Suffix—后缀篇

1.      名词词尾

1.1              表示”人”的名次词尾

1.1.1        –ain    captain

1.1.2        –aire   millionaire, billionaire

1.1.3        –an, ian –ean  American, Asian, Indian, physician, vegetarian, European

1.1.4        –ant    servant, peasant, tenant, immigrant, emigrant, assistant

1.1.5        –ar     beggar, liar, scholar, burglar

1.1.6        –ard, -art  coward, steward, wizard, braggart

1.1.7        –ary    contemporary, secretary, functionary

1.1.8        –ate    advocate, candidate, delegate, private

1.1.9        –ee     employee, trainee, trustee

1.1.10    –eer     auctioneer, engineer, pioneer, volunteer

1.1.11    –en     citizen, warden

1.1.12    –ent    agent, client, resistant, student

1.1.13    –er     customer, baker, barber, leader, gardener, lodger

1.1.14    –ese    Chinese, Japanese, Portuguess

1.1.15    –ess    actress, goddess, princess, stewardess

1.1.16    –eur    amateur, connoisseur

1.1.17    –herd   cowherd, shepherd

1.1.18    –ier     cashier, financier, premier, soldier

1.1.19    –iff     bailiff, plaintiff, sheriff

1.1.20    –ist     scientist, artist, tourist

1.1.21    –ite     laborite, Israelite

1.1.22    –ive    captive, detective, native, operative, relative

1.1.23    –man, -sman  salesman, policeman, postman, fisherman, gentleman, freshman

1.1.24    –on    champion, companion, surgeon

1.1.25    –or, -our  conqueror, governor, editor, neighbour

1.1.26    –ster   gangster, songster, youngster, gamester

1.1.27    –y, -yer   enemy, lady, lawyer, sawyer

1.2              表示”小”,”缩小”的名次词尾

1.2.1        –cle    article, miracle, particle, vehicle

1.2.2        –el, -le  model, vessel, bottle, riddle

1.2.3        –en, -in  chicken, kitten, violin

1.2.4        –et, -ette blanket, cabinet, islet, tablet, ticket

1.2.5        –kin    napkin, lambkin, manikin, cannikin, pumpkin

1.2.6        –let    booklet, bullet, leaflet, hamlet

1.2.7        –ling   darling, duckling, seedling, yearling

1.2.8        –ock   bullock, hillock

1.2.9        –ule   molecule

1.2.10    –ie, -y  daddy, kitty, birdie

1.3              表示抽象名词词尾

1.3.1        –ace    grimace

1.3.2        –ade    arcade, decade

1.3.3        -age    courage, damage, marriage, personage, shortage

1.3.4        –al     approval, arrival, betrayal, denial, refusal, trial, survival

1.3.5        –ance, -ancy  absence, allowance, confidence, excellence

1.3.6        –cy     bankruptcy, fallacy

1.3.7        –dom   freedom, wisdom

1.3.8        –hood, -head  childhood, neighborhood, manhood, godhead(=godhood)

1.3.9        –ic(s) 学科类  logic, magic, music, physics, hysteric, lyric  

1.3.10    –ice, -ise  justice, service, treatise

1.3.11    –ing      aging, bearing, calling, clothing, thanksgiving

1.3.12    –ion      civilization, extension, protection

1.3.13    –ism, -asm communism, optimism, passivism, enthusiasm

1.3.14    –ment    movement, achievement, arrangement, attachment

1.3.15    –ness  adj.-->n.  brightness, business, goodness, politeness  

1.3.16    –o(u)r    favor, endeavor, behavior, odor

1.3.17    –ry       rivalry, mystery, misery, luxury, slavery

1.3.18    –ship     friendship, championship, citizenship, scholarship, relationship

1.3.19    –t, -th    flight, gift, theft, strength, youth

1.3.20    –ty       loyalty, poverty, safety, anxiety, maturity, personality

1.3.21    –ure      nature, mixture, furniture, creature

1.4              表示集合名词词尾

1.4.1        –age    foliage(leaf集体名词)

1.4.2        –ary    dictionary, vocabulary,

1.4.3        –ry     poultry

1.5              表示地点的名词词尾

1.5.1        –ace    furnace

1.5.2        –age    village, cottage

1.5.3        –ary    library

1.5.4        –dom   kingdom, stardom, filmdom

1.5.5        –ery    bakery, cemetery, gallery

1.5.6        –ory    dormitory, factory, territory

1.5.7        –um    aquarium, gymnasium, museum, sanatorium

1.5.8        –y      abbey, county, balcony

2.      形容词词尾

2.1              –able, -ible   hospitable, imaginable, horrible, incredible, possible

2.2              –al, -ial      brutal, eternal, mortal, aerial

2.3              –an, -ian     European, suburban, Egyptian

2.4              –ant, -ent    brilliant, excellent, tolerant

2.5              –ar          circular, familiar, muscular, polar

2.6              –ary         customary, imaginary, necessary, voluntary

2.7              –ate, -ete, -ute  accurate, considerate, complete, minute

2.8              –ese  Chinese

2.9              –fold  twofold

2.10          –ful   awful, handful, fateful, careful

2.11          –ic    alcoholic, athletic, atomic, automatic

2.12          –ical   logical, biological, chemical

2.13          –id    humid, solid, timid, vivid

2.14          –ile   facile, fertile, fragile

2.15          –ine   feminine,

2.16          –ing   amazing, crying, interesting

2.17          –ior   superior, senior, junior, inferior

2.18          –ique, -esque  antique

2.19          -ish    childish, bookish, selfish

2.20          –ite    favorite, polite

2.21          –ive    aggressive, defective, exclusive

2.22          –less   shameless, harmless, noiseless

2.23          –like    childlike, ladylike, womanlike

2.24          –ly      costly, cowardly, friendly

2.25          –most   almost, foremost, utmost

2.26          –ory (用在s和t后面)   compulsory, contradictory, satisfactory

2.27          –ous    cautious, gorgeous, serious

2.28          –proof   waterproof, windproof, fireproof

2.29          –some   handsome, awesome, wholesome

2.30          –ward   awkward, backward, eastward

2.31          –y       bloody, cloudy, icy, greedy, foggy

3.      副词词尾

3.1              –ence   hence, whence, thence

3.2              –ling, -long  darkling, flatling, sideling, sidelong

3.3              –ly      actually, shortly

3.4              –s       besides, needs, nowadays, indoors,

3.5              –ward(s)  forwards, eastwards

3.6              –way(s), -wise  always, anyway, crosswise, likewise, otherwise

4.      动词词尾

4.1              –ate  hesitate, celebrate

4.2              –en   widen, broaden, fasten

4.3              –er   chatter, glitter

4.4              –(i)fy  purify, clarify, classify

4.5              –ish   polish, cherish, banish, diminish, punish

4.6              –ize, ise  civilize, organize, specialize

4.7              –le  反复的动作 dazzle, sparkle, twinkle