主从复合句（大鱼吃小鱼）

  主从复合句是由一个主句（大鱼）和一个或一个以上的从句（小鱼）构成的。主句是句子的主体，从句可视为句子的一个句子成分。从句在主从复合句中可以起主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语作用。从句在全句中起什么作用，就叫做什么从句。例如从句起状语作用就叫状语从句。从句都需要有连词来和主句连接。

                                    

                                 定语从句

在主从复合句中修饰名词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。

   This is a factory.

   I worked in the factory once.

※This is the factory in which/where I worked once.

  

    This is a factory.

   The factory makes100 cars every day.

 ※This is the factory which/that_ makes 100 cars every day

以上两句中划横线的句子就是两个定语从句，它们的先行词都是“factory”.

但两个从句的连词不一样，分别是”where”和”which”或”that”。这是由于先行词还原于定语从句时，在从句中充当的句子成分不同所致。

定语从句的连词主要有两个作用：

 1.   和其它种类的从句(还有状语从句和名词性从句)连词一样，起连接两个句子（即大鱼和小鱼）的作用。

 2. 还在定语从句中要担当句子成分，连词的选择由先行词在定语从句担当的句子成分来决定的。定语从句的连词本身不具有意思，仅起连接和充当句子成分两个作用。

This is the expert who will give us a talk on science and technology.

 

 定语从句类题目的做法（三步走）

1.先确定先行词。

2.再确定定语从句。

3. 最后由先行词在定语从句中充当的句子成分来确定关系词。

1. This is the doctor who/that saved the boy’s life. 

2. The man (whom) we want to visit is a famous scientist.

3. The man whose leg broke in a match used to be a player.

4. This is a book which/that tells about IT.

5. I will never forget the day when/on which I joined the League.

6. I don’t know the reason why/for which Tom didn’t attend the party.

 

先行词	在定从中充当的成分	连词
人	做主语	who
人	做宾语	whom
物	做主语和宾语	which
人；物	做主语和宾语	that
人；物	做定语	whose
地点	做地点状语	where
时间	做时间状语	when
reason	做原因状语	why

way                   做方式状语                            in which  that  省略

She has a son who is a doctor.（儿子不止一个）限定性定从，起修饰作用

She has a son, who(=and he) is a doctor.（就一个儿子）非限定性定从，起补充作用，翻译

                                                     成两句话 

1. Xi’an, ___ last year, is a beautiful old  city.

 A. that I visited     B. which I visited

 C. where I visited   D.in which I visited

2. That book, ___ covers are made of sheep’s skin, is very old.

  A. whose       B. of which  

  C. in which      D. on which

3. We’re talking about the painting and the artist ___ we saw last night.

   A. which      B. whom  

   C. who        D. that

4. I don’t like ___ you learn English.

 A. the way       B. the way in that

 C. the way which  D. the way of which

5. The way ___ you thought of to solve the problem is  wonderful.

A. which     B. in which  

C. whom     D. whose

6. This is Doctor Li, ___ I think is the best in the hospital.

   A. that     B. which 

   C. who     D. whom

7. I’ll never forget the days __ I spent with you at college.

8. I’ll never forget the days ___ we fought against the SARS

   A. which           B. on which  

   C. during that     D. when

9. Have you ever visited the factory ___ set up by some workers two years ago?

10. Have you ever visited the factory ___

   the first car made in China was born.

A. where was   B. which  

C. that was     D. where

11. They rushed over to help the man ___ car had broken down.

A. which     B. that  

C. of that    D. whose

12. The girl made a hole in the wall, ___ she could see ___ was going on inside the house.

A. which; what  

B. through which; what

C. through that; what     D. what; that

13. The Chinese, through hard work, have seen the country’s rapid rise in economy, ___ we are all proud.

A. of which    B. of that 

C. of whom    D. about which

 

①This is the girl__from _ _whom__ I learned the news.

② He is the man _on__ _whom__ you can depend.

③ This is the book _on__ _which__I paid ￥25

  

14. The days are gone ___ China had no

   oil.

  A. to   B. that   C. which  D. when

15. It is the hotel ____ I stayed in Xinxiang.

16.  It is in the hotel ___ I stayed in Xinxiang.

   A. which      B. that

   C. in which    D. /

17. The room, ____ window faces south, is mine.

18. The room, ____ the window faces south, is mine.

   A. which      B. that

   C. whose      D. of which

 

 

19. ___ is known to all, paper was first made in China.

 A. It   B. As  C. Whom   D. What

It is known to all that paper was first made in China.

 

20. ___ was expected, she did it successfully.

  A. Which   B. As   C. It   D. What

21. He gave us such data ___ would help us in our study.

A. what     B. which  

C. as     D. like

22. She is wearing the same coat __ she wore yesterday.

   A. that   B. which   C. as   D. like

定语从句中连词“as”的用法。

  ①在非限定从句中，指代整个主句的概念，不指代单个先行词(有“正如…”的意思)。

  ②在限定定从中当先行词前有the same; such; so; 且先行词还原定语从句时充当主语或宾语时，用as

23. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ___ was true.

A. he       B. this  

C. which   D. who

24. The only thing ___ is wrong with this is what my brother said to me the other day.

A. which   B. what  

C. that   D. where

25. There is no road ___ is possible to be built during one day in the world.

 A. which   B. where   C. that   D. /

26. They recently built up a small factory ___ produced things ___ could cause pollution.

A. that; which  B. where; that 

C. which; that   D. where; which

【注意】只用that的情况

  ① 当先行词是all, few, little, much, none, …thing 时

  ② 当先行词被形容词最高级，序数词所修饰时

  ③当先行词被 every, no any, only, very, right所修饰时

27. John is an ordinary-looking man, ___ there is a pair of thick glasses.

A. on the nose of which     

B. on whom’s nose

C. on the nose of whom      

D. on the nose of who

28. The journey took her four months, ___ the sailing time was 79 days.

A. of which   B. during which 

C. from which   D. for which

29. He is the very man ___ I found my missing wallet.

A. in whom’s pocket     

B. in whose pocket

C. in his pocket        

 D. in which pocket

30. ___ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.

   A. It   B. As   C. That   D. What

31. The Beatles, ___ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

   A. what   B. that   C. how   D. as

32. ___ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

   A. It   B. As   C. That   D. What

33. She has got the same result ___ I got yesterday.

   A. that   B. as   C. which   D. like

34. This is the same room ___ we lived in last year.

   A. as   B. which   C. that  D. which / that

35. We’re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk.

   A. where     B. that   C. when      D. which

36. We are living in an age ___ many things are done on computer.

   A. which     B. that   C. whose     D. when

37. I can think of many cases ___ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expression_r_rs but couldn’t write a good essay.

   A. why     B. which   C. as       D. where

38. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ___ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

   A. where     B. which  C. while      D. why

 

Answers:BADDA CADCD DBADC BCDBB CCCCC CCABB DBBAA DDA