1.法规的题注翻译的统一
法规的题注是指法规标题下面标明制定的机关和批准的时间,并用括号括起来的部分。题注是为了表明法律的合法性、有效性及其在整个立法体系中的等级地位。它是法律名称的补充,是法规的有机组成部分。
原文: 上海市保护消费者权益条例
(2002年10月28日上海市第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第四十四次会议通过)
译文: Regulations
of Shanghai Municipality on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and
Interests
(Adopted at the 44th Session of the Standing
Committee of the 11th Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress on
October 28, 2002)
2.规章的题注翻译的统一
规章(上海市人民政府规章)的题注是指规章标题下面标明发布的机关和批准的时间,并用括号括起来的部分。其作用与法规的题注相同,翻译中出现的问题也大致相同,现将其翻译的格式和用词统一如下例:
原文: 上海市商品交易市场管理办法
(2002年11月18日上海市人民政府令第127号发布)
译文: Procedures
of Shanghai Municipality on the
Administration of
Commodity Trading Markets
(Promulgated on November 18,
2002 by Decree No. 127 of the Shanghai Municipal People's
Government)
3. 法规、规章中复议和诉讼条款翻译的统一
法规、规章中复议和诉讼条款的内容大致相同,但译文却不尽规范、统一,现就决定统一如下例,如与原文有不同之处,请参照执行:
原文: 第三十三条(复议和诉讼)
当事人对行政管理部门的具体行政行为不服的,可以依照《中华人民共和国行政复议法》或者《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定,申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。
当事人在法定期限内不申请行政复议、不提起行政诉讼,又不履行具体行政行为的,作出具体行政行为的部门可以依照《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的规定,申请人民法院强制执行。
译文: Article
33 (Reconsideration and Lawsuit)
The
party concerned, if disagrees with the specific administrative act
made by an administrative department, may apply for administrative
reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to the
“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative
Reconsideration” or the “Administrative Litigation Law of the
People’s Republic of China”.
Where
the party concerned does not apply for administrative
reconsideration, nor brings an administrative lawsuit, nor performs
the specific administrative act within the prescribed time period,
the department that has made the specific administrative act may
apply to the people’s court for enforcement according to the
“Administrative Litigation Law of the People’s Republic of
China”.
中华人民共和国《民法通则》国务院法制局制作的英译本、澳洲CCH股份有限公司英译本和美国全美律协主办的China
Law Reporter杂志英译本。法制局译本简称LAB、澳洲译本简称CCH、美洲译本简称CLR:
原文:中华人民共和国民法通则
译文:GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA (LAB)
General
Principles of Civil Law of the People’s Republic of
China (CCH)
THE
GENERAL RULES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA (CLR)
述评:“民法通则”是中华人民共和国的民法, CLR以之为“general
rules”,LAB和CCH均以之为“general principles”均不合立法的原意和文字,皆不可取。此外,“民法”不同于“民法典”,所以CLR作“Civil
Code”是错的,而LAB和CCH作“Civil Law”是对的。
为此,建议改译如下:
General Civil Law of the People’s
Republic of China
原文:一九八六年四月十二日第六届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过
译文:Adopted
at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress on April 12,
1986 (LAB)
Adopted
12 April 1986 by the 4th Session of the 6th National People’s
Congress (CCH)
Adopted
by the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress,
April 12, 1986 (CLR)
述评:拟改译如下:
Adopted by the Sixth National
People’s Congress at its Fourth Session on April 12, 1986
原文:第一章 基本原则
译文:Chapter
I Basic
Principles (LAB)
Chapter
I Fundamental
Principles (CCH)
CHAPTER
ONE: BASIC
PRINCIPLES (CLR)
原文:第一条 为了保障公民、法人的合法的民事权益,正确调整民事关系,适应社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要,根据宪法和我国实际情况,总结民事活动的实践经验,制定本法。
译文:Article
1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and
the actual situation of our country, drawing upon our practical
experience in civil activities, for the purpose of protecting the
lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons and
correctly adjusting civil relations, so as to meet the needs of the
developing socialist
modernization. (LAB)
Article
1. This Law is formulated in order to safeguard the legitimate
rights and interests of citizens and legal persons, to correctly
regulate civil relations and to meet the requirements of the
development of the construction of socialist modernization, in
accordance with the Constitution and actual conditions in China and
drawing on the practical experience of civil
activities. (CCH)
Article 1. This Law is promulgated
in accordance with the Constitution at present situation of the
People’s Republic of China (PRC) and is drawn from practice in
civil acts, to safeguard the legitimate civil rights and interests
of citizens, juristic persons and to regulate correctly civil
relations to meet the needs of construction and development of
socialist
modernization. (CLR)
建议改译如下:
Drawn from the experience of
practices in civil activities, this Law is enacted according to the
Constitution and the actualities of the PRC to protect the legal
rights and interests of citizens and juristic persons in civil
matters, correctly to regulate civil relations so as to cope with
the building up of socialist modernization.
原文:第二条 中华人民共和国民法调整平等主体的公民之间、法人之间、公民和法人之间的财产关系和人身关系。
译文:Article
2 The Civil Law of the People's
Republic of China shall adjust property relationships and personal
relationships between civil subjects with equal status, that is,
between citizens, between legal persons and between citizens and
legal persons. (LAB)
Article
2. The Civil Law of the People's Republic of China regulates, on
the basis of equality, the property and personal relationships
between citizens, between legal persons and between citizens and
legal persons. (CCH)
Article
2. The Civil code of the PRC regulates the property and personal
relations equally between citizens, between juristic persons and
between citizens and juristic persons as
subject. (CLR)
拟改译如下:
The civil legislation of the PRC
regulates the property and the personal relations between citizens,
between juristic persons, and between citizens and juristic
persons- all as equal subjects in civil matters.
原文:第三条 当事人在民事活动中的地位平等。
译文:Article
3. Parties to a civil activity shall have equal
status. (LAB)
Article
3. Parties concerned shall enjoy equality of position in their
civil
activities. (CCH)
Article
3.The status of parties to civil acts shall be
equal. (CLR)
述评:改译如下:
Parties are equal in a civil
activity.
原文:第四条 民事活动应当遵循自愿、公平、等价有偿、诚实信用的原则。
译文:Article
4. In civil activities, the
principles of voluntariness, fairness, making compensation for
equal value, honesty and credibility shall be
observed. (LAB)
Article
4. Civil activities shall respect the principles of voluntary
participation, equity, compensation at equal value and honesty and
trustworthiness. (CCH)
Article
4. Civil acts shall conform to the principles of voluntariness,
fairness, compensation for equal value and good
faith. (CLR)
述评:改译如下:
Civil activities are subject to
the principles of voluntariness, fairness, quid pro quo, and
full-faith-and-credit. (LAB)
原文:第五条 公民、法人的合法的民事权益受法律保护,任何组织和个人不得侵犯。
译文:Article
5. The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal
persons shall be protected by law; no organization or individual
may infringe upon
them. (LAB)
Article
5 The legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons
are protected by law and may not be violated by any organization or
individual. (CCH)
Article
5 The legitimate civil rights and interests of citizens and
juristic persons are protected by law, and no organization or
individual may encroach upon
them. (CLR)
述评:建议改译如下:
The Legal rights and interests of
citizens and juristic person in civil matters are protected by the
law, not to be interfered with by any organization or
individual.
原文:第六条 民事活动必须遵守法律,法律没有规定的,应当遵守国家政策。
译文:Article
6. Civil activities must be in compliance with the law; where there
are no relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance
with state
policies. (LAB)
Article
6 Civil activities must respect the law. Where the law has no
provisions with regard to civil activities, they shall respect
State policies. (CCH)
Article
6 Civil acts must be in accord with the law. Where there is no rule
under the law, State policy must be
obeyed. (CLR)
述评:建议改译如下:
Civil activities must respect the
law or, where the law is silent, the State policies.
原文:第七条 民事活动应当尊重社会公德,不得损害社会公共利益,破坏国家经济计划,扰乱社会经济秩序。
译文:Article
7 Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall
not harm the public interest, undermine state economic plans or
disrupt social economic
order. (LAB)
Article
7. Civil activities shall respect social moral principles and shall
not harm the common interest of society, damage State economic
plans or disrupt social economic
order. (CCH)
Article
7. Civil acts should respect for social morality and must not harm
the public interest, undermine the State economic plans nor disrupt
the economic order of
society. (CLR)
述评:建议改译如下:
Civil activities are to respect
social mores but not to harm the public interest, undermine the
State economic planning, or disrupt the social economic order.
原文:第八条 在中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动,适用中华人民共和国法律,法律另有规定的除外。
本法关于公民的规定,适用于在中华人民共和国领域内的外国人、无国籍人,法律另有规定的除外。
译文:Article
8 The law of the People's Republic of China shall apply to civil
activities within the People's Republic of China, except as
otherwise stipulated by law.
The
stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to
foreigners and stateless persons within the People's Republic of
China, except as otherwise stipulated by
law. (LAB)
Article
8. Unless otherwise stipulated by law, the laws of the People's
Republic of China shall apply to civil activities carried out
within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
Unless
otherwise stipulated by law, the provisions of this Law with
regards to citizens apply to foreign nationals and stateless
persons within the territory of the People's Republic of
China. (CCH)
Article
8. Except as otherwise provided by law, civil acts within the
territory of the PRC are subject to the law of the PRC.
Except
as otherwise provided by law, the provisions of this Law applicable
to citizens shall apply to foreign persons and stateless persons in
the territory of the
PRC. (CLR)
述评:建议改译如下:
The
PRC law applies to civil activities in the PRC unless otherwise
provided.
Provisions of this law concerning
citizens also apply to aliens and stateless persons unless
otherwise provided.
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