some 一词的特殊用法与too的含义及用法
(2011-07-22 21:31:30)
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杂谈 |
I have some oranges.
Do you have any oranges?
I haven't any oranges.
If I had some(any)money,I could buy it.
其实,some还有许多其它的用法。请看:
一、some作形容词
1.some用于疑问句中表示请求、邀请、建议或期望得到对方肯定的答复。例句:
Could I have some milk?(请求)我可以喝点牛奶吗?
Would you like some coffee?(邀请)您想喝点咖啡吗?
Will you please buy me some apples?(期望对方肯定回答)请你给我买些苹果好吗?
Didn't she give you some money?(表示反问)难道她没有给你一些钱吗?
2.some与单数可数名词连用,相当于a(an),a certain,意思为"某一",表示未知的或说话者不特别说明的人或物。例句:
The man is living at some place in Beijing.这个人住在北京某地。
The meeting will be held some day next week.会议将在下周某一天举行。
3.some还可以表示赞许(美语中),意思为"了不起的"、"很好的"。此外,它又含有"相当(数和量)的"之意。例句:
My husband is some cook.我丈夫的烹调手艺不错。
That was some meal I had last night.昨天晚上我吃了一顿很好的晚餐。
My home is some distance from our school.我家离学校相当远。
4.some与the rest,other(s)对照使用,意思为"有的"、"有些"。例句:
Some children learn English easily,and others with difficulty.有的孩子学习英语很轻松,而有的很困难。
二、some作副词
1.some用于数字或few之前,相当于about,意思为"大约"。例句:
He waited some ten minutes.他等了大约10分钟。
She has lived there for some fifty years.她住在那里大约50年了。
2.some可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级,此时应译为"稍微"、"有些"。例句:
I'm feeling some what better today.今天我觉得稍微好些。
My watch is some what slower.我的表稍稍慢一些。
3.some又可以修饰动词,常用于美语中,意思为"一会儿"、"有点儿"。例句:
And then I waited some.于是,我等了一会儿。
I guess I like him some.我觉得我有点儿喜欢他。
三、some作代词
1.some代替可数名词时为复数,意思为"有些人(或物)"。例句:
Some of these books are quite useful.有些书籍很有用。
2.some代替不可数名词时为单数,意思为"一些;若干"。例句:
She asked for bread and I gave her some.她要面包,我给了她一些。
too的含义及用法
一、too一般用于肯定句中,常放于句末或作为插入语放在句中,相当于also,as well,表示"也,还"。例句:
I'll go to work too.我也去上班。
She plays the piano,and sings too.她会弹钢琴,还会唱歌。
He,too,is going to the park.他也要到公园去。
二、在口语中,有时相当于very,表示"真是,很,非常";有时还可表示"太,过分"之意。例句:
I'm too happy.我非常高兴。
I'm not too well.我不很舒服。
Don't drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。
This coat is too big.这件大衣太大了。
That's too much.那太过分了。
三、too可以用于某些表示肯定的词组后面,表示"而且,还"。例句:
You ought to see a doctor,and quickly too.你应该去看大夫,而且要快去。
We finished the work quickly and well too.我们迅速地做完工作,而且做得很好。
四、too有时没有具体含义,只是为了加强语气。例句:
I will too go!我要去的!
五、too不能用于very,fairly和quite后面,但它前面可以用a bit,a little,a lot,rather,much等表示程度的词来修饰。例句:
It's much too cold,today.今天天气太冷了。
He's rather too sure of himself.他未免有点太自信了。
请比较下面的例句:
You gave him too much.
I'm much too busy.
too much意为"太多,太过分",可以用在不可数名词前,也可用作代词或副词,后面不接名词。前句可译为:你给他太多了。
much too表示"太,非常",是副词短语,常用来修饰形容词和副词。后句可译为:我实在是太忙了。
六、"too...to..."句式的用法
1."too...to..."结构意为"太……而不能……",形式上是肯定,但却表示否定意义,此结构可转换成so...that...复合句。例句:
You are too young to go to school.
You are so young that you can't go to school.
You are not old enough to go to school.
2."too...not to..."句式表示肯定的意思,如果too前面有否定词(如never)时,也表示肯定之意。例句:
You are too wise not to solve the problem.你很聪明必定能解决这个问题。
It's never too late to learn.活到老,学到老。
3.too后面如接形容词ready(现成的),apt(易于,倾向于), inclined(偏于……的)等词时,表示肯定之意,too表示"十分"、"极其"。例句:
She is too ready to help others.她十分乐于助人。
I am too apt to forget.我十分健忘。
4."only(but)too+adj+to do sth."结构也表示肯定之意,only相当于really,too相当于very,意为"非常",并且too后面的形容词多数为表示心情的,如pleased,glad,delighted,thankful等;有时也可接描绘性的形容词,如:good,kind等。例句:
I'm only too glad to go with you.让我和你去,我真是太高兴了。
The film is only too good to see.这部电影很好,值得看。
七、too的其他用法
1.can't(can never)...too...怎么……也不会过分;不至于过度。例句:
You can't be too careful.你越小心越好。
2.none too一点也不。例句:
She is none too beautiful.她一点也不漂亮。