从欧氏几何到无穷小分析
(2013-08-25 04:46:58)
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二、"To produce [extend] a finite straight line continuously in a straight line."
三、"To describe a circle with any centre and distance [radius]."
四、"That all right angles are equal to one another." wu
五、The parallel postulate: "That, if a straight line falling on two straight lines make the interior angles on the same side less than two right angles, the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which are the angles less than the two right angles."
演绎出一本数学名著《几何原本》,其中包含有469个逻辑推理的”结论“(即所谓”定理“)。这本历史性的巨著影响了人类社会的发展进程,直到现在。为什么?
我们是现代文明人,早上吃油条,中午逛超市,晚上打麻将,见多又识广,对欧几里德《原本》不屑一顾。但是,数学家却不然,喜欢”啃书“,咬文嚼字,刨根究底。对《原本》公设二里面的”extend continiously“(连续不断地延长)以及公设五里面的”produced indefinitely“(不确定地延伸)究竟是什么意思,数学家们感到很好奇。