英语句子的顺序和汉语类似都是主语在前，谓语在后

  a. The boy came in.

  b. In came the boy

 

  a. I will never forget that day .

  b. Never will I forget that day.

  

   a. We can succeed only by hard work.

   b. Only by hard work can we succeed.

五大句型： 主语+谓语

倒装的意义:强调突出某一部分或保持句子的平衡结构

倒装分为:

①全部倒装(结构:谓语动词/be+主语)

②部分倒装 (助动词/情态动词/be+主语+谓语)

 

一：全部倒装

是指整个谓语放到主语的前面，即谓语在前，主语在后。有下列几种：

1)状语+谓语(必须是vi.)+主语(必须是n.)

  地点状语 here/there/in front of…

  方向状语away/in/out/down/up/off…

  时间状语now/then/next/thus(这样)

Eg: A good many buildings stand there.

   There are/stand a good many buildings.

   There goes the bell!

   Away went the girl.

   Now comes our monitor.

  Thus ended the meeting.

   Here we are.

(2)表语+系动词+主语(n.)  

  Eg: Among the speakers was China's then Premier Zhu Rongji.

     Present at the meeting was Mr. Wang.

     Fastened to the pole was the national flag.

 

*注意：（1）在此句式中全倒装必须符合三个条件：

1. 表示时间、地点或方向的副词位于句首

2. 名词作主语 3. 谓语为不及物动词且时态为一般现在时或过去时。

（2）主语是人称代词时不倒装。

   Here it is.    Away he went.

 

二：部分倒装

即将谓语的一部分（如情态动词/助动词）提到主语之前。是倒装句的重点，也是高考考查的热点之一。部分倒装主要有以下几种情况：

1．   在疑问句中：

   What does your father do?

    How are you?  Would you like a cup of tea or a beer?

2. only +状语在句首

    Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

    Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

注意：如果only 后没有状语即使在句首也不倒装，或Only修饰状语位于句末亦不倒装。 例如：

     Only a doctor can do it.  You can do it successfully only in this way.

3. 否定副词在句首。这类副词主要有：hardly, seldom, little, not , not, neither, not only，  no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely …when, at no time 等。

     Little does he care about what others think.

     Not a single mistake did he make.    Never shall I forget it.

     Not until he came back did I leave.

     At no time should you leave your post.

     Hardly had I reached home than it began to rain.

注意：此类倒装中尤其要注意

    not until 的倒装情况：until所在部分不倒装。

    Hardly/Scarcely…when ,No sooner …than…句式中主从句的时态问题：hardly/scarcely/no sooner 所 在部分用过去完成时，when/than 后的句子用过去时。

4. 由so/neither/nor 引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或东西）.

     She is a teacher. So is her brother.   You can’t drive. Neither /Nor can I .

  注意：如果是重复相同的意思，不倒装。例如：

      ---It was cold yesterday.

      ---So it was.

     此类句式和下列句式的区别：

     If you (don’t) go there, (neither/nor)/so will/shall I.

5. so …that 句型，如果so 在句首。

     So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

     So shallow was the water that there were no fish in the lake.

注意本句式是so 所在的句子部分倒装，that 后的句子不倒装。

6. 一些表示祝愿的句子。

     May you succeed!      May you all be happy!   Long live the Party!

7. 省略了if 的虚拟条件句。

     Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.=If I had been informed…

     Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.=If anyone should call, …

     Were I not busy with my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you asked me to.

    =If I were not busy…

8. 注意下面的几种情况：类似倒装或称之为“伪倒装”：只把表语、宾语、状语提至句首。这类情况既不是全倒装，也不同于部分倒装，只把主语、表语、状语提到句首，谓语动词并不倒装。

   (1) as 引导的让步状语从句

     Child as he is, he is very brave.    Young as he is, he knows a lot.

   (2) however与no matter how 引导的让步状语从句

     However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart.

   = No matter how great the …

   (3) 感叹句：

     What a warm welcome they received!    How fast he ran!  

   (4) the more…the more…

     The farther away a thing is, the smaller it looks.

【随堂练】

1.--I used to smoke a lot.

--__________.

 A.So did I    B. So do I    C. So used I       D. So I did

2.--You forgot your purse when you went out.

--Good heavens, __________.

A.so did I      B.so I did        C. I did so   D. I so did

3.--David has made great progress recently.

--_______ and _______.

A. So he has; so you have          B. So he has; so have you

C. So he has; so do you            D. So has he; so you have

4. If Bob’s wife doesn’t agree to sign the papers,  _____.

A. neither he will    B. neither does he

C. nor will he        D. he won’t neither

5. ___ snacks and drink, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (04上海)

  A. Not only they brought         B. Not only did they bring

  C. Not only brought they         D. Not only they did bring

 6. Not only ___ interested in football but ___ beginning to show an interest in it.

   A. the teacher himself is, all his students are

   B. the teacher himself is, are all his students

   C. is the teacher himself, are all his students

   D. is the teacher himself, all his students are

7. Not until all the fish died in the river ___ how serious the pollution was.

  A. the villagers did realize            B. the villagers realized

  C. did the villagers realize            D. didn’t the villagers realize

8. Only when the war was over ___ to his hometown.

   A. did the young soldier return     B. the young soldier returned

   C. returned the young soldier      D. the young soldier did return

 

ＫＥＹＳ：　ＡＢ B Ｃ　　　ＢＤＣＡ

 

[课后练习]

1. Unsatisfied ___ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.

     A. though was he     B. though he was     C. he was though     D. was he though

2.  The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ___, but students became more   interested in the lesson.

   A. saved was teachers’ energy          B. was teachers’ energy saved

   C. teachers’ energy was saved          D. was saved teachers’ energy.

3. Not until the motorbike looked almost new___ repairing and cleaning it.

      A.he stopped       B. did he stop     C. stopped he     D. he did stop

4. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ____.

A. he will either      B. neither will he    

C. he neither will      D. either he will

5. ___ you eat the correct foods __ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

 A. Only if, will you     B. Only if, you will    

 C. Unless, will you      D. Unless , you will

6. ___ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.

A. So successful her business was

B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful

D. So was her successful business

7.  ____, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

   A. Strange as might it sound         B. As it might sound strange

   C. A strange it might sound          D. Strange as it might sound

8. ---Father, you promised!

  ---Well, ___. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.

   A.  so was I       B. so did I       C. so I was      D. so I did

9. ___ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to South Africa for further research.

  A.So curious the couple was            B. So curious were the couple

  C. How curious the couple were          D. The couple was such curious

10. In the dark forests___, some large enough to hold several English towns.

   A. stand many lakes      B. lie many lakes       C. many lakes lie      D. many lakes stand

11. Not until I read the newspaper ____Shenzhou VI would be launched.

   A. did I know     B. I knew      C. I know      D. knew I

12.  I failed in the final examination last term and only then ___ the importance of studies. (’ 04,重庆)

 A. I realized     B. I had realized    C. had I realized  D. did I realize

 

13. Seldom ___ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.

  A. would I make     B. had I made     C. I did make     D. shall I make

14. ___ that he found it difficult to stop at the red light.

   A. so fast he was driving       B. so fast he drove   

    C. so fast was he driving      D. so fast drive he

15. They waited and waited, __ they had been looking forward to.

  A. then came the hour      B. then did come the hour   

  C. then the hour came      D. the hour then came

16. ___, I have never seen anyone capable as John.

  A. As long as I have traveled      B. Now that I have traveled so much

  C. Much as I have traveled         D. As I have traveled so much

17. ___, I will learn it well.

A. Whatever difficult English is      B. No matter how difficult is English

C. However difficult English is       D. Difficult as is English

18. ---Why can’t I smoke here?

   ---At no time ___ in the meeting room.

 A. is smoking permitted       B. smoking is permitted     

 C. smoking is it permitted    D. does smoking permit

19. On top of the hill ___ where the old man once lived.

  A. a temple stands there B. a temple standing    C. stands a temple    D. does a temple stand

20. ---Can you tell me where my uncle is?

   ---Yes, of course,___.

  A. here your uncle comes      B. here comes your uncle   

  C. comes your uncle here      D. your uncle here comes

keys: BBBBA,   BDDBB,    ADBCA,   CCACB