Conversely, some words have bad associations.

相反的，一些词汇有不好的联想意义。

Mother suggests pleasant things, but mother-in-law does not.

母亲暗含令人愉快的事物，但岳母则不同。

Many mothers-in-law are heroically lovable and some mothers drink gin all day and beat their children insensible, but these facts of life are beside the point. The thing is that mother sounds good and mother-in-law does not.

尽管许多岳母极其可爱，一些母亲整天喝酒、无节制地打孩子，但生活中的这些事实都改变不了母亲听起来是美好的而岳母截然相反。

Or consider the word intellectual.

再来分析一下“聪明的”这个词。

This would seem to be a complimentary term, but in point of fact it is not, for it has picked up associations of impracticality and ineffectuality and general dopiness.

由于具有不切实际、徒劳无益和愚蠢迟钝的联想意义，这个词看起来像是赞美的词汇，实际上并非如此。

The question of whether to use loaded words or not depends on what is being written.

是否使用引申义很多的词汇取决于所写内容。

The scientist and the scholar try to avoid them;

科学家和学者试图避免；

for the poet, the advertising writer, the public speaker, they are standard equipment.

对诗人、广告撰稿人、公众发言人来说，这些词是他们的标准装备。

But every writer should take care that they do not substitute for thought.

但是每一个写作者都要注意：词汇不能取代思想。

But probably most student writers come to grief not with words that are colorful or those that are colored but with those that have no color at all.

然而大多数学生写作者既不用生动的词汇，也不用有感情色彩的，而是用没有丝毫感情色彩的词汇，这样会失败的。

A pet example is nice, a word we would find it hard to dispense with in casual conversation but which is no longer capable of adding much to a description.

一个简单的例子是“nice”,这个词在日常生活对话中必不可少，但是却永远不能增加其他的描述。

Colorless words are those of such general meaning that in a particular sentence they mean nothing.

无感情色彩的词汇具有一般意义，但是在特定句子中，没有任何意义。

Slang adjectives, like "cool" (That's real cool), tend to explode all over the language.

俚语形容词，例如“cool”(那太酷了)，向语意的各个方面延伸。

They are applied to everything, lose their original force, and quickly die.

它被用于形容各种食物，脱离原始意义，就会转瞬即逝。

Beware also of nouns of very general meaning, like circumstances, cases, instances, aspects, factors, relationships, attitudes, eventualities, etc.

同时也要注意具有一般意义的名词，像情况、事例、实例、方面、因素、关系、态度、评价等等。

In most circumstances you will find that those cases of writing which contain too many instances of words like these will in this and other aspects have factors leading to unsatisfactory relationships with the reader resulting in unfavorable attitudes on his part and perhaps other eventualities, like a grade of "D".

很多情况下，你会发现这样的事例：像这样有过多关于词汇实例的写作，会引起与读者在诸多方面的不满意关系，也会导致对他的作品的不利态度或其他评价，就好像被评为分数“D”。

Notice also what "etc."means. It means I'd like to make this list longer, but I can't think of any more examples.

注意“.etc”的含义。它表示你想举出更多的例子，但是你不知道还能举出什么。