2017-2

阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Hidden London: the city’s lesser known delights Dulwich Picture Gallery

As much an excuse to enjoy the village charms of Dulwich Village as to admire some delicate European masterworks, this gallery is a southeast London charmer, which was founded in 1811. Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection ( 3 pm Saturday and Sunday), catch the latest temporary exhibition and admire the lovely garden (open 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm Tuesdays)

Where: Gallery RD SE21 7AD

Train: West Dulwich

Temple Church

       Featuring in the novel The Da Vinci Code and dating back to the late 12^th century, this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval treasures. Built by the Knights Templar, the church is divided into the Round ---- which contains the statues of crusading knights, who tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages and the Chancel, where the priests and singers performing in church services sit.

Where: Temple EC4Y 7DE

Underground; Temple or Blackfriars

Chelsea Physics Garden

       Endlessly satisfying the green-fingered, the plain curious or those eager to discover botanical interests in central London, this delightful walled garden was founded by the Apothecaries’ Society in the 17^th century and is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London.

Where: 66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS

Underground: Sloane Square

Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art

       Built between 1953 and 1958, the Estorick is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art. It draws together a fascinating collection of Futurist masterpieces from Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carra and others, who emphasized the importance of modern things, especially technology and machines.

Where: 39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN

Underground: Highbury & Islington

36. When can you follow a free guide to visit Dulwich Picture Gallery?

   A. 3 pm on Sunday.                                  B. 3:30 pm on Tuesday.

   C. 1:30 pm on Tuesday.                             D. 1:30 pm on Saturday.

37. Which of the following has the longest history?

A. Dulwich Picture Gallery.                     B. Temple Church.

C. Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art.       D. Chelsea Physics Garden.

38. Where should you go if you have an interest in plants?

A. Gallery Rd SE21 7AD                 B. Temple EC4Y 7DE

C. 66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS         D. 39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN

39. If you want to enjoy Italian art, you may get off at ________.

   A. West Dulwich       B. Blackfriars        C. Sloane Square    D. Highbury

40. In which part of a newspaper can you read the text?

   A. Nature.              B. Society.              C. Travel.                     D. Lifestyle.          

 

B

   The new study shows that we spend more time using the mobile Internet than reading newspapers or magazines. According to the European Interactive Advertising Association (ELAA), the average European spends 4.8 hours reading newspapers and magazines but 1.6 hours more using the mobile Internet a week.

   The EIAA questioned 15,000 people in 15 European countries, looking at how people are using the Internet and its influence on their everyday lives. It has found that the mobile Internet is increasingly finding its way into the public awareness. Over 71 million Europeans now have Internet access on their mobiles phones. In the UK, 10 million people now access the Internet through their mobile phones and spend 6.3 hours doing so in a week.

   Unsurprisingly younger generations in the UK are leading the way, with nearly half of the country’s 16-to-24-year-olds and a quarter of 25-to-34-year-olds using the mobile Internet, spending 6.5 and 6.2 hours online each week.

   Entertainment plays a major role in our mobile Internet lives, with one in five British people using their phones for online games, a third listening to the online radio and 39 percent watching films, TV or other videos at least once a week. One third of those using an Internet phone said they received videos, images or other multimedia on their mobile, and 61 percent said they passed on contents they received.

   From a communication point of view, 80 percent of those questioned agreed that the Internet had made it easier for them to stay in touch with friends and family.

      Alison Fennah, director of the EIAA, said the mobile Internet use had come to the point that marketers should be looking to develop strategies that connect with consumers more effectively. “Better devices as well as improved consumer motivation that start coming together in 2011 can make a great difference to extending the online experience,” Fennah said.

 

41. How long does a European spend on the mobile Internet per week according to the EIAA?

   A. 6.2 hours.               B. 6.4 hours.           C. 4.8 hours.             D. 1.6 hours.

42. What do the words “doing so” mean in Paragraph 2 refer to?

   A. Reading papers and magazines.               B. Playing computer games.

   C. Watching films online.                           D. Using the mobile Internet.

43. What do people mainly use the mobile Internet for?

   A. Communication.            B. Study.     C. Amusement.          D. Advertising.

44. It can be known from the passage that ________.

  A. more than half of the young people in the UK use the mobile Internet

  B. the Internet is the most effective way to stay in touch with friends and family.

   C. the UK has the largest number of people who use the mobile Internet in Europe.

     D. better devices and improved consumer motivation help extend the online experience.

45. The author wrote the passage to tell us ________ .

  A. how to use mobile phones to surf the Internet

  B. newspapers and magazines will disappear soon

  C. mobile surfing now is more popular than reading

D. how the Internet influences our daily life   

 

C

Most people will experience at least one wrong medical diagnosis in their lifetime, resulting in health problems, psychological suffering and financial cost, according to a new report. Because diagnostic errors are generally discovered in retrospect (回顾), researchers said more work needs to be done to improve medical teams and find ways to avoid errors that can change people’s life in the distant future.

“Diagnosis is a collective effort that often involves a team of health care professionals----from primary care physicians to nurses,” said John Ball, chair of the committee which wrote the report. “The type of a single physician observing a patient case and deciding a diagnosis is not always accurate, and a diagnostic error is not always due to human errors. Therefore, to make it possible to reduce diagnostic errors, we have to look more broadly at the entire process of how a diagnosis is made.”

The researchers said there are not enough data on diagnostic errors, and efforts to improve diagnosis and reduce errors have not been frequent. The medical culture discourages transparency and makes it more difficult to correct them. The blame lies in cooperation and communication between members of medical teams treating patients, patients themselves, and their families. Besides this, researchers found the healthcare system is not designed for the collaboration needed in the diagnostic process and that diagnosis will continue to worsen if new ideas are not put forward.

The committee recommended more information, from electronic health records to test results, be made more easily available to families and caregivers, to help them better learn and understand what is going on with their health. Creating an environment for patients to question a diagnosis or add information about their condition could also help better influence diagnosis.

Most significantly, the researchers said methods need to be established to make communication between doctors and patients easier. Doctors currently are not encouraged or paid to communicate with patients as much as they should be.

 

46. It can be inferred from the new report that _________.

   A. diagnostic errors have a great influence on people

   B. new ways are found to avoid diagnostic errors

   C. nobody can avoid those diagnostic errors

   D. diagnostic errors are difficult to be found

47. Why does the medical culture make the correction of diagnostic errors so difficult ?

   A. For lack of advanced technological equipment.

   B. For lack of strict rules of managing the medical environment.

   C. For lack of enough professional knowledge about medicinal treatment.

   D. For lack of cooperation and communication between physicians , patients and

their families.

48. What does Para. 4 mainly talk about ?

   A. Researches on the diagnostic process

   B. New ways to better protect patients

   C. Advice on reducing diagnostic errors

   D. Communication between patients and doctors

49. Why is communication between doctors and patients not much ?

   A. Because of the different belief

   B. Because of the medical situation

   C. Because of being short of money

   D. Because of the current rules

50. The passage most probably comes from__________.

   A. a hospital advertisement                B. a science book

   C. a medical magazine                      D. a research report

 

D

Great white sharks, the world’s largest predatory (食肉的) fish, eat three to four times more food than previously thought, an Australian study shows.

The U.S. research from the 1980s estimated a meal of 30 kilograms could make a one-ton shark continue living for more than six weeks.

That made assumptions that large sharks could survive long periods without eating.

However, a University of Tasmania-led study published this week in Scientific Reports found that 30kg was only enough for 12-15 days.

Researchers tagged (给…….附上标签) a dozen great white sharks at Neptune Islands off South Australia and calculated their metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate based on swimming speeds. They worked out how much energy the sharks burned and how much food they required.

“Their metabolic rate is faster than we assumed.”

Jayson Semmens was the lead author on the study. He said, “They (U.S. researchers) picked a shark that probably wasn’t working very hard at the time when they did it. At the time it was a new study. They did some metabolic work similar to us but on one shark.”

“The white sharks, which we tagged, are working pretty hard… they’re coming up to some pretty high speed to catch the seals,” he said, “Their metabolic rate is much faster than what we had assumed. These animals are probably going to be feeding every day, rather than several weeks.”

The research also sought to improve understanding of how sharks fit into the ocean ecosystem.

“We don’t have a good handle on the population sizes of white sharks. We know that sharks in general are under pressure around the world from overfishing,” Semmens said, “Furthermore, they’re long-lived, they reproduce late in their life and they produce a small number of babies.”

Semmens said the effects of removing white sharks from the ocean were thus far more important than realized. “They’re keeping under control a lot more animals than we thought,” he said. 

 

51.   The U.S. research made people believe that ___________.

A. large sharks could live without eating meat

B. sharks gained several kilograms in six weeks

C. a one-ton shark needed to eat 30 kg every meal

D. large sharks could live without eating for several weeks

52.   What is Semmens’ attitude towards U.S. researchers’ job? ________

A. Uninterested    B. Surprised    C. Objective    D. Satisfied

53. The sharks’ metabolic rate calculated by the two research groups is different probably because ___________.

    A. they used different research methods

    B. they studied sharks of different sizes

    C. the sharks they used for research were of different species

    D. the sharks they used for research swam at different speeds

54. What do you know about white sharks? ___________

    A. They play an important role in ocean ecosystem.

    B. They can produce a large number of babies

    C. They swim more slowly than seals.

    D. They live a short life.

55. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _________.

    A. inform        B. persuade        C. describe        D. entertain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

36. ABCDC    41. BDCDC    46. ADCBC   51. DCDAA