Schooling and Education   学校教学和教育

    It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education。 Nevertheless， it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school。 The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important。

在美国大家都知道学校是人们接受教育的地方。然而，有人说今天孩子们中断了他们在学校的教育。这时候搞清楚在校教学和教育的区别显得很重要。

Education is much more open－ended and all－inclusive than schooling。 Education knows no bounds。 It can take place anywhere， whether in the shower or in the job， whether in a kitchen or on a tractor。 It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning。 The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio， from a child to a distinguished scientist。 Whereas schooling has a certain predictability， education quite often produces surprises。 A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions。 People are engaged in education from infancy on。 Education， then， is a very broad， inclusive term。 It is a lifelong process， a process that starts long before the start of school， and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life。

和在校教学相比，教育的内容和形式更为广泛。教育是永无止境的。它可以发生在任何地方，无论是在沐浴还是在工作，无论是在厨房还是在驾驶室。它既包括在校期间的正规教学也包括对世界万物的非正式的学习。教育的对象广泛，可以从一个受人尊敬的老爷爷，到在广播里参与辩论的政治家，也可以从一个幼儿到一名杰出的科学家。学校教学有一定的可预测性，然而教育往往产生奇迹。与陌生人的一次谈话可能会让你发现自己对其他宗教的无知。人们从婴儿起就开始接受教育。所以说教育，是一个非常广泛，包容性的术语。它是一个终身的过程，它不仅远远早于学校教育，而且伴随终生。

Schooling， on the other hand， is a specific， formalized process， whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next。 Throughout a country， children arrive at school at approximately the same time， take assigned seats， are taught by an adult， use similar textbooks， do homework， take exams， and so on。 The slices of reality that are to be learned， whether they are the alphabetoran understanding of the working of government， have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught。 For example， high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with。 There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling。