高中英语词组固定搭配详解及专项练习

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随着高考英语命题更贴近生活与实际应用，词组固定搭配的考察越来越频繁，本人特此为高中同学整理一些供参考，希望能起到抛砖引玉。

e.g.①The Greeks believed that individuals must be responsible      their own actions.

A) with        B) of           C) for          D) to

[答案] C）

[解析] “be responsible for”是固定搭配，意思是“对某事负贡”，但是也有”be responsible to”这一词组，其意思是“向某人负责”。经比较，C)为正确答案。同时，我们也可以根据这两个词组总结出下面这种表达法：be responsible to sb. for sth.(为某事向某人负责)。

e.g.②They shut       their town house and moved to the country for the summer.

A) down        B) up            C) in          D) off

[答案]B）

[解析] shut这个词可以与很多的词搭配，组成不同的意思。本题的四个选项均可与shut搭配：shut down(指工厂)停工，关闭；shut up关闭……之所有门窗；shut in困住，囚禁；shut off停止供应(煤气、水等)。根据本句的意思，应该选择B)，即“他们关闭城里住房的门窗，到乡下去避暑”。

e.g.③It will be a great advantage to be able to speak a foreign language, especially if you are        business.

A) to           B) on            C) in           D) with

[答案] B)

[解析] 此题的意思比较明了，应该选B)，“on business”是“出差”、“有公干”的意思。另外，“in business”是“做生意”、“经商”的意思，如：He is in business for himself．(他自己经商。)He is in the rice business．(他做大米生意。)

[学习指导] 这类考题主要是考查考生的词汇量，特别是对词组的掌握程度。因此，平时要养成多读、多记、多比较的习惯，培养语感，做到“脱口而出”。另外，要看懂全句的意思，搞清楚句中所需要的是哪个词组。在平时的学习中采用对比法、归类法、典型句子记忆法，可以收到令人满意的效果。

be familiar with 和 be familiar to

You may be familiar with some of my work. It's currently orbiting Jupiter’s largest moon Taking high-resolution digital photographs.

我的一些研究成果你可能已经很熟悉了。

它正在围绕着木星的最大卫星轨道运行,拍摄高分辨率的数码照片。

Some of this will be familiar to some of you who've have had biology in high school or other places, you know something about DNA.

对你们来说有些内容会比较熟悉,如果在高中或其他地方学习过生物课,就会多少懂一些有关DNA的知识，但我认为这个解释也太局限了，我希望你们能逐渐熟悉这一现象。

be satisfied with 和 be satisfactory to

compare … with 和compare … to

典型句子记忆法(要求句子简单、常用、易上口)：

The children are familiar with this story.

This story is familiar to the children.

The boss is satisfied with your work.

Your work is satisfactory to your boss.

Let me compare your composition with his.

We often compare our society to a stage.

还有很多的词组可以利用这种方法帮助记忆，如：

used to…, be used to…, supply … for… , supply… with…等。

 

专项练习

1. The 7:30 news generally       international news and a national network news program.

  A) consists of   B) is consisted of  C) are consisted of   D) are consisted with

2. I find it easier to        conversation with British people by talking about the weather.

  A) enter        B) enter to       C) enter into          D) enter upon

3. Just like trade and specialization, economics and polities always go       .

  A) hand over hand  B) hand in hand  C) hand by hand      D) hand to hand

4. With the development of our construction, more and more new buildings             the old ones.

  A) are taking place                   B) are taking place of

  C) are making place for                D) are taking the place of

5. You’d better be silent about the accident        ask for trouble.

  A) so as not to     B) so as to not    C) not so as to       D) so not as to

6. Here’s my telephone number. Let's keep in        .

  A) relation      B) connection      C) friendship         D) touch

7. I can't carry this box. Will you        me a favor, please?

  A) make        B) give         C) do          D) show

8. The West Lake is        that many people go there for a visit every year.

  A) such beautiful place             B) so a beautiful place

  C) so beautiful a place             D) such beautiful a place

9. I was just about to         the maths problem .when my friend came .to help me.

  A) give in         B) give up         C) put up         D) give out

10. We must often listen to the news on TV and read newspaper in order to        the present situation.

  A) keep up with    C) go hand in hand  B) catch up with     D) keep our way

12)词义的选择

e.g.① It is true that your mental abilities are at their best      7 the ages of 18 and 25.

A) between       B) among        C) from        D) along

[答案] A）

[解析] 由于是针对年龄而言，所以首先应排除的是D)，因为“along”的意思是“沿着(某、某方向)”。C)也不对，因为它的搭配往往是“from…to…”。“among”是表示“在(很多的)中间”，也不能用于此处。只有A)是正确答案，它表示“在18岁到25岁之间”。

e.g.②When he is reading, he concentrates on meanings given by the text       on the variety of possible meanings of individual words.

   A) rather than       B) other than       C) than        D) more than

[答案] D)   

[解析] 这道题句子较长，结构较复杂，四个选项具有迷惑性。首先看看整个句子，里面不含形容词或副词的比较级，故要排除C)。B)是一个有意误导的选项，因为没有这种用法，只有“no other than”。那么剩下A)和D)两项，A)“rather than"表示“宁要……而不要……”，“rather than"后面接的是不要或不愿意做的事。D)的“more than”表示“前面的事比后面的事做得多些”，“more than"后面的事情不是不要或不做，而是做得少些而已。我们再看看全句的意思，便可确定选择D)，其中文意思是：“当他阅读时，他把更多的注意力集中在理解全文的意思上，而不是专门注意个别单词的意义。”

e.g.③I think you have talked too much; what you need now is more action and      talk.

A) few         B) little        C) fewer        D) less

[答案] D)

[解析] 本句的意思一目了然，即：你应该多行动(做事)少说话。根据句子意思及对应原则，比较级“more”应该对应一个比较级“更少”，而A)和B)不是比较级，首先排除它们。又根据“talk”在此是表示抽象意义“说话”；是不可数名词，故应选择D)。

e.g.④     born in the north, the author was brought up in the south.

   A) Since       B) When       C) Although      D) As

     [答案] C)

     [解析] 此句的前一部分应看做是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为“…he was born in the north"。有这样一种规定：在用as if, if, once, though/although，unless，until，where，when，whether等引导的从句中，若谓语动词为be，而主语又与主句中的主语相同时，从句中的主语和谓语动词be通常省略。知道前一部分是状语从句，再将前、后部分连贯进来，想想全句的意思，就能选出正确答案C)。   

e.g.⑤        all the electronic devices , computers have the greatest significance in modem technology .

A) On      B) By      C) With    D) Of

[答案] D)

[解析] 从句型及四个选项看，此句的前一部分是介词短语作状语，后一部分是主句，句中的“greatest”告诉我们：这是一个含有最高级的句子，那么前一部分就是最高级句子常带的“of…”短语作状语，故答案为D)。

e.g.⑥ He said that he had       to do with the accident, so he should not be questioned.

A) something    B)everything       C) nothing         D) anything

[答案] C)

[解析] 本句是一个并列句，由so连接两个分句。第一个分句实际上是表明原因的，第二个分句是结果。在第一个分句不完整的情况下，我们先将后面分句的意思弄清楚：“他不应该被审问”。根据这个意思，前面分句中应该填入“nothing”，组成词组“had nothing to do with”，意思是“与……无关”。

[学习指导] 词义的选择与词组的固定搭配相类似，也是考查考生对词汇的掌握情况。相对而言，词义考查的难度还要大些。它不能像背词组那样完全背出来，而是要求在长期的实践中(比如做练习、读文章)熟悉一些习惯用法，准确掌握词义(特别是近义词)，还要求理解句子的能力相当强，不受一些插入成分的干扰。

随着英语知识的深化，对词汇的要求也越来越高。它不仅体现在要求大量的词汇量上，而且要求能自如地运用，还要求掌握大量的惯用法和句型以及广泛的阅读面。

现在列举一些词汇和句型供大家比较、学习。

1) 词汇：

before long              不久(=soon)

long before              很久以前(=a long time ago)

no more than…           只，仅仅(强调“少”)

not more than…          不超过(暗含“不到”的意思)

some time                一段时间(noun phrase)

sometime                 (过去)曾经或某时；(将来)某时(adV.)

sometimes                有时(adv.)

die of                   死于(因内在的感情原因，如失恋、悲伤等)

die from                 死于(因外在的原因，如受伤、饮酒过量等)

be afraid of sb./sth.    害怕某人或某物

be afraid of doing sth.  害怕(担心)发生某种情况

be afraid to do sth.     害怕(不敢)做某事

refuse vt.       拒绝(坚定地)

reject vt.       拒绝(强调当面)

decline vt.      谢绝

raise vt.        举起，提起(=lift up)

rise vi.         升起，起身，起床

arise vi.        发生，出现(=come into existence)

2) 句型：

have sb. do…          让某人做某事

have sth. to do…      有某事要做

have sb. doing…       让某人(正)做某事

have sth. doing…      让某事/物处于某种状态

have sth. Done         让某事由别人做；遇到某种情况

be going to do…       打算和准备做某事

be to do…             安排、计划、决定、命令做某事

be about to do; be on the point of doing        

马上就要做某事，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：

have gone to…          已去了某地

have been to…          去过了某地

have been in…          呆在某地

would like to do…      很愿意做某事

feel like doing…       想要做某事(心里想做或由于身体不舒服引起的自然感觉

be likely to do…              可能、大概会发生某事

It's the first time that…     第一次(对现在而言，从句用现在完成时)

It was the first time that…   第一次(对过去而言，从句用过去完成时)

It's (high) time that          是……的时候了(从句用虚拟语气)

高中英语词组固定搭配

11.My father has been out on business for        and he will come back        next week.

   A) sometime, some time                  B) some time, sometime

   C) sometimes , sometime                  D) sometime, sometimes

12. I asked him to see the film, but he told me he had seen the film       .

   A) long ago                            B) before long

   C) long before                          D) two months ago

13. In the past the villagers had to        water from the river far away .

   A) take    B) bring     C) get    D) carry

14.He       me that he didn't      anything at the meeting.

  A) told, say       B) told, speak       C) said, talk         D) talked, tell

15. This incident,       lead to a serious consequence .

  A) would like to                       B) will like to

  C) is likely to                         D) will feel like to

16. You can have the broken bike       tomorrow because I have the car     outside. Please hurry .

  A) repair, wait  B) repaired, waiting  C) repairing, waited  D) repaired, waited

17.I will not tell her about that because I am afraid        her.

  A) of hurting      B) to hurt       C) hurting         D) that hurt

18. His composition is well written       a few spelling mistakes,

  A) except        B) except that         C) except to       D) except for

19. He       from his seat and       his glass to me.

  A) rose, arose   B) arose, rose      C) rose, raised           D) raised, rose

20.This dictionary is like that one       they were published in the same year.

  A) with that      B) in that        C) at that        D)for that

参考资料：牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第6版）

参考答案(回复显示答案）  

1--5  A C B D A6--10  D C C B A       11--15  B C D A C       16--20  B A D C B