三论微积分学的公理化
(2013-08-05 03:25:05)
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(a) The set R of real numbers is a subset of the set R* of hyperreal numbers.
(b) There is given a relation <* on R*, such that the order relation < on R is a subset of <*, <* is transitive (a <* b and b <*c implies a <* c), and <* satisfies the Trichotomy Law: for all a,b in R*, exactly one of a <* b, a = b, b <* a holds.
(c) There is a hyperreal number ε such that 0 <* ε and ε < * r for each positive real number r.
(d) For each real function f, there is given a hyperreal function f* with the same number of variables, called the natural extension of f.
Part (c) of the Extension Axiom states that there is at least one positive infinitesimal. Part (d) gives us the natural extension for each real function. The Transfer Axiom will say that this natural extension has the same properties as the original function.
我们做如此设想:R代表已经公理化的传统微积分学,而R*代表即将引入的无穷小微积分学。这是两种不同的模型(Model,或数学结构)。在R中,没有无穷小,而在R*中,在新型的序关系<*之下,有一种“理想数”ε,满足条件: