加载中…6.3保护生物的多样性（一）Conservationofbiologicaldiversity
(2018-01-02 13:09:58)
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备课生物八上维基百科 |
分类： 校园生活 |
The methods of study include
lectures, tutorials, case studies and practical
sessions.
学习方法包括讲课、导师辅导、个案研究与实习。
Students may decide to seek tutorial
guidance.
学生可以决定寻求导师指导。
online tutorial在线教程, 在线辅导，在线帮助
An online tutorial is provided.
http://s16/mw690/001qYuU1zy7qDcCWa1p4f&690
Marsh in Point Pelee, Ontario, Canada
6.3 Protect biodiversity
Biodiversity provides numerous ecosystem services that are
crucial to human well-being at present and in the future.
生物多样性提供对当前和未来人类福祉至关重要的多种生态系统服务。
Human activities are disturbing both the structure and
functions of ecosystems and altering native biodiversity.
人类活动不仅干扰了生态系统的结构和功能，而且还改变了当地的生物多样性。
The loss of species from ecological communities, defaunation,
is primarily driven by human activity. This has resulted in empty
forests, ecological communities depleted of large vertebrates. In
the Quaternary extinction event, the mass die-off of megafaunal
variety coincided with the appearance of humans, suggesting a human
influence. One hypothesis is that humans hunted large mammals, such
as the woolly mammoth, into extinction.
生态群落中物种的灭绝，主要是由人类活动造成的。人类活动导致森林减少，生态环境使得大型野生动物大大减少。在第四纪灭绝事件中，大型野生动物的大量死亡之时恰好是人类出现之际，暗示了人类的影响。有一种假说认为人类猎杀诸如猛犸象这样的大型哺乳动物，造成它们的灭绝。
Various species are predicted to become extinct in the near
future, among them the rhinoceros, primates, pangolins, and
giraffes. Hunting alone threatens hundreds of mammalian species
around the world.
预计不久的将来有多种物种面临灭绝，其中包括犀牛，灵长类动物，穿山甲和长颈鹿。光是狩猎就威胁着世界各地数以百计的哺乳动物物种。
Scientists claim that the growing demand for meat is
contributing to biodiversity loss as this is a significant driver
of deforestation and habitat destruction; species-rich habitats,
such as significant portions of the Amazon rainforest, are being
converted to agricultural land for meat production.
科学家声称，对肉类需求的不断增加，导致了生物多样性的丧失，因为这是造成毁林和栖息地破坏的一个重要推动力。物种丰富的栖息地，如亚马逊热带雨林的重要地带，正在转化为农业耕地用于肉类生产。
根据世界野生动物基金会2016年“地球生命力指数”，自1970年以来，全球野生动物种群数量下降了58％，主要原因是栖息地的破坏，过度捕猎和污染。他们预测，如果目前的趋势继续下去，到2020年，67%的野生动物将会消失。
Another influence is over-hunting and poaching, which can
reduce the overall population of game animals, especially those
located near villages, as in the case of peccaries. The effects of
poaching can especially be seen in the ivory trade with African
elephants.
另一个影响是过度捕猎和偷猎，会造成野生动物总体数量的减少，特别是那些位于村庄附近的野生动物，如野猪。在非洲象象牙贸易中，偷猎的影响尤其明显。
Marine mammals are at risk from entanglement from fishing
gear, notably cetaceans, with discard mortalities ranging from
65,000 to 86,000 individuals annually.
Several courses of actions are being taken globally, notably
the Convention on Biological Diversity, otherwise known as the Rio
Accord, which includes 189 signatory countries that are focused on
identifying endangered species and habitats. Another notable
conservation organization is the IUCN, which has a membership of
over 1,200 governmental and non-governmental organizations.
全球正在采取一些行动，特别是《生物多样性公约》，也被称为里约热内卢协议，其中包括189个签约国，重点是识别濒危物种和栖息地。另一个著名的保护组织是IUCN，世界自然保护联盟，它拥有超过1200个政府和非政府组织的成员。
Recent extinctions can be directly attributable to human
influences. The IUCN characterizes 'recent' extinction as those
that have occurred past the cut-off point of 1500, and around 80
mammal species have gone extinct since that time and
2015.
最近的物种灭绝可以直接归因于人类的影响。
世界自然保护联盟称，“最近”的灭绝事件发生在1500年这一分界点，从那时起至今，大约有80种哺乳动物物种已经灭绝。
Some species, such as the Père David's deer are extinct in the
wild, and survive solely in captive populations. Other species,
such as the Florida panther, are ecologically extinct, surviving in
such low numbers that they essentially have no impact on the
ecosystem. Other populations are only locally extinct (extirpated),
still existing elsewhere, but reduced in distribution,as with the
extinction of gray whales in the Atlantic.
一些物种，比如戴维麋鹿已经在野外灭绝了，只能在圈养的种群中生存。
其他物种，如佛罗里达豹，生态上已经灭绝，生存数量如此之少，以致对生态系统没有任何影响。
其他种群只在本地灭绝，其他地方仍然存在，但分布减少，就像大西洋灰鲸的灭绝一样。
Mammal - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalhttp://s6/mw690/001qYuU1zy7qDcQ4QLja5&690
nanhai wetland scenic area 南海湿地风景区
China has set up its first national seed bank as part of the
country's efforts to protect biodiversity.
作为保护生物多样性的重要举措之一，中国建立了第一个国家级种质资源库。
Energy production is another area with a strong potential for
reducing human impacts on climate change while protecting
biodiversity.
能源生产领域在减少人类对气候变化的影响、保护生物多样性方面同样拥有巨大潜力。
Saving biodiversity, saving isolated patches of wilderness, is
extremely important for humanity.
保护生物多样性，拯救孤立的野生地带，对人类来说是极其重要的。
When we save tigers, we help save the biodiversity of their
prey populations and habitats.
当我们拯救老虎时，我们也帮助拯救了它们捕食的动物群和栖息地的生物多样性。
Natural reserves are very important for protection of
biosphere and bio-diversity.
建立自然保护区对保护生物圈及生物多样性具有十分重要的作用。
Many species are in peril of
extinction because of our destruction of their natural
habitat.
许多物种由于我们破坏了它们的自然环境，现在正面临灭绝的危险。
Many species have been shot to
the verge of extinction.
很多物种已经被猎杀到灭绝的边缘。
30 percent of reptiles, birds, and fish are currently
threatened with extinction.
目前，30%的爬行动物、鸟类和鱼类面临灭绝的危险。
Changes in land use may result in loss of habitat and
extinction of species.
土地使用的变化可能导致多种生物因栖息地减少而灭绝。
The negative effects of habitat fragmentation on wildlife are
focused by global ecologists and conservation
biologists.
栖息地破碎化给野生动物带来的不良后果是全球生态学家和保护生物学家共同关心的问题。
wetlands are important because they provide food and shelter
for wildlife.
湿地非常重要，因为它们为野生动物提供食物和住所。
Providing food and shelter for endangered birds is not the
only reason for us to protect the wetlands.
为濒临灭绝的鸟类提供食物和栖息地并不是我们保护湿地的唯一理由。
Three key functions of wetlands include flood control, water
quality improvement and ecological
diversity.
湿地的三大功能是：防洪、净化水质和保持生态多样性。
The jungle is the natural habitat of wild animals and
plants.
丛林是野兽和植物的自然栖息地。
And humans invade the natural habitat of
animals.
人类侵略了动物的自然环境。
It does matter if we destroy an endangered species habitat to
develop more farmland, housing or industrial
parks.
这确实是个问题，如果我们为了开发更多的农田，住房和工业区而去破坏濒危物种的栖息地。
Habitat assessment and prediction is the base for protection
of endangered species.
生境评价和预测是对濒危物种进行有效保护的基础。
We all know that conservation of biological diversity is vital
to protect ecological balance of our earth.
许多人都知道，保护生物的多样性，是保护地球生态平衡的一个重要因素。
It highlights the potential sustainability of our dependency
on forests and biodiversity, giving us a means to bolster our
conservation efforts while simultaneously demanding rapid
action.
启示人们要可持续性发展，要保护我们所依赖的森林，要保护生物的多样性，鞭策我们增强生态保护工作，呼唤我们迅速采取行动。
Among them, the forest ecosystem type accounting for the
largest share in the number and nature reserve area is the most
typical terrestrial and complex areas of biodiversity, the largest
reservoir for carbon, and the basic human security to the social
and economic development.
其中，森林生态类型自然保护区在数量与面积上占的比重最大，是陆地生态系统最典型、最复杂的生物多样性区域，最大的碳贮库，也是人类社会经济发展的基本保障。
As a special area of nature ecosystem and biodiversity, Nature
Reserve is the core area to protect biodiversity, and also a most
important part of government environment protection policy and
action according to the view of administration and economy.
自然保护区作为自然生态系统和生物多样性的典型区域，无论从行政上或经济上来看，都是政府环境保护政策和实践的重要组成部分，是承担保护生物多样性的核心的区域。
The widespread increase of various pollutants and poisonous or
toxic substances in the environment has had obvious local impacts
on biodiversity in acutely affected areas.
环境中各种污染物和有毒物质的普遍增加，在影响显著的地区已经严重地影响了生物的多样性。
Luckily, some people are
working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let
people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments
to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
幸运的是，有些人正在努力帮助和拯救动物。一些组织筹集资金让人们了解这个问题。他们试图让政府通过保护濒危动物的法律。
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the
killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the
number of some animals in danger is growing.
不少国家通过了法律。 这些法律禁止捕杀濒危名单上的任何动物或植物。 慢慢地，一些濒危动物的数量正在增加。
An operation is beginning to try to save a species of
crocodile from extinction.
一项努力拯救一个鳄鱼物种、使其免于灭绝的行动已经开始。
Their commitment was only to maintain the extent of forests,
not their biodiversity.
他们仅承诺维持现有森林面积，并不保证林区生物的多样性。
Urban biodiversity has been linked with ecosystem services and
green infrastructure.
城市生物多样性与生态系统公益和绿色基础设施息息相关。
The southern countries are biodiversity and cultural diversity
rich areas containing abundant indigenous knowledge.
南方各地是生物多样性和文化多样性极为丰富的地区，蕴藏着丰富的本土知识。
Biological invasion is a worldwide problem, say the
authors.
生物入侵已经成为一个世界性难题。
Their phenomenal growth allows them to overwhelm and displace
existing vegetation and form dense one-species
stands.
它们非凡的生长能力让它们超过和替代已存在的植被，并形成茂盛单一物种的植被。
[fɪˈnɔmənəl] adj. 现象的; 显著的;
异常的; 能知觉的;
The correct understanding of
landscape plant introduction and bio-invasion has an important
significance to China's urban landscape construction.
正确地认识园林植物引种工作和生物入侵，对我国城市的园林建设，具有重要的现实意义。
Seeking the organisms, which have excellent absorbency to the
heavy metals in the wastewater is a permanent work in the
research.
寻找对重金属具有特异性吸附与较强吸附能力的生物体是生物吸附领域的一个永恒课题。
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