Article 48 Error第四十八条 错误

1. A State may invoke an error in a treaty as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty if the error relates to a fact or situation which was assumed by that State to exist at the time when the treaty was concluded and formed an essential basis of its consent to be bound by the treaty.

一、一国得援引条约内之错误以撤销其承受条约拘束之同意，但此项错误以关涉该国于缔结条约时假定为存在且构成其同意承受条约拘束之必要根据之事实或情势者为限。

 

2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply if the State in question contributed by its own conduct to the error or if the circumstances were such as to put that State on notice of a possible error.

二、如错误系由关系国家本身行为所助成，或如当时情况足以使该国知悉有错误之可能，第一项不适用之。

 

3. An error relating only to the wording of the text of a treaty does not affect its validity; article 79 then applies.

三、仅与条约约文用字有关之错误，不影响条约之效力，在此情形下，第七十九条适用之。

 

 

SECTION 3. TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF TREATIES

第三节 条约之终止及停止施行

 

Article 54 Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties

第五十四条 依条约规定或经当事国同意而终止或退出条约

 

The termination of a treaty or the withdrawal of a party may take place:

在下列情形下，得终止条约或一当事国得退出条约：

 

(a) in conformity with the provisions of the treaty; or（甲）依照条约之规定；或

(b) at any time by consent of all the parties after consultation with the other contracting States.

（乙）无论何时经全体当事国于谘商其他各缔约国后表示同意。

 

Article 55 Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for its entry into force 第五十五条 多边条约当事国减少至条约生效所必需之数目以下

 

Unless the treaty otherwise provides, a multilateral treaty does not terminate by reason only of the fact that the number of the parties falls below the number necessary for its entry into force.

除条约另有规定外，多边条约并不仅因其他当事国数目减少至生效所必需之数目以下而终止。

 

Article 56 Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal

第五十六条 废止或退出并无关于终止、废止或退出规定之条约

 

1. A treaty which contains no provision regarding its termination and which does not provide for denunciation or withdrawal is not subject to denunciation or withdrawal unless:

一、条约如无关于其终止之规定，亦无关于废止或退出之规定，不得废止或退出，除非：

 

(a) it is established that the parties intended to admit the possibility of denunciation or withdrawal; or （甲）经确定当事国原意为容许有废止或退出之可能；或

 

(b) a right of denunciation or withdrawal may be implied by the nature of the treaty.

（乙）由条约之性质可认为含有废止或退出之权利。

 

2. A party shall give not less than twelve months’ notice of its intention to denounce or withdraw from a treaty under paragraph 1.

二、当事国应将其依第一项废止或退出条约之意思至迟于十二个月以前通知之。

 

Article 57 Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties

第五十七条 依条约规定或经当事国同意而停止施行条约

 

The operation of a treaty in regard to all the parties or to a particular party may be suspended:

在下列情形下，条约得对全体当事国或某一当事国停止施行：

 

(a) in conformity with the provisions of the treaty; or（甲）依照条约之规定；或

(b) at any time by consent of all the parties after consultation with the other contracting States.

（乙）无论何时经全体当事国于谘商其他各缔约国后表示同意。

 

Article 58 Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only

第五十八条 多边条约仅经若干当事国协议而停止施行

 

1. Two or more parties to a multilateral treaty may conclude an agreement to suspend the operation of provisions of the treaty, temporarily and as between themselves alone, if:

一、多边条约两个以上当事国得暂时并仅于彼此间缔结协定停止施行条约之规定，如

 

(a) the possibility of such a suspension is provided for by the treaty; or

（甲）条约内规定有此种停止之可能，或

 

(b) the suspension in question is not prohibited by the treaty and:

（乙）有关之停止非为条约所禁止，且：

 

(i) does not affect the enjoyment by the other parties of their rights under the treaty or the performance of their obligations;

（一）不影响其他当事国享有条约上之权利或履行其义务；

 

(ii) is not incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.

（二）非与条约之目的及宗旨不合。

 

2. Unless in a case falling under paragraph 1 (a) the treaty otherwise provides, the parties in question shall notify the other parties of their intention to conclude the agreement and of those provisions of the treaty the operation of which they intend to suspend.

二、除属第一项（甲）款范围之情形条约另有规定者外，有关当事国应将其缔结协定之意思及条约内所欲停止施行之规定通知其他当事国。

第五十八条 多边条约仅经若干当事国协议而停止施行

 

1. Two or more parties to a multilateral treaty may conclude an agreement to suspend the operation of provisions of the treaty, temporarily and as between themselves alone, if:

一、多边条约两个以上当事国得暂时并仅于彼此间缔结协定停止施行条约之规定，如

 

(a) the possibility of such a suspension is provided for by the treaty; or

（甲）条约内规定有此种停止之可能，或

 

(b) the suspension in question is not prohibited by the treaty and:

（乙）有关之停止非为条约所禁止，且：

 

(i) does not affect the enjoyment by the other parties of their rights under the treaty or the performance of their obligations;

（一）不影响其他当事国享有条约上之权利或履行其义务；

 

(ii) is not incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.

（二）非与条约之目的及宗旨不合。

 

2. Unless in a case falling under paragraph 1 (a) the treaty otherwise provides, the parties in question shall notify the other parties of their intention to conclude the agreement and of those provisions of the treaty the operation of which they intend to suspend.

二、除属第一项（甲）款范围之情形条约另有规定者外，有关当事国应将其缔结协定之意思及条约内所欲停止施行之规定通知其他当事国。

SECTION 3. TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF TREATIES

第三节 条约之终止及停止施行

 

Article 54 Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties

第五十四条 依条约规定或经当事国同意而终止或退出条约

 

The termination of a treaty or the withdrawal of a party may take place:

在下列情形下，得终止条约或一当事国得退出条约：

 

(a) in conformity with the provisions of the treaty; or（甲）依照条约之规定；或

(b) at any time by consent of all the parties after consultation with the other contracting States.

（乙）无论何时经全体当事国于谘商其他各缔约国后表示同意。

 

Article 55 Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for its entry into force 第五十五条 多边条约当事国减少至条约生效所必需之数目以下

 

Unless the treaty otherwise provides, a multilateral treaty does not terminate by reason only of the fact that the number of the parties falls below the number necessary for its entry into force.

除条约另有规定外，多边条约并不仅因其他当事国数目减少至生效所必需之数目以下而终止。

 

Article 56 Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal

第五十六条 废止或退出并无关于终止、废止或退出规定之条约

 

1. A treaty which contains no provision regarding its termination and which does not provide for denunciation or withdrawal is not subject to denunciation or withdrawal unless:

一、条约如无关于其终止之规定，亦无关于废止或退出之规定，不得废止或退出，除非：

 

(a) it is established that the parties intended to admit the possibility of denunciation or withdrawal; or （甲）经确定当事国原意为容许有废止或退出之可能；或

 

(b) a right of denunciation or withdrawal may be implied by the nature of the treaty.

（乙）由条约之性质可认为含有废止或退出之权利。

 

2. A party shall give not less than twelve months’ notice of its intention to denounce or withdraw from a treaty under paragraph 1.

二、当事国应将其依第一项废止或退出条约之意思至迟于十二个月以前通知之。

 

Article 57 Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties

第五十七条 依条约规定或经当事国同意而停止施行条约

 

The operation of a treaty in regard to all the parties or to a particular party may be suspended:

在下列情形下，条约得对全体当事国或某一当事国停止施行：

 

(a) in conformity with the provisions of the treaty; or（甲）依照条约之规定；或

(b) at any time by consent of all the parties after consultation with the other contracting States.

（乙）无论何时经全体当事国于谘商其他各缔约国后表示同意。

 

Article 58 Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only 

Article 52 Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force

第五十二条 以威胁或使用武力对一国施行强迫

 

A treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations.

条约系违反联合国宪章所含国际法原则以威胁或使用武力而获缔结者无效。

 

Article 53 Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (“jus cogens”)

第五十三条 与一般国际法强制规律（绝对法）抵触之条约

 

A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of States as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same character.

条约在缔结时与一般国际法强制规律抵触者无效。就适用本公约而言，一般国际法强制规律指国家之国际社会全体接受并公认为不许损抑且仅有以后具有同等性质之一般国际法规律始得更改之规律。

三、倘理由仅与特定条文有关，得于下列情形下仅对各该条文援引之：

 

(a) the said clauses are separable from the remainder of the treaty with regard to their application;

（甲）有关条文在适用上可与条约其余部分分离；

 

(b) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that acceptance of those clauses was not an essential basis of the consent of the other party or parties to be bound by the treaty as a whole; and

（乙）由条约可见或另经确定各该条文之接受并非另一当事国或其他当事国同意承受整个条约拘束之必要根据；及

 

(c) continued performance of the remainder of the treaty would not be unjust.

（丙）条约其余部分之继续实施不致有失公平。

 

4. In cases falling under articles 49 and 50, the State entitled to invoke the fraud or corruption may do so with respect either to the whole treaty or, subject to paragraph 3, to the particular clauses alone.

四、在第四十九条及第五十条所称情形下，有权援引诈欺或贿赂理由之国家得对整个条约或以不违反第三项为限专对特定条文援引之。

 

5. In cases falling under articles 51, 52 and 53, no separation of the provisions of the treaty is permitted.

五、在第五十一条、第五十二条及第五十三条所称之情形下，条约之规定一概不许分离。

 

Article 45 Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty

第四十五条 丧失援引条约失效、终止、退出或停止施行条约理由之权利

 

A State may no longer invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty under articles 46 to 50 or articles 60 and 62 if, after becoming aware of the facts:

一国于知悉事实后而有下列情形之一者，即不得再援引第四十六条至第五十条或第六十条及第六十二条所规定条约失效、终止、退出或停止施行条约之理由：

 

(a) it shall have expressly agreed that the treaty is valid or remains in force or continues in operation, as the case may be; or

（甲）该国业经明白同意条约有效，或仍然生效或继续施行；或

 

(b) it must by reason of its conduct be considered as having acquiesced in the validity of the treaty or in its maintenance in force or in operation, as the case may be.

（乙）根据该国行为必须视为已默认条约之效力或条约之继续生效或施行。

 

SECTION 2. INVALIDITY OF TREATIES第二节 条约之失效

Article 46 Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties

第四十六条 国内法关于缔约权限之规定

 

1. A State may not invoke the fact that its consent to be bound by a treaty has been expressed in violation of a provision of its internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties as invalidating its consent unless that violation was manifest and concerned a rule of its internal law of fundamental importance.

一、一国不得援引其同意承受条约拘束之表示为违反该国国内法关于缔约权限之一项规定之事实以撤销其同意，但违反之情事显明且涉及其具有基本重要性之国内法之一项规则者，不在此限。

 

2. A violation is manifest if it would be objectively evident to any State conducting itself in the matter in accordance with normal practice and in good faith.

二、违反情事倘由对此事依通常惯例并秉善意处理之任何国家客观视之为显然可见者，即系显明违反。

 

Article 47 Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State

第四十七条 关于表示一国同意权力之特定限制

 

If the authority of a representative to express the consent of a State to be bound by a particular treaty has been made subject to a specific restriction, his omission to observe that restriction may not be invoked as invalidating the consent expressed by him unless the restriction was notified to the other negotiating States prior to his expressing such consent.

如代表表示一国同意承受某一条约拘束之权力附有特定限制，除非在其表示同意前已将此项限制通知其他谈判国，该国不得援引该代表未遵守限制之事实以撤销其所表示之同意。