Reading

1. witness: vt to see sth happen, especially a crime or accident

eg: Police are appealing for information from anyone who witnessed the attack.

   Recent years have witnessed the rapid rise of China’s economy.

【拓展】witness：n 目击者

 

One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.

an eye witness  to the robbery

 

2. sort… out: to arrange or organize sth that is mixed up or untidy, so that it is ready to be used

eg: She spent a whole afternoon sorting out her stamps

3. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself  out of the water and then crashing down again.

opposite: prep /adv/adj  if one thing or person is opposite another, they are facing each other:

eg:  The people who sat opposite us looked very familiar.

    Put the piano opposite the sofa.

During the winter there wasn't enough rain, but now we have the opposite problem.

【拓展】

oppose: vt 反对

 

4. George didn’t like being kept waiting,…

当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时，动名词则要用被动式。如 

eg:He didn’t mind being left at home. 

把他留在家里他并不介意。

It felt funny being called uncle. 

被人叫作叔叔感到怪怪的。
This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。

【两点注意】
1. 在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require后接动名词时，习惯上要用主动式  表示被动意义(但若用不定式，则用被动式表示被动意义)。如：
　  　The outside of the house needs painting [to be painted] . 

这房子外面需要油漆了。
　　  The machine requires repairing [to be repaired]. 

这机器需要修理了。

2. 在be worth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义。如：
This might be worth thinking about. 

这可能值得考虑。

1). The bird was lucky enough that it just missed _A____.

A. being caught  B. to be caught

C.catching     D. to catch

2). I couldn’t help ___C__ by his speech.

A. moving      B. to move 

C. being moved  D. to be moved

3). I am not used ___A__ to like that.

A. to being spoken   B. to speak

C. being spoken     D. to speaking

 

5. Using a telescope we could see that sth was happening.

分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的,主要看与句子主语的主被动关系。

 

 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.

  Seen from the top, the city looks nice.

 【时间状语】

 

Working hard, you will succeed.

【条件状语】

 

Being very weak, she couldn't move。

Much discouraged, she moved on to London

 [原因状语]

 

He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.

He came in, followed by his son.

【伴随状语】

(Although) living miles away, he attended the course. 

虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。

When __C_____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)

A. compared      B. being compared

C. comparing      D. having compared

 My cousin came to see me from the country, _B_____ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷)

A. brought      B. bringing     

 C. to bring      D. had brought

(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ___A___ the same thing. (2006江苏卷)

A. saying      B. said     

C. to say      D. having said

(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, __A_____ that all children like these things. (2006全国卷)

A. thinking     B. think   

C. to think      D. thought

6. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.

draw near/closer: to become closer in time or space:

eg: Maria grew anxious as the men drew closer.

    May 1(May Day) is drawing near.

7. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.

   As he was ill, he didn't go to school

== Being ill, he didn't go to school

 Because he knew that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.

==Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out. 

他因为知道要下雨，决定不外出。

Since he was inspired by his classmates, he has decided to go and work in the grass-root

==Inspired by his classmates, he has decided to go and work in the grass-root. 由于受到其他同学的鼓舞，他决定到基层工作 。

 Because so many people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

==So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

There being no danger, the police went back to their police office

Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 

（句中“冬天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，故用现在分词）

 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 

 

Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.

独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。

[同步练习]

1. The weather ____ so bad, we had to put the game off.

  A. was      B. is      C. were      D. being

2. There ____ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.

 A. was     B. being   

C. were     D. had been

3. The problem ____, the meeting came to the end.

  A. settled        B. was settled   

C. being settled     D. setting

4. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ____ and his hands ____.

  A. being closed；trembling        

  B. closed；trembling

  C. closed；trembled               

 D. closing；trembled

 

8. There was one day when we were out in the bay during a hunt and James was washed off the boat.

9. urge: vt  to strongly suggest that sb does sth

  urge sb to do sth

  urge that…(should)

eg:   I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.

I wrote a letter to Tom hoping to get some help.

He urged that the wounded were sent to hospital.

The news called for urgent action   to reduce lead in petrol.

[词汇拓展]

urgent: adj very important and needing to be dealt with immediately

eg: This work is not urgent; we can do it tomorrow

They've made an urgent request for international aid.

10. I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.

1) terrify: -- terrified—terrified: to make sb extremely afraid:

eg: Speaking in public terrifies me.

   The thief was terrified of being caught.

terrifying screams

 2). abandon: 放弃, 抛弃

① to leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for:

eg: How could she abandon her own child?

Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed

那些自暴自弃的人无法成功.

② to go away from a place, vehicle etc permanently, especially because the situation makes it impossible for you to stay [= leave]:

eg: Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city.