五、付费方式Way of Payment

1.    海运费预付 PP (FREIGHT PREPAID)  即指海运费由发货人在起运港支付。

PP (Freight Prepaid) means sea freight is paid by shipper at the port of loading.

 

2.    海运费到付 CC (FREIGHT COLLECT)  即指海运费由收货人在目的港支付。

CC (Freight Collect) means sea freight is paid by consignee at port of destination.

 

六、签单方式Way of Signing

1.    正本提单Original Bill of Lading

  正本提单为签发方出具的有签单章和签字的，有ORIGINAL标识的提单，一般是一式三份。由发货方寄往收货方，收货方凭正本提单提货。

The original B/L has the issuer’s signature and stamp, with ORIGINAL sign, normally it has three copies. They’re mailed by the shipper to the consignee, consignee use them to withdraw the cargo.

 

2.    电放提单Telex Release B/L

  电放提单为应发货方要求（电放保函），提单签发方在提单上加盖电放章（SURRENDERED或TELEX RELEASED），并提供给收货方，收货方仅凭提单复印件即可提货。此时，由提单签发方向其目的港代理电报、传真或E-MAIL通知该票货物仅凭出示收货方身份即可放货。

Telex Release B/L is issued by the issuer according to letter of guarantee by the shipper with SURRENDERED or TELEX RELEASED stamp on the B/L to the consignee, consignee uses the B/L copy to withdraw the cargo. The issuer of the B/L telegram, fax or e-mail the port of destination that this cargo can be withdrawn with consignee identification.

 

3.    海运运单Sea waybill

  海运运单（SEA WAYBILL）是由船公司签发的货物承运单据，一般只签一份正本。收货人凭身份证明即可提货。因风险较大，很少使用。

Sea waybill is cargo carrying document issued by the ship company, normally only has one original copy. The consignee can take the cargo with identification. Because of the big risk, it is seldom used.

 

4.    实际业务中倒签、预借提单的问题Back issuing and advance B/L issues in actual business

  由于信用证中所规定的装运期限已经过期，或信用证所规定的议付期限迫近，货物虽已交给承运人，但由于租订的船舶未能按时到达，承运人有可能应出口方的请求，提前出具该船名的"已装船"提单，出口方凭提单向银行议付货款。在这种情况下，由承运人或其代理人所签发的提单称之为"预借提单"。预借提单对承运人的风险极大，如果进口商发现提单是伪造的，其不仅可以拒付，而且有权追究承运人和出口方的法律责任。因此，一般情况下承运人不会同意签发预借提单。

Due to the expire of loading date in the L/C or L/C payment negotiated date closing, although the cargo has delivered to the forwarder, shipment booked hasn’t arrived on time, forwarder might be asked by the exporter to forward advance B/L, the exporter negotiates with bank for wiring of the payment by the advanced B/L. In this situation, the B/L issued by carrier or forwarder is called ‘advanced B/L’. The carrier/forwarder takes great risk on advance B/L, if the importer finds out the B/L is forged, not only could he refuse to pay, but also has him the right to investigate and affix legal liability of the exporter. So normally the carrier won’t agree to issue advance B/L.

 

  倒签提单是承运人或其代理人应出口方的要求，在货物装船后，以早于该票货物实际装船完毕的日期作为签发日期所签发的提单。这是为了符合信用证关于装运期的规定，应出口方的要求而倒填日期签发的提单，所以称之为倒签提单。承运人签发这种提单要承担因此而可能产生的风险。但是由于航运惯例和贸易的需要，在一定条件下，例如在所签的日期是船舶已抵港并已开始装货后的某一天，或签单的货物是零星杂货而不是数量很大的大宗货，或倒签的时间与装完时间的间隔不太长等情况下，在取得了出口方的保函后，承运人还是可以同意签发的。

Back issuing B/L is required by exporter to carrier or forwarder that B/L issuing date earlier than the actual loading date. This is to meet the loading date regulation in the L/C, as required by the exporter to back issuing the B/L date, that’s why it’s called back issuing B/L. To issue this kind of B/L, the carrier will take the possible risk by it. But due to sea transport and trade requirements, under certain condition, for instance, the issuing date is after the ship arrives in the destination port, or the issued cargo is small commodity rather than bulk cargo, or back issuing date is not long from loading date, and after exporter’s letter of guarantee, the carrier will agree to issue.

 

第二节  海运出口操作流程   Sea freight forwarding operating procedure

 一、接受货主询价Accept Shipper Inquiry

1、  海运询价：Sea Transportation Inquiry

(1)   需掌握发货港至各大洲，各大航线常用的，及货主常需服务的港口，价格；

Need to know the ship lines and prices from port of loading to all continents, and usual ports of shipper.

 

(2)   主要船公司船期信息；Main ship company shipping schedule information.

2、  陆运询价：（人民币费用）Land Transportation Inquiry: (RMB charges)

(1)   需掌握各大主要城市公里数和拖箱价格；  (2)各港区装箱价格；

Need to know mileage to main cities and container tolling prices. (2) Loading prices of all ports.

 

二、接单（接受货主委托）Order Receiving (Receiving Shipper Booking Order)

接受货主委托后（一般为传真件）需明确的重点信息：

船期、箱型、箱量、船公司、起运港、目的港、运费条款、运输条款、毛重、货主联系方法等。

After receival of Shipper booking order (Fax as normal), the following information shall be confirmed:

Shipping Schedule, container type, container quantity, ship company, loading port, destination port, freight term, gross weight, shipper contact information and so on.

 

三、订舱Ship Space Booking

1、  缮制委托书；制单时应最大程度保证原始托单的数据正确、相符性，以减少后续过程的频繁更改。

Make booking order with data ultimate conformance with the original booking order, to prevent difficulty in future changes.

 

2、  取得配舱单，摘取船名、航次、提单号信息，发入货通知给委托人。

Get the ship space order, take out the vessel name, voyage number and B/L number information and send shipping order to shipper.

 

四、做箱Make Container Plan

1、  门到门：Door to Door

填妥装箱计划中：做箱时间、船名、航次、提单号、目的港、毛重、场站地址、联系人、电话、工厂地址、联系人、电话等要因，先于截关日（船期前两天）1~2天排好车班。

Filling up the container loading plan: container doing time, vessel name, B/L number, destination port, gross weight, terminal address, contact person, phone number, factory address, contact person, phone number and so on. Arrange truck 1-2 days before customs cut-off date (2 days before ETD).

 

2、  内装：与场站确认好下货纸及放箱指令，要求委托人先于截关日（船期前两天）1~2天排好车班。

Interior loading: make sure of the shipping order and container release order with terminal, ask shipper to arrange toll truck 1-2 days before customs cut-off date (2 days before ETD).

 

3、  填好两种做箱方法的装箱单也叫回箱单。

The container loading list of the two ways is also called returned packing list.

 

五、报关（有时同时、有时先于做箱）

Customs Declaration (sometimes at the same time with container plan, sometimes later)

 

1、了解常出口货物报关所需资料。

Acquaintance with customs declaration information for common export cargo.

 

(1)需商检   (2)需配额  (3)需许可证  (4)需产地证  (5)需提供商会核价章 等。

(1) Need commercial inspection (2) Need Quota (3) Need license (4) Need certificate of origin

(5) Need pricing stamp from chamber of commerce.

 

2、填妥船名航次，提单号，对应装箱单(packing list)，发票，所显示的毛重净重，件数，包装种类，金额，体积，审核报关单的正确性（单证一致）。

Fill in vessel name and voyage number, B/L number, packing list, invoice, gross weight, net weight, number of package, kind of package, amount of money, volume and conformance of documents with customs declaration.

 

2、  显示报关单所载货物的 “中文品名”，对照海关编码大全，查阅商品编码，审核两者是否相符，按编码确定计量单位，并根据海关所列之监管条件点阅所缺乏报关要件。

Show ‘Chinese product name’ of the cargo in customs declaration, refer to the complete HS code for commodity code, see if the two are the same. According to the unit of measurement and regulatory requirements of customs, check the missing customs declaration documents.

 

3、  备妥报关委托书，报关单，发票，装箱单，核销单和其他所需资料，于截关前一天通关。

Prepare customs declaration authorization letter, customs declaration manifest, invoice, packing list, verification list and other required material, clear customs one day before customs cut-off date.

 

4、  跟踪场站收据，确保配载上船。

Follow terminal data, make sure the container is on board of ship.

 

5、  凡是退关改配的，若其中有下个航次，出运仍然需要，诸如许可证，配额，商检，动植检之类的文件资料，退关、改配通知应先于该配置船期一个星期到达，以便（报运部）顺利抽回资料，重新利用。

For all returned containers from customs, if there’s next voyage for shipping, as license, quota, commercial inspection, animal and vegetation inspection and other files, return customs and voyage change shall be arrived one week before the next voyage, for the convenience of retrieving files to use again.

 

六、提单确认和修改B/L Confirmation and Modification

1、  问明顾客“提单”的发放形式：Confirm with customer the form of B/L

(1)   电放： 需顾客提供正本“电放保函”（留底），后出具公司“保函”到船公司电放。

Telex Release: Need customer to supply formal ‘Telex Release Guarantee’, and then send the ‘Guarantee’ to ship company for Telex Release.

 

(2)   预借(如可行)：需顾客提供正本“预借保函”（留底），后出具公司“保函”到船公司预借。

Advance (if practicable): Need customer to supply formal ‘Advance B/L Guarantee’, and then send to ship company for Advance B/L.

 

(3)倒签(如可行)：需顾客提供正本“倒签保函”（留底），后出具公司“保函”到船公司倒签。

*此种情况下，多半是签发HOUSE B/L.

Back Issuing (if practicable): Need customer to supply ‘Back Issuing B/L Guarantee’, then send to ship company for back issuing B/L. In this situation, most issued B/Ls are House B/L.

 

(4)异地放单：须经船公司同意，并取得货主保函和异地接单之联系人/电话/传真/公司名/地址等资料方可放单。

Remote B/L release: Need approval by ship company, shipper guarantee, remote contact person, phone number, fax, company name, address and so on, so as the release B/L remotely.

 

2、依据原始资料，传真于货主确认，并根据回传确立提单正确内容。

According to original files, fax to shipper for confirmation, and make sure the B/L information is correct.

 

七、签单B/L signing

1、  查看每张正本提单是否都签全了证章。  2、是否需要手签。

1. Check if every original B/L copy is stamped all. 2. Check if hand signature’s needed.

 

八、航次费用结算  Voyage charges clearing

1、  海运费Sea freight

(1)预付(FREIGHT PREPAID)   (2)到付(FREIGHT COLLECT)

2、陆运费  Land transportation charge

(1)订舱   (2)报关(包括返关之前己经报关的费用)    (3)做箱(内装/门到门)

(1) Ship space booking  (2) Customs declaration (including customs declaration fee before customs return)   (3) Container plan (Interior/ Door to door).

 

九、提单、发票发放（提单样本） B/L and Invoice Issuing (B/L copy)

1、  货主自来取件的,需签收If shipper come to fetch B/L, need signature.

2、  通过EMS和快递送达的,应在“名址单”,上标明诸如:“提单号”、“发票号”、“核销单号”等要素以备日后查证。

If EMS or express is needed, B/L number, Invoice number, Verification number and so on, should be marked on the address list.

 

十、应在一个月内督促航次费用的清算并及时返还货主的“核销退税单”

Should push for clearance of charges for the voyage within one month and return tax rebate form to shipper.