。 一般来说，方案书包括摘要、然后明确问题或商业机会，定义解决方案及配有绩效标准、预算/定价和组织详细信息，包括凭证的名称和描述 （过去的表现）和负责管理和执行工作的个人项目计划。

Technical Specialist  – Also referred to as ‘subject matter experts’, technical specialists are usually industry specific and are central to developing the client solution. Their focus therefore is on design and functionality rather than the sell. In the IT space they might be systems programmers or network designers; for major infrastructure they may be civil engineers.

技术专员——也指“主题专家”，通常是行业技术专业人员，处在开发客户解决方案的中心。因此他们的重点是在设计和功能，而不是销售。在IT行业，他们可能是系统程序员或网络设计师；对于主要基础设施，他们可能是土木工程师。

Technical Writer –  Usually professional communicators who are skilled at translating technical language into plain English instructions for the everyday user of a product or service.  The Technical Writer and Bid Manager work closely with Technical Specialists to scope their information requirements to ensure it contributes positively to the Bid.

技术文档工程师——通常是专业的沟通者。他们将产品或服务的技术语言熟练地翻译成简明英语说明给日常用户使用。技术文档工程师与投标经理及技术专家紧密合作，确定他们的信息要求范围，确保这个范围能够对投标有积极意义。