中国注册会计师审计准则第1251号——评价审计过程中识别出的错报(2010年11月1日修订)
CHINA CPA STANDARD ON AUDITING 1251 - EVALUATION OF MISSTATEMENTS IDENTIFIED DURING THE AUDIT (As Revised November 1, 2010)
第一章 总 则
Chapter I General Provisions
第一条 为了规范注册会计师评价识别出的错报对审计的影响以及未更正错报对财务报表的影响,制定本准则。
Article 1 This China CPA Standard on Auditing (CSA) deals with the CPA’s responsibility to evaluate the effect of identified misstatements on the audit and of uncorrected misstatements, if any, on the financial statements.
第二条 《中国注册会计师审计准则第1501号——对财务报表形成审计意见和出具审计报告》规定了在对财务报表形成审计意见时,注册会计师应当针对财务报表整体是否不存在重大错报,确定是否已就此获取合理保证得出结论。
注册会计师按照《中国注册会计师审计准则第1501号——对财务报表形成审计意见和出具审计报告》的规定得出的结论,考虑了对未更正错报的评价及其对财务报表的影响。
《中国注册会计师审计准则第1221号——计划和执行审计工作时的重要性》规范了注册会计师在计划和执行财务报表审计工作时恰当运用重要性概念的责任。
Article 2 CSA 1501 deals with the CPA’s responsibility, in forming an opinion on the financial statements, to conclude whether reasonable assurance has been obtained about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement.
The CPA’s conclusion required by CSA 1501 takes into account the CPA’s evaluation of uncorrected misstatements, if any, on the financial statements, in accordance with this CSA.
CSA 1221 deals with the CPA’s responsibility to apply the concept of materiality appropriately in planning and performing an audit of financial statements.
第二章 定 义
Chapter II Definitions
第三条 错报,是指某一财务报表项目的金额、分类、列报或披露,与按照适用的财务报告编制基础应当列示的金额、分类、列报或披露之间存在的差异;或根据注册会计师的判断,为使财务报表在所有重大方面实现公允反映,需要对金额、分类、列报或披露作出的必要调整。错报可能是由于错误或舞弊导致的。
Article 3 Misstatement means a difference between the amount, classification, presentation, or disclosure of a reported financial statement item and the amount, classification, presentation, or disclosure that is required for the item to be in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework; or an adjustment of the amount, classification, presentation, or disclosure that, in the CPA’s judgment, is necessary for the financial statements to be presented fairly, in all material respects, or to give a true and fair view. Misstatements can arise from error or fraud.
第四条 未更正错报,是指注册会计师在审计过程中累积的且被审计单位未予更正的错报。
Article 4 Uncorrected misstatements means misstatements that the CPA has accumulated during the audit and that have not been corrected.
第三章 目 标
Chapter III Objective
第五条 注册会计师的目标是:
(一)评价识别出的错报对审计的影响;
(二)评价未更正错报对财务报表的影响。
Article 5 The objective of the CPA is to evaluate:
(1) The effect of identified misstatements on the audit; and
(2) The effect of uncorrected misstatements, if any, on the financial statements.
第四章 要 求
Chapter IV Requirements
第一节 累积识别出的错报
Section 1 Accumulation of Identified Misstatements
第六条 注册会计师应当累积审计过程中识别出的错报,除非错报明显微小。
Article 6 The CPA shall accumulate misstatements identified during the audit, other than those that are clearly trivial.
第二节 随着审计的推进考虑识别出的错报
Section 2 Consideration of Identified Misstatements as the Audit Progresses
第七条 如果出现下列情况之一,注册会计师应当确定是否需要修改总体审计策略和具体审计计划:
(一)识别出的错报的性质以及错报发生的环境表明可能存在其他错报,并且可能存在的其他错报与审计过程中累积的错报合计起来可能是重大的;
(二)审计过程中累积的错报合计数接近按照《中国注册会计师审计准则第1221号——计划和执行审计工作时的重要性》的规定确定的重要性。
Article 7 The CPA shall determine whether the overall audit strategy and audit plan need to be revised if:
(1) The nature of identified misstatements and the circumstances of their occurrence indicate that other misstatements may exist that, when aggregated with misstatements accumulated during the audit, could be material; or
(2) The aggregate of misstatements accumulated during the audit approaches materiality determined in accordance with CSA 1221.
第八条 如果管理层应注册会计师的要求,检查了某类交易、账户余额或披露并更正了已发现的错报,注册会计师应当实施追加的审计程序,以确定错报是否仍然存在。
Article 8 If, at the CPA’s request, management has examined a class of transactions, account balance or disclosure and corrected misstatements that were detected, the CPA shall perform additional audit procedures to determine whether misstatements remain.
第三节 沟通和更正错报
Section 3 Communication and Correction of Misstatements
第九条 除非法律法规禁止,注册会计师应当及时将审计过程中累积的所有错报与适当层级的管理层进行沟通。注册会计师还应当要求管理层更正这些错报。
Article 9 The CPA shall communicate on a timely basis all misstatements accumulated during the audit with the appropriate level of management, unless prohibited by law or regulation. The CPA shall request management to correct those misstatements.
第十条 如果管理层拒绝更正沟通的部分或全部错报,注册会计师应当了解管理层不更正错报的理由,并在评价财务报表整体是否不存在重大错报时考虑该理由。
Article 10 If management refuses to correct some or all of the misstatements communicated by the CPA, the CPA shall obtain an understanding of management’s reasons for not making the corrections and shall take that understanding into account when evaluating whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement.
第四节 评价未更正错报的影响
Section 4 Evaluating the Effect of Uncorrected Misstatements
第十一条 在评价未更正错报的影响之前,注册会计师应当重新评估按照《中国注册会计师审计准则第1221号——计划和执行审计工作时的重要性》的规定确定的重要性,以根据被审计单位的实际财务结果确认其是否仍然适当。
Article 11 Prior to evaluating the effect of uncorrected misstatements, the CPA shall reassess materiality determined in accordance with CSA 1221 to confirm whether it remains appropriate in the context of the entity’s actual financial results.
第十二条 注册会计师应当确定未更正错报单独或汇总起来是否重大。在确定时,注册会计师应当考虑:
(一)相对特定类别的交易、账户余额或披露以及财务报表整体而言,错报的金额和性质以及错报发生的特定环境;
(二)与以前期间相关的未更正错报对相关类别的交易、账户余额或披露以及财务报表整体的影响。
Article 12 The CPA shall determine whether uncorrected misstatements are material, individually or in aggregate. In making this determination, the CPA shall consider:
(1) The size and nature of the misstatements, both in relation to particular classes of transactions, account balances or disclosures and the financial statements as a whole, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence; and
(2) The effect of uncorrected misstatements related to prior periods on the relevant classes of transactions, account balances or disclosures, and the financial statements as a whole.
第十三条 除非法律法规禁止,注册会计师应当与治理层沟通未更正错报,以及这些错报单独或汇总起来可能对审计意见产生的影响。注册会计师在沟通时应当逐项指明重大的未更正错报。注册会计师应当要求被审计单位更正未更正错报。
Article 13 The CPA shall communicate with those charged with governance uncorrected misstatements and the effect that they, individually or in aggregate, may have on the opinion in the CPA’s report, unless prohibited by law or regulation. The CPA’s communication shall identify material uncorrected misstatements individually. The CPA shall request that uncorrected misstatements be corrected.
第十四条 注册会计师应当与治理层沟通与以前期间相关的未更正错报对相关类别的交易、账户余额或披露以及财务报表整体的影响。
Article 14 The CPA shall also communicate with those charged with governance the effect of uncorrected misstatements related to prior periods on the relevant classes of transactions, account balances or disclosures, and the financial statements as a whole.
第五节 书面声明
Section 5 Written Representations
第十五条 注册会计师应当要求管理层和治理层(如适用)提供书面声明,说明其是否认为未更正错报单独或汇总起来对财务报表整体的影响不重大。这些错报项目的概要应当包含在书面声明中或附在其后。
Article 15 The CPA shall request a written representation from management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance whether they believe the effects of uncorrected misstatements are immaterial, individually and in aggregate, to the financial statements as a whole. A summary of such items shall be included in or attached to the written representation.
第六节 审计工作底稿
Section 6 Documentation
第十六条 注册会计师应当就下列事项形成审计工作底稿:
(一)设定的某一金额,低于该金额的错报视为明显微小;
(二)审计过程中累积的所有错报,以及是否已得到更正;
(三)注册会计师就未更正错报单独或汇总起来是否重大得出的结论,以及得出结论的基础。
Article 16 The CPA shall include in the audit documentation:
(1) The amount below which misstatements would be regarded as clearly trivial;
(2) All misstatements accumulated during the audit and whether they have been corrected; and
(3) The CPA’s conclusion as to whether uncorrected misstatements are material, individually or in aggregate, and the basis for that conclusion.
第五章 附 则
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
第十七条 本准则自2012年1月1日起施行。
Article 17 This CSA is effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2012.
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