RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL COURT

As amended through December 1, 2020

2020版美国联邦法院民事诉讼规则（中英文对照）

 

中英文对照共计34万余字，word 文档。

学术交流请致  matador1@foxmail.com

 部分章节示例如下：

(A) the jury returns a general verdict;  (A) 陪审团作出了一般性的裁决；

(B) the court awards only costs or a sum certain; or  (B) 法院只裁决诉讼费用或一定金额；或

(C) the court denies all relief.   (C) 法院驳回了所有的救济。

 

(2) Court’s Approval Required. Subject to Rule 54(b), the court must promptly approve the form of the judgment, which the clerk must promptly enter, when:

(2) 要求法院批准。在符合第54(b)条的规定下，如果是以下情况，法院须立即批准判决的形式，而书记官须立即按此形式作出：

 

(A) the jury returns a special verdict or a general verdict with answers to written questions; or

(A) 陪审团会对书面问题的答辩作出特别裁决或一般性裁决；或

(B) the court grants other relief not described in this subdivision (b).

(B) 法院准予本款(b)中未规定的其他救济。

 

(c) Time of Entry. For purposes of these rules, judgment is entered at the following times:

(c) 下判时间。根据本规则，应在以下时间作出判决：

 

(1) if a separate document is not required, when the judgment is entered in the civil docket under Rule 79(a); or

(1) 如果不需要单独的文件，当判决根据第79(a)条规定载入民事案卷时；或

 

(2) if a separate document is required, when the judgment is entered in the civil docket under Rule 79(a) and the earlier of these events occurs:

(2) 如果需要一份单独的文件，当根据第79(a)条规定将判决载入民事案卷，且下列事件较早发生时：

 

(A) it is set out in a separate document; or   (A) 在一个单独的文件中对其做了说明；或

 

(B) 150 days have run from the entry in the civil docket. 

(B) 从民事案卷载入开始已经有150天了。

 

(d) Request for Entry. A party may request that judgment be set out in a separate document as required by Rule 58(a).

(d) 申请下判。当事人可根据第58(a)条的规定，要求以单独的文件做出判决。

 

(e) Cost or Fee Awards. Ordinarily, the entry of judgment may not be delayed, nor the time for appeal extended, in order to tax costs or award fees. But if a timely motion for attorney’s fees is made under Rule 54(d)(2), the court may act before a notice of appeal has been filed and become effective to order that the motion have the same effect under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4 (a)(4) as a timely motion under Rule 59.

(e) 判予成本或费用。通常情况下，为了税收成本或裁决费用，判决的做出不得延误，上诉的时间也不得延长。当事人根据本规则第54条第4款（2）项及时提交律师费申请的，法院在发出上诉通知并生效前，可裁定根据联邦上诉程序规则第4条第1款（4）项规定提交的申请与依据本规则第59条规定及时提交的申请，具有同等效力。

 

Rule 59 – New Trial; Altering or Amending a Judgment  第59条 重新审理或改判

(a) In General. (a) 一般规定。

 

(1) Grounds for New Trial. The court may, on motion, grant a new trial on all or some of the issues and to any party as follows:

(1) 重新审理的理由。法院可根据请求，准许重新审理可对下列案件的全部或部分当事人及全部或部分争议点：

 

(A) after a jury trial, for any reason for which a new trial has heretofore been granted in an action at law in federal court; or

(A) 在陪审团审理后，由于此前在联邦法院的普通法诉讼中被批准重新审理的任何理由；或

 

(B) after a nonjury trial, for any reason for which a rehearing has heretofore been granted in a suit in equity in federal court.

(B) 在非陪审团审理后，在联邦法院衡平法诉讼中进行的再审。

 

(2) Further Action After a Nonjury Trial. After a nonjury trial, the court may, on motion for a new trial, open the judgment if one has been entered, take additional testimony, amend findings of fact and conclusions of law or make new ones, and direct the entry of a new judgment.

(2) 在非陪审团审理后的重新审理。基于对非陪审团审理的案件提交的重新审理申请，法院可对登记的判决进行审理，收取补充性的证言，变更事实认定和法律上的结论，或作出新的事实认定和结论，并且裁定登记新的判决。

 

(b) Time to File a Motion for a New Trial. A motion for a new trial must be filed no later than 28 days after the entry of judgment.

(b) 提交重新审理的请求的实际。重新审理的请求必须不迟于判决后28天内提交。

 

(c) Time to Serve Affidavits. When a motion for a new trial is based on affidavits, they must be filed with the motion. The opposing party has 14 days after being served to file opposing affidavits. The court may permit reply affidavits.

(c) 送达庭外证词书的时间。根据庭外证词陈述书提交审理申请，庭外证词陈述书应与申请一并提交，对方当事人在送达后14日内可向法院提交陈述异议的庭外证词陈述书。

 

(d) New Trialon the Court’s Initiative or for Reasons Not in the Motion. No later than 28 days after the entry of judgment, the court, on its own, may order a new trial for any reason that would justify granting one on a party’s motion. After giving the parties notice and an opportunity to be heard, the court may grant a timely motion for a new trial for a reason not stated in the motion. In either event, the court must specify the reasons in its order.

(d) 基于法院自由裁量权或因没有提交该请求的理由而进行重新审理。在登记判决后10日内；如果当事人提交申请法院应准予重新审理的任何理由，法院可依其自由裁量权指令重新审理法院在通知各当事人并给予各当事人被听审的机会之后，可以允许根据申请中未陈述的理由而及时提交重新审理申请，当法院依职权重新审理或以未在重新审理申请中陈述的理由准予重新审理时，法院应当在重新审理指令中具体说明重新审理的理由。

 

(e) Motion to Alter or Amend a Judgment. A motion to alter or amend a judgment must be filed no later than 28 days after the entry of the judgment.

(e) 改判的请求。改判的请求必须不迟于判决生效后28天提交。

 

Rule 60 – Relief from a Judgment or Order  第60条 对判决或指令的救济

(a) Corrections Based on Clerical Mistakes; Oversights and Omissions. The court may correct a clerical mistake or a mistake arising from oversight or omission whenever one is found in a judgment, order, or other part of the record. The court may do so on motion or on its own, with or without notice. But after an appeal has been docketed in the appellate court and while it is pending, such a mistake may be corrected only with the appellate court’s leave.

对笔误的更正；疏忽和遗漏。法院可以依职权或任何当事人的申请并由法院指令作出通知后，随时更正在判决指令或法院记录其他部分的笔误和也于疏忽或遗漏出现的错误。在上诉期间，如果上诉被上诉法院在案件记录簿上登记之前，可以按上述方式更正错误；如果已进行登记且在上诉中，可在上诉法院同意后更正错误。

 

(b) Grounds for Relief from a Final Judgment, Order, or Proceeding. On motion and just terms, the court may relieve a party or its legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons:

(b) 豁免最终判决、指令或诉讼程序的理由。经请求和正当条件，法院可因以下原因豁免当事人或其法定代表人的最终判决、指令或诉讼程序：

 

(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;

(1) 错误、怠慢、意外或可原谅的疏忽；

 

(2) newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b);

(2) 新质证的证据，这些证据是在依据本规则第59条第2款规定申请重新审理的期间内，即使相当地注意也不能质证的新证据；

 

(3) fraud (whether previously called intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party;

（3）欺诈（无论从前称之为内部的还是外部的）、虚假表示或对方当事人的其他不良行为；

 

(4) the judgment is void;  （4）判决无效；

 

(5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged; it is based on an earlier judgment that has been reversed or vacated; or applying it prospectively is no longer equitable; or

（5）判决被履行、被放弃或被解除，或者作为判决基础的前一判决已被推翻或以其他方式被撤销，或者该判决将来适用会不公正；

 

(6) any other reason that justifies relief.  （6）其他任何救济判决效力的正当理由。

 

(c) Timing and Effect of the Motion.  (c) 提交申请的时间和效力。

 

(1) Timing. A motion under Rule 60(b) must be made within a reasonable time and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) no more than a year after the entry of the judgment or order or the date of the proceeding.

(1) 时间。申请应在合理的期间内提交，基于本款（1）、（2）及（3）的理由提交申请不得超过作出判决、指令或采取诉讼程序后1年。

 

(2) Effect on Finality. The motion does not affect the judgment’s finality or suspend its operation.

(2) 对判决终局性的影响。该请求不影响判决的终局性或中止诉讼。

 

(d) Other Powers to Grant Relief. This rule does not limit a court’s power to:

(d) 给予救济的其他权力。这一规则并不限制法院的以下权力：

 

(1) entertain an independent action to relieve a party from a judgment, order, or proceeding;

(1) 法院有权受理救济当事人的对判决、指令或诉讼程序的单独诉讼；

 

(2) grant relief under 28 U.S.C. §1655 to a defendant who was not personally notified of the action; or

(2) 给予未按照《联邦法典》第28编第1665条实际直接通知的被告提供救济；或

 

(3) set aside a judgment for fraud on the court.

(3) 撤销因对法院欺诈而作出的判决。

 

(e) Bills and Writs Abolished. The following are abolished: bills of review, bills in the nature of bills of review, and writs of coram nobis, coram vobis, and audita querela.

(e) 法案和令状被废除。以下法案被废除：复审法案、审查法案性质的法案、复审令状和审计令状。

 

Rule 61 – Harmless Error  第61条 无害的错误

Unless justice requires otherwise, no error in admitting or excluding evidence or any other error by the court or a party is ground for granting a new trial, for setting aside a verdict, or for vacating, modifying, or otherwise disturbing a judgment or order. At every stage of the proceeding, the court must disregard all errors and defects that do not affect any party’s substantial rights.

除非司法另有要求，证据的采纳或排除中的错误，和裁定或指令中的错误或瑕疵，或者法院或任何当事人当事人的作为或不作为事项中的错误或瑕疵，都不应成为允许重新审理的理由或撤销陪审团裁决的理由或者撤销、更改和中断判决或指令效力的理由。法院在诉讼程序的任何阶段均应无视不影响当事人实质性权利的程序上的错误或瑕疵。

 

Rule 62 – Stay of Proceedings to Enforce a Judgment  第62条 执行判决程序的中止

(a) Automatic Stay. Except as provided in Rule 62(c) and (d), execution on a judgment and proceedings to enforce it are stayed for 30 days after its entry, unless the court orders otherwise.

(a) 自动中止。除第62(c)和(d)条规定外，除非法院另有指令，否则执行判决和执行程序在判决生效后中止30天。

 

(b) Stay by Bond or Other Security. At any time after judgment is entered, a party may obtain a stay by providing a bond or other security. The stay takes effect when the court approves the bond or other security and remains in effect for the time specified in the bond or other security.

(b) 通过提供保证金或其他担保获得中止。在判决生效后的任何时候，当事人可通过提供保证金或其他担保获得中止延期。中止令在法院批准保证金或其他担保时生效，并在保证金或其他担保中规定的时间内继续有效。

 

(c) Stay of an Injunction, Receivership, or Patent Accounting Order. Unless the court orders otherwise, the following are not stayed after being entered, even if an appeal is taken:

(c) 暂缓执行禁令、破产接管或专利会计令。除非法院另有指令，否则即使提交上诉，下列令状事项在提交后也不得中止：

 

(1) an interlocutory or final judgment in an action for an injunction or receivership; or

(1) 禁制令或接管诉讼的审理中或最终判决；

 

(2) a judgment or order that directs an accounting in an action for patent infringement.

(2) 在侵犯专利证书的诉讼中指令进行计算的判决或指令。

 

(d) Injunction Pending an Appeal. While an appeal is pending from an interlocutory order or final judgment that grants, continues, modifies, refuses, dissolves, or refuses to dissolve or modify an injunction, the court may suspend, modify, restore, or grant an injunction on terms for bond or other terms that secure the opposing party’s rights. If the judgment appealed from is rendered by a statutory three-judge district court, the order must be made either:

(d) 禁止上诉暂停。当中间或最终判决授予、继续、修订、驳回、解散、拒绝解散或修订禁令的上诉待决时，法院可根据担保条款或其他保障对方权利的条款暂停、修订、恢复或授予禁令。如果上诉的判决是由法定的由三名法官组成的地区法院作出的，则必须作出以下指令：

 

(1) by that court sitting in open session; or  (1) 由该法院公开开庭审理；或

 

(2) by the assent of all its judges, as evidenced by their signatures.

（2）由该法院全体法官签名同意并署名该指令。

 

(e) Stay Without Bond on an Appeal by the United States, Its Officers, or Its Agencies. The court must not require a bond, obligation, or other security from the appellant when granting a stay on an appeal by the United States, its officers, or its agencies or on an appeal directed by a department of the federal government.

(e) 对联邦政府、其官员或其机构的上诉中止无须提供担保。当联邦政府国家或其公务员或机构进行上诉或者根据联邦政府政府部门的指令而进行上诉并中止判决的执行效力时，对上诉人不得要求保证书、责任或其他担保。

 

(f) Stay in Favor of a Judgment Debtor Under State Law. If a judgment is a lien on the judgment debtor’s property under the law of the state where the court is located, the judgment debtor is entitled to the same stay of execution the state court would give.

(f) 根据州法而中止、，在判决对判决债务人财产有置留权并且判决债务人有权中止执行的州里，判决债务人在该州开庭的联邦地区法院开庭审理中具有在该州的法院进行该诉讼时相同的请求中止执行判决的权利。

 

(g) Appellate Court’s Power Not Limited. This rule does not limit the power of the appellate court or one of its judges or justices:

(g) 上诉法院的权限不受限制。本规则并不限制上诉法院或其一名法官的权力：

 

(1) to stay proceedings or suspend, modify, restore, or grant an injunction while an appeal is pending; or

(1) 在上诉待决期间中止诉讼程序或中止、修订、恢复或授予禁令；或

 

(2) to issue an order to preserve the status quo or the effectiveness of the judgment to be entered.

(2) 作出适当指令保全现状或维持即将作出判决效力。

 

(h) Stay with Multiple Claims or Parties. A court may stay the enforcement of a final judgment entered under Rule 54(b) until it enters a later judgment or judgments, and may prescribe terms necessary to secure the benefit of the stayed judgment for the party in whose favor it was entered.

 

(h) 对多项请求或多数当事人为判决中止。当法院根据本规则第54条第2款规定的条件已指令作出终局判决时，在随后的一个或几个判决作出之前，可中止执行判决，并可为保证被判胜诉的当事人利益作出必要条件的指令。