3．关系代词与介词一起用，介词提前时，只用which。

（1）从句中谓语部分成分提前

【真题例句】Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events.（2001阅读3）

【结构分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)。关系代词which引导定语从句into which they plug each day’s events修饰先行词a set of standard templates，which在定语从句中指代先行词作into的宾语（into提前），我们可将其还原为plug each day’s events into（a set of standard templates）。

【参考译文】多数新闻记者都学着用一套标准的模式去看待世界，并把每天发生的事件纳入这种模式。

【真题例句】What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.（2002英译汉）

【结构分析】本句包含由but连接的两个并列分句。前一分句是一个主系表结构，其中主语由what引导的主语从句充当。后一分句中包含which引导的定语从句which such a technology might be drawn修饰先行词science，关系代词which指代science在从句中作be drawn from的宾语，本句表现为from提前，我们可还原从句部分为such a technology might be drawn from （science）。

【参考译文】我们需要的是一种行为技术，但是目前产生这种技术的科学进展缓慢。

【真题例句】It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.（2003阅读3）

【结构分析】本句与上句相同，也包含两个并列分句，由but连接，体现转折关系。前一分句的表语theory由关系代词which引导的定语从句to which many economists subscribe修饰。在该定语从句中，which作subscribe to的宾语，本句体现为介词to提前的形式，我们可还原其为many economists subscribe to （the theory）。后一分句中，determining的宾语由两个which引导的名词性从句充当，分别为which companies will flourish 和which will fail。

【参考译文】这种理论是多数经济学家都赞同的，但在实际操作中，它常常使铁路公司获得了决定哪家公司兴盛哪家公司倒闭的权力。

（略）

（2）代替先行词与介词构成介宾结构在从句中作状语

【真题例句】They are the possessions of the autonomous (selfgoverning) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for this conduct and given credit for his achievements.（200264）

【结构分析】本句包含两个并列分句。在and后的并列分句中，practices由一个which引导的定语从句in which a person is held responsible for this conduct and given credit for his achievements修饰。关系代词which在从句中指代practices与in构成介宾结构，翻译为“在个人行为中”作整个从句的状语。

【参考译文】自由和尊严（参见原题）是传统理论中自主人所拥有的，并且是个人行为中必不可少的——人要对自己的这种品行负责并且因其成就被给予奖励。

【真题例句】Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much so connect different peoples and nations as the recent events in Europe. (200546)

【结构分析】本句与上句同，也包含and连接的两个并列分句。前一分句中，表语部分means由定语从句by which these feelings are created and conveyed修饰。关系which指代means与介词by相连，翻译为“通过这种方式”，在从句中作状语。后一分句提前了never构成倒装（参见倒装章节），并使用了so much…as的比较结构（参见比较章节）。

【参考译文】电视是产生和表达这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。

【真题例句】Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. (2009英译汉)

【结构分析】本句的主干从the intellectual and emotional reaction…开始，之前的成分都作状语，定语从句的部分为under which the world’s work is carried on，关系代词指代主语the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association，介词under与which相连，作整个从句的状语。注意句末的状语部分as compared with physical output。

【参考译文】即使今天，在我们的工业化生活里，与物质产出相比，除了勤俭和节约等某些价值观之外，人类思想中的智力和情感反应却极少受到关注，而世界正是在这两者下运转的。