50 Excuses for non-notice and delay. 第五十条　未发退票通知和退票通知延迟的免责。

(1)Delay in giving notice of dishonour is excused where the delay is caused by circumstances beyond the control of the party giving notice, and not imputable to his default, misconduct, or negligence. When the cause of delay ceases to operate the notice must be given with reasonable diligence.

（１）如退票通知的延迟并非为当事人能控制的情况所造成，亦不能归咎于该当事人之怠职、处置不善或疏忽，该当事人可免除责任，但该延迟原因一消失，应以合理努力发出通知。

 

(2)Notice of dishonour is dispensed with—

(a)When, after the exercise of reasonable diligence, notice as required by this Act cannot be given to or does not reach the drawer or indorser sought to be charged:

(b)By waiver express or implied. Notice of dishonour may be waived before the time of giving notice has arrived, or after the omission to give due notice:

(c)As regards the drawer in the following cases, namely, (1) where drawer and drawee are the same person, (2) where the drawee is a fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract,

 

(3) where the drawer is the person to whom the bill is presented for payment, (4) where the drawee or acceptor is as between himself and the drawer under no obligation to accept or pay the bill, (5) where the drawer has countermanded payment:

 

(d)As regards the indorser in the following cases, namely, (1) where the drawee is a fictitious person or a person not having capacity to contract, and the indorser was aware of the fact at the time he indorsed the bill, (2) where the indorser is the person to whom the bill is presented for payment, (3) where the bill was accepted or made for his accommodation.

（２）在下列情况下，退票通知可以免除：

　　（ａ）虽经合理之努力，本法所要求的通知仍不能发至或未送至应负责任之出票人或背书人；

　　（ｂ）明知或默示放弃退票通知。可在发出通知前或漏发通知后表示放弃此等通知；

　　（ｃ）凡属下列情况之出票人可免发退票通知：

　　出票人和付款人为同一人；

　　付款人为一虚拟之人或无缔约行为能力之人；

　　出票人为汇票向其提示要求付款之人；

　　付款人或承兑人本人与出票人之间不存在承兑或支付汇票的义务；

　　出票人撤销支付。

　　（ｄ）凡属下列情况之背书人可免发退票通知：

　　付款人为一虚拟之人或无缔约行为能力之人，而背书人在为汇票背

书时知悉这一事实；

　　背书人为汇票向其提示要求付款之人；

汇票之承兑或作成是为背书人融资之目的。

 

51 Noting or protest of bill. 第五十一条　汇票公证记录或拒绝证书。

(1)Where an inland bill has been dishonoured it may, if the holder think fit, be noted for non-acceptance or non-payment, as the case may be; but it shall not be necessary to note or protest any such bill in order to preserve the recourse against the drawer or indorser.

(2)Where a foreign bill, appearing on the face of it to be such, has been dishonoured by non-acceptance it must be duly protested for non-acceptance, and where such a bill, which has not been previously dishonoured by non-acceptance, is dishonoured by non-payment it must be duly protested for non-payment. If it be not so protested the drawer and indorsers are discharged. Where a bill does not appear on the face of it to be a foreign bill, protest thereof in case of dishonour is unnecessary.

（１）如国内汇票遭到退票，只要持票人认为合适，得视具体情况对拒绝承兑或拒绝付款作成公证记录。但为保留对出票人或背书人的追索权，则无需对此等汇票作成公证记录或拒绝证书。

（２）如一张表面看来是国外汇票的汇票因拒绝承兑而遭退票，必须及时作出拒绝承兑证书；如汇票因拒绝付款而遭退票，以前又未因拒绝承兑而退票，则应及时作出拒绝付款证书。如未按此要求办理，则出票人和背书人可解除责任。如汇票从表面看来并非国外汇票，则无需对退票作成拒绝证书。

 

(3)A bill which has been protested for non-acceptance may be subsequently protested for non-payment.

(4)Subject to the provisions of this Act, when a bill is noted or protested, [F8it may be noted on the day of its dishonour and must be noted not later than the next succeeding business day]. When a bill has been duly noted, the protest may be subsequently extended as of the date of the noting.

(5)Where the acceptor of a bill becomes bankrupt or insolvent or suspends payment before it matures, the holder may cause the bill to be protested for better security against the drawer and indorsers.

（３）已作成拒绝承兑证书的汇票得在以后作成拒绝付款证书。

　　（４）根据本法规定，如对汇票作出公证记录或作成拒绝证书时，公证记录须在退票日作出，如及时对汇票作成公证记录，则拒绝证书可延至公证记录开始日以后作成。

（５）如汇票的承兑人在汇票到期日以前破产或丧失清偿能力，或停止付款，持票人得对汇票作成拒绝证书，作为对抗出票人和背书人时取得更好的保障。

 

(6)A bill must be protested at the place where it is dishonoured: Provided that—

(a)When a bill is presented through [F9a postal operator], and returned by post dishonoured, it may be protested at the place to which it is returned and on the day of its return if received during business hours, and if not received during business hours, then not later than the next business day:

(b)When a bill drawn payable at the place of business or residence of some person other than the drawee has been dishonoured by non-acceptance, it must be protested for non-payment at the place where it is expressed to be payable, and no further presentment for payment to, or demand on, the drawee is necessary.

（６）汇票须在退票地作成拒绝证书，但如：

　　（ａ）一张经邮局提示的汇票在遭退票后通过邮局退回，须在汇票之退回地于退回日对汇票作成拒绝证书，如该退回之汇票系在营业时间内收到；如并非在营业时间内收到，则在不迟于下一营业日作成拒绝证书；

（ｂ）一张以汇票受票人以外之其他人之营业处所或居住地为付款地的汇票因拒绝承兑而遭退票，须在汇票上明确表示之付款地，对汇票作成拒绝付款证书，并无需再向受票人提示付款。

 

(7)A protest must contain a copy of the bill, and must be signed by the notary making it, and must specify—

(a)The person at whose request the bill is protested:

(b)The place and date of protest, the cause or reason for protesting the bill, the demand made, and the answer given, if any, or the fact that the drawee or acceptor could not be found.

（７）拒绝证书须附有汇票副本，且须由作成拒绝证书之公证人签署，记载以下内容：

　　（ａ）要求对汇票作成拒绝证书的申请人之姓名；

（ｂ）拒绝证书作成的地点和日期；及作成之原因或理由；提出之要求，以及所给予的回答（如有的话）；或无法找到受票人或承兑人之事实。

 

(8)Where a bill is lost or destroyed, or is wrongly detained from the person entitled to hold it, protest may be made on a copy or written particulars thereof.

(9)Protest is dispensed with by any circumstance which would dispense with notice of dishonour. Delay in noting or protesting is excused when the delay is caused by circumstances beyond the control of the holder, and not imputable to his default, misconduct, or negligence. When the cause of delay ceases to operate the bill must be noted or protested with reasonable diligence.

（８）如汇票遗失或毁灭，或被错误扣留而使有权持有之人无法占有，即得凭汇票副本或说明详情之书面作成拒绝证书。

（９）如发生任何免于发出退票通知的情况，也可免于作成拒绝证书。如造成延迟的原因并非为持票人所能控制，且不能归咎于持票人之怠职、处置不善或疏忽，则持票人对延迟作成公证记录或拒绝证书可免除责任。但延迟原因一经消失，应以合理之努力作成公证记录或拒绝证书。

 

52 Duties of holder as regards drawee or acceptor.

第五十二条　持票人对受票人或承兑人应负之责。

 

(1)When a bill is accepted generally presentment for payment is not necessary in order to render the acceptor liable.

(2)When by the terms of a qualified acceptance presentment for payment is required, the acceptor, in the absence of an express stipulation to that effect, is not discharged by the omission to present the bill for payment on the day that it matures.

(3)In order to render the acceptor of a bill liable it is not necessary to protest it, or that notice of dishonour should be given to him.

(4)[F11Subject to Part 4A (presentment by electronic means),] Where the holder of a bill presents it for payment, he shall exhibit the bill to the person from whom he demands payment, and when a bill is paid the holder shall forthwith deliver it up to the party paying it.

（１）如汇票已获一般承兑，为使承兑人对汇票负责，并非必须提示付款。

　　（２）如按保留承兑的条件，持票人必须提示付款，如若汇票未明确规定，承兑人不能在汇票到期时因未提示付款而解除责任。

　　（３）为使汇票承兑人对汇票负责，并非必须要对汇票作成拒绝证书或向承兑人发出退票通知。

（４）如持票人提示付款，应向被要求付款之人展示汇票，在获得付款后，持票人须将汇票立即交付给该付款的当事人。

 

Annotations: Help about Annotation当事人之责任

　53 Funds in hands of drawee.　第五十三条　受款人手中的资金。

(1)A bill, of itself, does not operate as an assignment of funds in the hands of the drawee available for the payment thereof, and the drawee of a bill who does not accept as required by this Act is not liable on the instrument. This sub-section shall not extend to Scotland.

(2)in Scotland, where the drawee of a bill [F14other than a cheque] has in his hands funds available for the payment thereof, the bill operates as an assignment of the sum for which it is drawn in favour of the holder, from the time when the bill is presented to the drawee.

（１）就汇票本身而言，不能作为过户证书而将受票人手中持有以备付汇票之资金过户转让，如汇票受票人未按本法要求对汇票承兑，即对汇票不负责任。但此款规定在苏格兰不适用。

（２）在苏格兰，如汇票受票人手中持有以备付汇票之资金，则在向受票人提示汇票时，可作为过户证书而将汇票上所开列之金额过户转让给持票人。

 

54 Liability of acceptor. 第五十四条　承兑人的责任。

The acceptor of a bill, by accepting it—

(1)Engages that he will pay it according to the tenor of his acceptance:

(2)Is precluded from denying to a holder in due course:

(a)The existence of the drawer, the genuineness of his signature, and his capacity and authority to draw the bill;

(b)In the case of a bill payable to drawer’s order, the then capacity of the drawer to indorse, but not the genuineness or validity of his indorsement;

(c)In the case of a bill payable to the order of a third person, the existence of the payee and his then capacity to indorse, but not the genuineness or validity of his indorsement.

汇票的承兑人，在其承兑汇票后，即：

　　（１）根据承兑的文义，保证对汇票付款。

　　（２）不能向正当持票人否认：

　　（ａ）出票人的存在；签名之真实性；开立汇票之行为能力和权力；

（ｂ）如汇票付给出票人的指定人，则不能否认出票人背书的行为能力，但对背书的真实性和有效性不负鉴定之责。如汇票付给第三人的指定人，则不能否认受款人的存在及背书人的行为能力，但对背书的真实性和有效性不负鉴定之责。

 

55 Liability of drawer or indorser. 第五十五条　出票人和背书人的责任。

(1)The drawer of a bill by drawing it—

(a)Engages that on due presentment it shall be accepted and paid according to its tenor, and that if it be dishonoured he will compensate the holder or any indorser who is compelled to pay it, provided that the requisite proceedings on dishonour be duly taken;

(b)Is precluded from denying to a holder in due course the existence of the payee and his then capacity to indorse.

（１）出票人在开立汇票后，即：

　　（ａ）保证按汇票文义在其正当提示时被承兑或付款。如汇票遭到退票，则在对退票已履行必要之手续后，将对持票人或任何被迫付款之背书人作出赔偿；

（ｂ）不能向正当持票人否认受款人之存在及其当时背书之行为能力。

 

(2)The indorser of a bill by indorsing it—

(a)Engages that on due presentment it shall be accepted and paid according to its tenor, and that if it be dishonoured he will compensate the holder or a subsequent indorser who is compelled to pay it, provided that the requisite proceedings on dishonour be duly taken;

(b)Is precluded from denying to a holder in due course the genuineness and regularity in all respects of the drawer’s signature and all previous indorsements;

(c)Is precluded from denying to his immediate or a subsequent indorsee that the bill was at the time of his indorsement a valid and subsisting bill, and that he had then a good title thereto.

（２）汇票背书人在对汇票作出背书后，即：

　　（ａ）保证按汇票文义在其正当提示时被承兑并付款。如汇票遭到退票，则在对退票已履行必要之手续后，将对持票人或被迫付款之后手背书人作出赔偿；

　　（ｂ）不能向正当持票人否认出票人的签名及所有前手背书在各方面的真实性及合法性；

（ｃ）不能向其直接的或以后以被背书人否认汇票在其背书时是有效和实际存在的，以及当时其对汇票有效的所有权。

 

56 Stranger signing bill liable as indorser.

第五十六条　非当事人在汇票上签名与背书人负相同之责。

Where a person signs a bill otherwise than as drawer or acceptor, he thereby incurs the liabilities of an indorser to a holder in due course.

如汇票上的签名由出票人或承兑人以外的其他人作出，此人即对正当持票人负背书人之责。

 

57 Measure of damages against parties to dishonoured bill.

第五十七条　对汇票遭退票之当事人索赔损失之衡量办法。

Where a bill is dishonoured, the measure of damages, which shall be deemed to be liquidated damages, shall be as follows:

(1)The holder may recover from any party liable on the bill, and the drawer who has been compelled to pay the bill may recover from the acceptor, and an indorser who has been compelled to pay the bill may recover from the acceptor or from the drawer, or from a prior indorser—

(a)The amount of the bill:

(b)Interest thereon from the time of presentment for payment if the bill is payable on demand, and from the maturity of the bill in any other case:

 

(c)The expenses of noting, or, when protest is necessary, and the protest has been extended, the expenses of protest.

如汇票遭退票，对应予赔偿损害之衡量办法如下：

　　（１）持票人得向对汇票负责之任何当事人取得偿付；被迫付款之出票人得向承兑人取得偿付；被迫付款之背书人得向承兑人或出票人或其前手背书人取得偿付。此项应偿付的款项包括：

　　（ａ）汇票金额；

　　（ｂ）如为见票即付汇票，则从提示付款日起计算利息。在其他任何情况下，自汇票到期日起计算利息；

（ｃ）作成公证记录之费用，或如必须作成拒绝证书而拒绝证书已经作成者，则包括作成拒绝证书之费用。

 

(2)Where by this Act interest may be recovered as damages, such interest may, if justice require it, be withheld wholly or in part, and where a bill is expressed to be payable with interest at a given rate, interest as damages may or may not be given at the same rate as interest proper.

（2）如依照本法可追偿利息作为损失之赔偿，此项利息如出于公正考虑，得全部或部分予以扣留。如汇票明确规定付款应包括按一定利率计算的利息，则作为赔偿损失的利息可以按照或不按照相同利率作为合适之利率给付。

 

58 Transferor by delivery and transferee. 第五十八条　交付汇票之转让人和受让人。

(1)Where the holder of a bill payable to bearer negotiates it by delivery without indorsing it he is called a “transferor by delivery.”

(2)A transferor by delivery is not liable on the instrument.

(3)A transferor by delivery who negotiates a bill thereby warrants to his immediate transferee being a holder for value that the bill is what it purports to be, that he has a right to transfer it, and that at the time of transfer he is not aware of any fact which renders it valueless.

（１）如来人汇票之持票人以交付方式而不以背书方式流通转让汇票，该持票人被称为“交付转让人”。

　　（２）交付转让人对汇票不负责任。

（３）交付转让人流通转让汇票后，即向其作为付对价持票人之直接受让人保证所转让之汇票即为所声称有权转让之汇票，且在转让时不知有任何致汇票无价值之事实。

 

Discharge of Bill汇票责任的解除

　59 Payment in due course.　第五十九条　正当付款。

(1)A bill is discharged by payment in due course by or on behalf of the drawee or acceptor.

“Payment in due course” means payment made at or after the maturity of the bill to the holder thereof in good faith and without notice that his title to the bill is defective.

(2)Subject to the provisions herein-after contained, when a bill is paid by the drawer or an indorser it is not discharged; but

(a)Where a bill payable to, or to the order of, a third party is paid by the drawer, the drawer may enforce payment thereof against the acceptor, but may not re-issue the bill.

(b)Where a bill is paid by an indorser, or where a bill payable to drawer’s order is paid by the drawer, the party paying it is remitted to his former rights as regards the acceptor or antecedent parties, and he may, if he thinks fit, strike out his own subsequent indorsements, and again negotiate the bill.

(3)Where an accommodation bill is paid in due course by the party accommodated the bill is discharged.

（１）受票人或承兑人，或代表受票人或承兑人之人，对汇票之正当付款，即解除汇票之责任。

　　“正当付款”指在汇票到期日或到期日后善意地对汇票之持票人付款，并不知持票人对汇票之所有权有任何瑕疵。

　　（２）除本法下文另有规定外，如汇票之付款由出票人或背书人作出，汇票责任并不解除，但：

　　（ａ）如出票人对付与第三人或第三人之指定人的汇票作出付款，出票人得要求汇票承兑人付款，但不能再行发出汇票。

　　（ｂ）如汇票由背书人付款，或一张付与出票人指定人的汇票由出票人付款，付款当事人重新取得先前对承兑人或前手当事人的权利。如认为合适，可涂销自己和后手之背书并再次流通转让汇票。

（３）如融通汇票由融通人正当付款，汇票责任即行解除。

 

60 Banker paying demand draft whereon indorsement is forged.

第六十条　银行支付即期汇票上之背书出于伪造。

 

When a bill payable to order on demand is drawn on a banker, and the banker on whom it is drawn pays the bill in good faith and in the ordinary course of business, it is not incumbent on the banker to show that the indorsement of the payee or any subsequent indorsement was made by or under the authority of the person whose indorsement it purports to be, and the banker is deemed to have paid the bill in due course, although such indorsement has been forged or made without authority.

　如一张付与指定人之即期汇票以银行为受票人，且银行在正常营业过程中对汇票善意地作出付款，银行无责任表明受款人之背书或任何后手背书是据称由汇票上背书之人所作，或根据其授权所作，即使此等背书出于伪造或未经授权，亦应认为银行正当地对汇票作出付款。

 

61 Acceptor the holder at maturity. 第六十一条　汇票到期日之承兑人和持票人。

When the acceptor of a bill is or becomes the holder of it at or after its maturity, in his own right, the bill is discharged.

当汇票承兑人在汇票到期或到期后，就其本人权利而言，即成为持票人，对汇票之责任亦告解除。

 

62 Express waiver. 第六十二条　明示弃权。

(1)When the holder of a bill at or after its maturity absolutely and unconditionally renounces his rights against the acceptor the bill is discharged.

The renunciation must be in writing, unless the bill is delivered up to the acceptor.

(2)The liabilities of any party to a bill may in like manner be renounced by the holder before, at, or after its maturity; but nothing in this section shall affect the rights of a holder in due course without notice of the renunciation.

（１）如汇票持票人在到期日或到期日后，绝对地和无条件地放弃其对承兑人之权利，汇票责任即告解除。

　　弃权须以书面作成，除非将汇票交付给承兑人。

（２）持票人可以同样的方式在汇票到期前、到期时或到期后撤销任何汇票当事人对汇票应负之责，但本条不影响未收到弃权通知之正当持票人之权利。