中华人民共和国合同法（第221-300条中英文对照）

Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China

 

Article 221 Where the lease item needs maintenance or repair, the lessee may require the lessor to perform maintenance or repair within a reasonable time limit.

If the lessor fails to fulfill its obligations of maintenance or repair, the lessee may maintain or repair the lease item on its own at the lessor's expense. Where the lessee's use of the lease item is impaired due to maintenance or repair thereof, the rent shall be reduced or the lease term shall be extended accordingly.

第二百二十一条　【出租人履行维修义务】承租人在租赁物需要维修时可以要求出租人在合理期限内维修。出租人未履行维修义务的，承租人可以自行维修，维修费用由出租人负担。因维修租赁物影响承租人使用的，应当相应减少租金或者延长租期。

 Article 222 The lessee shall keep the lease item with due care and shall be liable for damages if the lease item is damaged or lost due to improper care.

第二百二十二条　【租凭物的保管】承租人应当妥善保管租赁物，因保管不善造成租赁物毁损、灭失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。

 Article 223 Subject to consent of the lessor, the lessee may make improvement on or addition to the lease item.

If the lessee makes improvement on or addition to the lease item without consent of the lessor, the lessor may require the lessee to restore the lease item to its original condition or claim compensation for the losses.

第二百二十三条　【租赁物的改善】承租人经出租人同意，可以对租赁物进行改善或者增设他物。

承租人未经出租人同意，对租赁物进行改善或者增设他物的，出租人可以要求承租人恢复原状或者赔偿损失。

 

Article 224 Subject to consent of the lessor, the lessee may sublease the lease item to a third party. Where the lessee subleases the lease item, the leasing contract between the lessee and the lessor remains valid, and if the third party causes damage to the lease item, the lessee shall compensate for the losses.

Where the lessee subleases the lease item without the consent of the lessor, the lessor may terminate the contract.

第二百二十四条　【转租】承租人经出租人同意，可以将租赁物转租给第三人。承租人转租的，承租人与出租人之间的租赁合同继续有效，第三人对租赁物造成损失的，承租人应当赔偿损失。

承租人未经出租人同意转租的，出租人可以解除合同。

 

Article 225 During the lease term, any benefit accrued from the possession or use of the lease item belongs to the lessee, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

第二百二十五条　【租赁物的收益】在租赁期间因占有、使用租赁物获得的收益，归承租人所有，但当事人另有约定的除外。

 

Article 226 The lessee shall pay the rent at the agreed time. Where the time of payment is not agreed or the agreement is not clear, nor can it be determined in accordance with Article 61 of this Law, the rent shall be paid at the end of the lease term if it is less than one year; if the lease term is one year or longer, the rent shall be paid at the end of each annual period, and where the remaining period is less than one year, the rent shall be paid at the end of the lease term.

第二百二十六条　【支付租金的期限】承租人应当按照约定的期限支付租金。对支付期限没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定，租赁期间不满一年的，应当在租赁期间届满时支付；租赁期间一年以上的，应当在每届满一年时支付，剩余期间不满一年的，应当在租赁期间届满时支付。

 

Article 227 Where the lessee fails to pay or delays in paying the rent without any reason, the lessor may require the lessee to pay the rent within a reasonable time limit. If the lessee fails to pay the rent at the end of such time limit, the lessor may terminate the contract.

第二百二十七条　【租金的未支付、迟延支付和逾期不支付】承租人无正当理由未支付或者迟延支付租金的，出租人可以要求承租人在合理期限内支付。承租人逾期不支付的，出租人可以解除合同。

 

Article 228 If due to any claim by a third party, the lessee is unable to use or accrue benefit from the lease item, the lessee may require reduction in rent or refuse to pay rent.

In case of any claim by a third party, the lessee shall timely notify the lessor.

第二百二十八条　【租赁物的权利瑕疵】因第三人主张权利，致使承租人不能对租赁物使用、收益的，承租人可以要求减少租金或者不支付租金。

第三人主张权利的，承租人应当及时通知出租人。

 

Article 229 Any change of ownership to the lease item does not affect the validity of the leasing contract.

第二百二十九条　【所有权变动后的合同效力】租赁物在租赁期间发生所有权变动的，不影响租赁合同的效力。

 

Article 230 Where the lessor is to sell a dwelling unit under a lease, it shall give the lessee a notice within a reasonable time limit before the sale, and the lessee has the right of first refusal under the same conditions.

第二百三十条　【优先购买权】出租人出卖租赁房屋的，应当在出卖之前的合理期限内通知承租人，承租人享有以同等条件优先购买的权利。

 

Article 231 Where the lease item is damaged or lost in part or in whole due to any reason not attributable to the lessee, the lessee may require reduction in rent or refuse to pay rent; where the purpose of the contract can not be achieved due to damage to or loss of the lease item in part or in whole, the lessee may terminate the contract.

第二百三十一条　【租赁物的灭失】因不可归责于承租人的事由，致使租赁物部分或者全部毁损、灭失的，承租人可以要求减少租金或者不支付租金；因租赁物部分或者全部毁损、灭失，致使不能实现合同目的的，承租人可以解除合同。

 

Article 232 Where the term of a lease is not agreed or the agreement is not clear, nor can it be determined in accordance with Article 61 of this Law, such lease is deemed a non-term lease. Either party may terminate the contract at any time, provided that the lessor shall give the lessee a reasonable advance notice before it terminates the contract.

第二百三十二条　【租期不明的处理】当事人对租赁期限没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，视为不定期租赁。当事人可以随时解除合同，但出租人解除合同应当在合理期限之前通知承租人。

 

Article 233 Where the lease item endangers the safety or health of the lessee, the lessee may terminate the contract at any time even if the lessee knows the lease item does not meet the quality requirements when concluding the contract.

第二百三十三条　【租赁物的瑕疵担保】租赁物危及承租人的安全或者健康的，即使承租人订立合同时明知该租赁物质量不合格，承租人仍然可以随时解除合同。

 

Article 234 Where the lessee is deceased during the term of a dwelling unit lease, the person jointly living in the unit with the lessee while the lessee is alive may continue leasing it on the terms of the original leasing contract.

第二百三十四条　【共同居住人的居住权】承租人在房屋租赁期间死亡的，与其生前共同居住的人可以按照原租赁合同租赁该房屋。

 

Article 235 The lessee shall return the lease item at the end of the lease term. The returned lease item shall be in a condition resulting from its use in the agreed manner or in a manner consistent with its nature.

第二百三十五条　【租赁物的返还】租赁期间届满，承租人应当返还租赁物。返还的租赁物应当符合按照约定或者租赁物的性质使用后的状态。

 

Article 236 Upon expiration of the lease term, if the lessee continues to use the lease item without objection by the lessor, the original leasing contract remains effective, provided that it becomes a non-term lease.

第二百三十六条　【续租】租赁期间届满，承租人继续使用租赁物，出租人没有提出异议的，原租赁合同继续有效，但租赁期限为不定期。

 

Chapter 14 Financial Leasing Contracts

第十四章　融资租赁合同

 

Article 237 A financial leasing contract is a contract whereby the lessor, upon purchase of the lessee-selected lease item from a lessee-selected seller, provides the lease item to the lessee for its use, and the lessee pays the rent.

第二百三十七条　【定义】融资租赁合同是出租人根据承租人对出卖人、租赁物的选择，向出卖人购买租赁物，提供给承租人使用，承租人支付租金的合同。

 

Article 238 The contents of a financial leasing contract include terms such as the name, quantity, specifications, technical performance, and method of inspection of the lease item, the lease term, the rental components and the time, method and currency of payment, as well as the ownership of the lease item at the end of the lease term, etc.

A financial leasing contract shall be concluded in writing.

第二百三十八条　【合同的主要条款及形式】融资租赁合同的内容包括租赁物名称、数量、规格、技术性能、检验方法、租赁期限、租金构成及其支付期限和方式、币种、租赁期间届满租赁物的归属等条款。

融资租赁合同应当采用书面形式。

 

Article 239 Under the sales contract concluded by the lessor according to the lessee's selection of the seller and the lease item, the seller shall deliver the subject matter to the lessee in accordance with the contract, and the lessee enjoys the rights of the buyer in respect of taking delivery of the subject matter.

第二百三十九条　【租赁物的购买】出租人根据承租人对出卖人、租赁物的选择订立的买卖合同，出卖人应当按照约定向承租人交付标的物，承租人享有与受领标的物有关的买受人的权利。

 

Article 240 The lessor, the seller and the lessee may agree that any claim arising from the seller's failure in the performance of its obligations under the sales contract will be made by the lessee. Where the lessee makes such a claim, the lessor shall provide assistance.

第二百四十条　【索赔权】出租人、出卖人、承租人可以约定，出卖人不履行买卖合同义务的，由承租人行使索赔的权利。承租人行使索赔权利的，出租人应当协助。

 

Article 241 Without the consent of the lessee, the lessor may not amend any lessee-related term in the sales contract concluded by it according to the lessee's selection of the seller and the lease item.

第二百四十一条　【买卖合同的变更】出租人根据承租人对出卖人、租赁物的选择订立的买卖合同，未经承租人同意，出租人不得变更与承租人有关的合同内容。

 

Article 242 The lessor shall be entitled to the ownership of the lease item. In case the lessee goes bankruptcy, the lease item is not part of its bankruptcy assets.

第二百四十二条　【租赁物所有权】出租人享有租赁物的所有权。承租人破产的，租赁物不属于破产财产。

 

Article 243 Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the rent under a financial leasing contract shall be determined based on the major portion of or full costs of purchasing the lease item and the lessor's reasonable profit.

第二百四十三条　【租金的确定】融资租赁合同的租金，除当事人另有约定的以外，应当根据购买租赁物的大部分或者全部成本以及出租人的合理利润确定。

 

Article 244 Where the lease item does not comply with the contract or is not fit for the intended purpose, the lessor is not liable, except where the lessee relies on the skills of the lessor in selecting the lease item or the lessor interferes with the selection thereof.

第二百四十四条　【租赁物的瑕疵担保责任】租赁物不符合约定或者不符合使用目的的，出租人不承担责任，但承租人依赖出租人的技能确定租赁物或者出租人干预选择租赁物的除外。

 

Article 245 The lessor shall give warranty in respect of the lessee's possession and use of the lease item.

第二百四十五条　【租赁物的占有和使用】出租人应当保证承租人对租赁物的占有和使用。

 

Article 246 If in the possession of the lessee, the lease item causes personal injury or property damage to a third party, the lessor is not liable.

第二百四十六条　【租赁物造成的损害责任】承租人占有租赁物期间，租赁物造成第三人的人身伤害或者财产损害的，出租人不承担责任。

 

Article 247 The lessee shall keep and use the lease item with due care. While in possession of the lease item, the lessee shall perform the obligations of maintenance and repair thereof.

第二百四十七条　【租赁物的保管、使用、维修】承租人应当妥善保管、使用租赁物。

承租人应当履行占有租赁物期间的维修义务。

 

Article 248 The lessee shall pay the rent in accordance with the contract. Where the lessee fails to pay the rent within a reasonable time limit after receiving the demand for payment from the lessor, the lessor may require payment of the full rent; or it may terminate the contract and take back the lease item.

第二百四十八条　【承租人拒付租金责任】承租人应当按照约定支付租金。承租人经催告后在合理期限内仍不支付租金的，出租人可以要求支付全部租金；也可以解除合同，收回租赁物。

 

Article 249 Where the parties agree that the lease item shall belong to the lessee at the expiry of the lease term, the lessee has paid the majority of the rent but is unable to pay the remaining rent, and the lessor terminates the contract for this reason and takes back the lease item, if the value of the lease item taken back exceeds the rent and other expenses which the lessee owes to the lessor, the lessee may request the lessor to return a certain part.

第二百四十九条　【租赁物价值的部分返还权】当事人约定租赁期间届满租赁物归承租人所有，承租人已经支付大部分租金，但无力支付剩余租金，出租人因此解除合同收回租赁物的，收回的租赁物的价值超过承租人欠付的租金以及其他费用的，承租人可以要求部分返还。

 

Article 250 The lessor and the lessee may agree on the ownership of the lease item at the expiry of the lease term. Where ownership of the lease item is not agreed or the agreement is not clear, nor can it be determined in accordance with Article 61 of this Law, the ownership of the lease item shall belong to the lessor.

第二百五十条　【租赁期满租赁物归属】出租人和承租人可以约定租赁期间届满租赁物的归属。对租赁物的归属没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，租赁物的所有权归出租人。

 

Chapter 15 Contracts for Work

第十五章　承揽合同

 

Article 251 A contract for work is a contract whereby the contractor shall, in light of the requirements of the ordering party, complete certain work and deliver the results therefrom, and the ordering party pays the remuneration therefor.

Work includes processing, ordering, repairing, duplicating, testing, inspecting, etc..

第二百五十一条　【定义】承揽合同是承揽人按照定作人的要求完成工作，交付工作成果，定作人给付报酬的合同。

承揽包括加工、定作、修理、复制、测试、检验等工作。

 

Article 252 The contents of a contract for work shall contain such clauses as the subject matter, quantity, quality, remuneration, method of the work, supply of materials, term of performance, standards and method of inspection.

第二百五十二条　【合同的主要条款】承揽合同的内容包括承揽的标的、数量、质量、报酬、承揽方式、材料的提供、履行期限、验收标准和方法等条款。

 

Article 253 The contractor shall use its own equipment, skills and labor to complete the main part of the work, except as otherwise agreed upon by the parties.

Where the contractor assigns the contracted work to a third party for completion, the contractor shall be responsible to the ordering party in respect of the work results completed by the ordering party. Where the assignment is not approved by the ordering party, the ordering party may terminate the contract.

第二百五十三条　【承揽工作的完成】承揽人应当以自己的设备、技术和劳力，完成主要工作，但当事人另有约定的除外。

承揽人将其承揽的主要工作交由第三人完成的，应当就该第三人完成的工作成果向定作人负责；未经定作人同意的，定作人也可以解除合同。

 

Article 254 The contractor may assign some ancillary work contracted to a third party for completion.

Where the contractor assigns some ancillary work to a third party for completion, the contractor hall be responsible to the ordering party for the work result completed by a third party.

第二百五十四条　【承揽人对辅助性工作的责任】承揽人可以将其承揽的辅助工作交由第三人完成。承揽人将其承揽的辅助工作交由第三人完成的，应当就该第三人完成的工作成果向定作人负责。

 

Article 255 Where the contractor is to supply the materials, the contractor shall select the materials in accordance with the contract and shall make such materials available for inspection by the ordering party.

第二百五十五条　【承揽人提供材料的义务】承揽人提供材料的，承揽人应当按照约定选用材料，并接受定作人检验。

 

Article 256 Where the ordering party is to supply the materials, it shall supply the materials in accordance with the contract. The contractor shall timely inspect the materials supplied by the ordering party, and if it discovers that they do not conform to the agreement in the contract, it shall timely notify the ordering party to replace them or supply what is lacking or take other remedial measures.

The contractor may not replace the materials supplied by the ordering party without authorization, and may not replace any components which do not need to be repaired.

第二百五十六条　【定作人提供材料及双方义务】定作人提供材料的，定作人应当按照约定提供材料。承揽人对定作人提供的材料，应当及时检验，发现不符合约定时，应当及时通知定作人更换、补齐或者采取其他补救措施。

承揽人不得擅自更换定作人提供的材料，不得更换不需要修理的零部件。

 

Article 257 Where the contractor discovers that the drawings or technical requirements provided by the ordering party are unreasonable, it shall timely notify the ordering party. Where any losses are caused to the contractor due to the indolent reply of the ordering party and other reasons, the ordering party shall be liable for making compensation.

第二百五十七条　【承揽人的通知义务】承揽人发现定作人提供的图纸或者技术要求不合理的，应当及时通知定作人。因定作人怠于答复等原因造成承揽人损失的，应当赔偿损失。

 

Article 258 Where the ordering party changes its requirements for the contracted work while the work is under way, thereby causing losses to the contractor, the ordering party shall be liable for making compensation.

第二百五十八条　【中途变更工作要求的责任】定作人中途变更承揽工作的要求，造成承揽人损失的，应当赔偿损失。

 

Article 259 Where the performance of the contracted work requires assistance of the ordering party, the ordering party shall have the obligation to provide assistance. Where the contracted work is unable to be completed due to the ordering party's failure in fulfilling its obligation of assistance, the contractor may urge the ordering party to perform its obligation within a

reasonable time limit and may extend the term of its performance; where the ordering party fails to perform such obligation within the time limit, the contractor may terminate the contract.

第二百五十九条　【定作人的协助义务】承揽工作需要定作人协助的，定作人有协助的义务。

定作人不履行协助义务致使承揽工作不能完成的，承揽人可以催告定作人在合理期限内履行义务，并可以顺延履行期限；定作人逾期不履行的，承揽人可以解除合同。

 

Article 260 In the period of working, the contractor shall accept the necessary supervision over and inspection of the work by the ordering party. The ordering party may not obstruct the normal work of the contractor with the supervision and inspection.

第二百六十条　【承揽人接受监督检查的义务】承揽人在工作期间，应当接受定作人必要的监督检验。定作人不得因监督检验妨碍承揽人的正常工作。

 

Article 261 Upon the completion of the contracted work, the contractor shall deliver the work results to the ordering party and shall submit necessary technical materials and the relevant quality certificate. The ordering party shall conduct acceptance inspection of the work results.

第二百六十一条　【验收质量保证】承揽人完成工作的，应当向定作人交付工作成果，并提交必要的技术资料和有关质量证明。定作人应当验收该工作成果。

 

Article 262 Where the work results delivered by the contractor fail to meet the quality requirements, the ordering party may request the contractor to bear the liabilities for the breach of contract by way of repairing, remaking, reducing remuneration, or making compensation.

第二百六十二条　【质量不合约定的责任】承揽人交付的工作成果不符合质量要求的，定作人可以要求承揽人承担修理、重作、减少报酬、赔偿损失等违约责任。

 

Article 263 The ordering party shall pay the remuneration at the agreed time limit. Where the time limit of payment is not agreed or the agreement is not clear, nor can it be determined in accordance with Article 61 of this Law, the ordering party shall pay it at the time when the contractor delivers the work results; where the work results are partially delivered, the ordering party shall make payment accordingly.

第二百六十三条　【支付报酬期限】定作人应当按照约定的期限支付报酬。对支付报酬的期限没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，定作人应当在承揽人交付工作成果时支付；工作成果部分交付的，定作人应当相应支付。

 

Article 264 Where the ordering party fails to pay the remuneration or cost for the materials, etc. to the contractor, the contractor is entitled to lien upon the work results, except as otherwise agreed upon by the parties.

第二百六十四条　【承揽人的留置权】定作人未向承揽人支付报酬或者材料费等价款的，承揽人对完成的工作成果享有留置权，但当事人另有约定的除外。

 

Article 265 The contractor shall keep the materials supplied by the ordering party and the completed work results with due care, and shall be liable for damages in case of any damage or losses due to improper care.

第二百六十五条　【材料的保管】承揽人应当妥善保管定作人提供的材料以及完成的工作成果，因保管不善造成毁损、灭失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。

 

Article 266 The contractor shall keep the relevant information confidential as required by the ordering party, and may not retain any replica or technical material without permission of the ordering party.

第二百六十六条　【承揽人的保密义务】承揽人应当按照定作人的要求保守秘密，未经定作人许可，不得留存复制品或者技术资料。

 

Article 267 Joint contractors are jointly and severally liable to the ordering party, except as otherwise agreed upon by the parties.

第二百六十七条　【共同承揽】共同承揽人对定作人承担连带责任，但当事人另有约定的除外。

 

Article 268 The ordering party may terminate the contract at any time, but it shall bear the liability for making compensation for losses, if the contractor suffers losses therefrom.

第二百六十八条　【定作人的解除权】定作人可以随时解除承揽合同，造成承揽人损失的，应当赔偿损失。

 

Chapter 16 Contracts for Construction Projects

第十六章　建设工程合同

 

Article 269 A contract for construction project is a contract whereby the contractor performs project construction, and the developer pays the price.

Contracts for construction projects include contracts for survey, design, and construction.

第二百六十九条　【定义】建设工程合同是承包人进行工程建设，发包人支付价款的合同。

建设工程合同包括工程勘察、设计、施工合同。

 

Article 270 A contract for construction project shall be in written form.

第二百七十条　【合同形式】建设工程合同应当采用书面形式。

 

Article 271 Tendering for a construction project shall be conducted in an open, fair and impartial manner in accordance with the relevant laws.

第二百七十一条　【招标投标】建设工程的招标投标活动，应当依照有关法律的规定公开、公平、公正进行。

 

Article 272 The developer may enter into a contract for construction project with a prime contractor, or enter into contracts for survey, design, and construction with the surveyor, designer, and constructor respectively.

The developer may not divide a construction project which should be completed by one contractor into several parts and contract them out to several contractors.

Subject to consent by the developer, the prime contractor or the contractor for survey, design, or construction may delegate part of the contracted work to a third party. The third party and the prime contractor or the contractor for survey, design, or construction shall be jointly and severally liable to the developer in respect of the work product completed by such third party. The contractor may not assign in whole to any third party the contracted construction project, or divide the whole contracted construction project into several parts and separately assign each part to a third party under the guise of sub-contracting.

The contractor is prohibited from sub-contracting any part of the project to an entity not appropriately qualified. A sub-contractor is prohibited from further sub-contracting its contracted work. The main structure of the construction project must be constructed by the contractor itself.

第二百七十二条　【总包与分包】发包人可以与总承包人订立建设工程合同，也可以分别与勘察人、设计人、施工人订立勘察、设计、施工承包合同。发包人不得将应当由一个承包人完成的建设工程肢解成若干部分发包给几个承包人。

总承包人或者勘察、设计、施工承包人经发包人同意，可以将自己承包的部分工作交由第三人完成。第三人就其完成的工作成果与总承包人或者勘察、设计、施工承包人向发包人承担连带责任。承包人不得将其承包的全部建设工程转包给第三人或者将其承包的全部建设工程肢解以后以分包的名义分别转包给第三人。

禁止承包人将工程分包给不具备相应资质条件的单位。禁止分包单位将其承包的工程再分包。建设工程主体结构的施工必须由承包人自行完成。

 

Article 273 A contract for a major state construction project shall be concluded in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the state and in compliance with the state-approved documents such as the investment plan and feasibility studies report, etc.

第二百七十三条　【重大建设工程合同的订立】国家重大建设工程合同，应当按照国家规定的程序和国家批准的投资计划、可行性研究报告等文件订立。

 

Article 274 A contract for survey or design includes terms such as the time limit for submission of the relevant basic information and documents (including budget estimate), the quality requirements, fees, and other conditions of cooperation, etc.

第二百七十四条　【勘察、设计合同主要内容】勘察、设计合同的内容包括提交有关基础资料和文件（包括概预算）的期限、质量要求、费用以及其他协作条件等条款。

 

Article 275 A construction contract includes terms such as the scope of the project, the construction period, the time for commencement and completion of any work to be commissioned in the interim, the quality of the project, the cost of the project, the time for delivery of technical materials, the responsibilities for the supply of materials and equipment, the appropriation of

funds and settlement of account, inspection upon completion of the project, the scope and period of quality warranty, and cooperation between the parties, etc.

第二百七十五条　【施工合同主要条款】施工合同的内容包括工程范围、建设工期、中间交工工程的开工和竣工时间、工程质量、工程造价、技术资料交付时间、材料和设备供应责任、拨款和结算、竣工验收、质量保修范围和质量保证期、双方相互协作等条款。

 

Article 276 Where the construction project is subject to supervision, the developer shall enter into an agency appointment contract for project supervision with a project supervisor in writing. The rights, obligations and associated legal liabilities of the developer and supervisor shall be prescribed in accordance with the provisions hereof concerning agency appointment contracts and the provisions of other relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第二百七十六条　【建设工程监理】建设工程实行监理的，发包人应当与监理人采用书面形式订立委托监理合同。发包人与监理人的权利和义务以及法律责任，应当依照本法委托合同以及其他有关法律、行政法规的规定。

 

Article 277 Provided that the developer does not interfere with the normal operation of the contractor, it may inspect the progress and quality of the work at any time.

第二百七十七条　【发包人检查权】发包人在不妨碍承包人正常作业的情况下，可以随时对作业进度、质量进行检查。

 

Article 278 In the case of concealed work, the contractor shall give the developer notice for inspection prior to concealment. Where the developer fails to timely conduct inspection, the contractor may extend the relevant project milestones, and is entitled to claim damages for work stoppage or work slowdown, etc.

第二百七十八条　【隐蔽工程的验收】隐蔽工程在隐蔽以前，承包人应当通知发包人检查。发包人没有及时检查的，承包人可以顺延工程日期，并有权要求赔偿停工、窝工等损失。

 

Article 279 Upon completion of the construction project, the developer shall conduct acceptance inspection according to the construction drawings and specifications, and in accordance with the rules of construction inspection and quality inspection standard prescribed by the state. Once the construction project has passed the acceptance inspection, the developer shall pay the

prescribed price and accept the construction project.

The completed construction project may be put into use only after it has passed the acceptance inspection; if the construction project has not been inspected or has failed the inspection, it may not be put into use.

第二百七十九条　【竣工验收】建设工程竣工后，发包人应当根据施工图纸及说明书、国家颁发的施工验收规范和质量检验标准及时进行验收。验收合格的，发包人应当按照约定支付价款，并接收该建设工程。

建设工程竣工经验收合格后，方可交付使用；未经验收或者验收不合格的，不得交付使用。

 

Article 280 Where the developer sustains any loss from construction delay due to non-compliance of the survey or design or due to delayed delivery of the survey or design documents, the surveyor or the designer shall continue to improve the survey or design, reduce or forgo the survey fee or design fee, and pay damages.

第二百八十条　【勘察、设计人质量责任】勘察、设计的质量不符合要求或者未按照期限提交勘察、设计文件拖延工期，造成发包人损失的，勘察人、设计人应当继续完善勘察、设计，减收或者免收勘察、设计费并赔偿损失。

 

Article 281 Where the construction project fails to meet the prescribed quality requirements due to any reason attributable to the constructor, the developer is entitled to require the constructor to repair, re-construct or make alteration free of charge within a reasonable time. Where delivery

of the project is delayed due to such repair, re-construction or alteration, the constructor shall be liable for breach of contract.

第二百八十一条　【施工人的质量责任】因施工人的原因致使建设工程质量不符合约定的，发包人有权要求施工人在合理期限内无偿修理或者返工、改建。经过修理或者返工、改建后，造成逾期交付的，施工人应当承担违约责任。

 

Article 282 Where the construction project caused personal injury and property damage during its reasonable usage period due to any reason attributable to the contractor, the contractor shall be liable for damages.

第二百八十二条　【质量保证责任】因承包人的原因致使建设工程在合理使用期限内造成人身和财产损害的，承包人应当承担损害赔偿责任。

 

Article 283 Where the developer fails to provide raw materials, equipment, site, funds, or technical information at the prescribed time and in accordance with the contractual requirements, the contractor may extend the relevant project milestones, and is entitled to claim damages for work stoppage or slowdown, etc.

第二百八十三条　【发包人违约责任】发包人未按照约定的时间和要求提供原材料、设备、场地、资金、技术资料的，承包人可以顺延工程日期，并有权要求赔偿停工、窝工等损失。

 

Article 284 If an ongoing project is stopped or delayed due to any reason attributable to the developer, the developer shall take the appropriate measures to make up or mitigate the loss, and shall indemnify the contractor for its loss and out-of-pocket expenses arising from resulting work stoppage, slowdown, reshipment, re-dispatch of mechanical equipment, and excess inventory of materials and assemblies, etc.

第二百八十四条　【发包人原因致工程停建、缓建的责任】因发包人的原因致使工程中途停建、缓建的，发包人应当采取措施弥补或者减少损失，赔偿承包人因此造成的停工、窝工、倒运、机械设备调迁、材料和构件积压等损失和实际费用。

 

Article 285 Where in the course of survey or design, any repeating work, work stoppage or change of design occurs due to the developer's change of plan, the incorrect information provided by it, or its failure to provide the working conditions necessary for the survey or design at the prescribed time, the developer shall increase the fees in light of the actual amount of work done

by the surveyor or designer.

第二百八十五条　【发包人的原因致勘察、设计、返工、停工或修改设计的责任】因发包人变更计划，提供的资料不准确，或者未按照期限提供必需的勘察、设计工作条件而造成勘察、设计的返工、停工或者修改设计，发包人应当按照勘察人、设计人实际消耗的工作量增付费用。

 

Article 286 If the developer failed to pay the price in accordance with the contract, the contractor may demand payment from the developer within a reasonable period. Where the developer fails to pay the price at the end of such period, the contractor may enter into an agreement with the developer to liquidate the project, and may also petition the People's Court to auction the

project in accordance with the law, unless such project is not fit for liquidation or auction in light of its nature.

The construction project price shall be paid in priority out of proceeds from the liquidation or auction of the project.

第二百八十六条　【工程价款的支付】发包人未按照约定支付价款的，承包人可以催告发包人在合理期限内支付价款。发包人逾期不支付的，除按照建设工程的性质不宜折价、拍卖的以外，承包人可以与发包人协议将该工程折价，也可以申请人民法院将该工程依法拍卖。建设工程的价款就该工程折价或者拍卖的价款优先受偿。

 

Article 287 A matter not provided for in this Chapter shall be governed by the relevant provision governing contracts of hired works.

第二百八十七条　【适用承揽合同的规定】本章没有规定的，适用承揽合同的有关规定。

 

Chapter 17 Transportation Contracts

第十七章　运输合同

 

Section One General Provisions

第一节　一般规定

 

Article 288 A transportation contract is a contract whereby the carrier carries passengers or cargoes from the starting place of carriage to the agreed destination, and the passenger, consignor or consignee pays for the ticket-fare or freight.

第二百八十八条　【定义】运输合同是承运人将旅客或者货物从起运地点运输到约定地点，旅客、托运人或者收货人支付票款或者运输费用的合同。

 

Article 289 A carrier engaged in public transportation may not refuse the normal and reasonable carriage request of a passenger or consignor.

第二百八十九条　【公共运输承运人】从事公共运输的承运人不得拒绝旅客、托运人通常、合理的运输要求。

 

Article 290 The carrier shall safely carry the passengers or cargoes to the agreed destination within the agreed time or within a reasonable time.

第二百九十条　【按约定期间运输义务】承运人应当在约定期间或者合理期间内将旅客、货物安全运输到约定地点。

 

Article 291 The carrier shall carry the passengers or cargoes to the agreed destination via the agreed route or the customary carriage route.

第二百九十一条　【按约定路线运输义务】承运人应当按照约定的或者通常的运输路线将旅客、货物运输到约定地点。

 

Article 292 A passenger, a consignor or a consignee shall pay the ticket-fare or freight. Where the carrier fails to carry the passengers or the cargoes via the agreed or customary carriage route, thereby increasing the ticket-fare or freight, the passenger, consignor or consignee may refuse to pay any increased portion thereof.

 

 

第二百九十二条　【旅客、托运人或收货人基本义务】旅客、托运人或者收货人应当支付票款或者运输费用。承运人未按照约定路线或者通常路线运输增加票款或者运输费用的，旅客、托运人或者收货人可以拒绝支付增加部分的票款或者运输费用。

 

Section Two Passenger Transportation contracts

第二节　客运合同

 

Article 293 A passenger transportation contract is established upon the carrier's delivery of the passenger ticket to the passenger, except as otherwise agreed upon by the parties or there are other transaction practices.

第二百九十三条　【合同的成立】客运合同自承运人向旅客交付客票时成立，但当事人另有约定或者另有交易习惯的除外。

 

Article 294 The passenger shall board the means of transportation with a valid passenger ticket. If the passenger boards without a ticket, exceeds the distance paid for, takes a higher class or higher berth than booked, or boards with an invalid ticket, he shall make up the payment for an appropriate ticket, and the carrier may charge an additional payment in accordance with the relevant provisions. Where the passenger fails to pay the ticket-fare, the carrier may refuse to carry.

第二百九十四条　【持有效客票乘运义务】旅客应当持有效客票乘运。旅客无票乘运、超程乘运、越级乘运或者持失效客票乘运的，应当补交票款，承运人可以按照规定加收票款。旅客不交付票款的，承运人可以拒绝运输。

 

Article 295 Where the passenger is unable to board the means of transportation at the time stated on the passenger ticket due to any reason attributable to himself, he shall undergo the formalities for ticket cancellation and refund or for ticket modification within the agreed period. Where the passenger fails to do so within the time period, the carrier may refuse to refund the ticket-fare, and no longer bear the obligation of carriage.

 

第二百九十五条　【退票与变更】旅客因自己的原因不能按照客票记载的时间乘坐的，应当在约定的时间内办理退票或者变更手续。逾期办理的，承运人可以不退票款，并不再承担运输义务。

 

Article 296 In the course of carriage, the passenger's carry-on luggage shall be within the agreed limit of quantity. Where the luggage exceeds the agreed limit of quantity, the additional luggage shall be checked in.

第二百九十六条　【按约定限量携带行李义务】旅客在运输中应当按照约定的限量携带行李。超过限量携带行李的，应当办理托运手续。

 

Article 297 The passenger may not bring with him or pack in the luggage such dangerous articles as are flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, or radioactive as well as those that might endanger the safety of life and property on board the means of transportation or other contraband articles.

Where the passenger violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the carrier may unload, destroy or turn over to the relevant authority the contraband articles. Where the passenger insists on carrying in person or placing in his luggage the contraband articles, the carrier shall refuse to carry.

第二百九十七条　【违禁品或危险物品的携带禁止】旅客不得随身携带或者在行李中夹带易燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性、有放射性以及有可能危及运输工具上人身和财产安全的危险物品或者其他违禁物品。

旅客违反前款规定的，承运人可以将违禁物品卸下、销毁或者送交有关部门。旅客坚持携带或者夹带违禁物品的，承运人应当拒绝运输。

 

Article 298 The carrier shall timely inform the passenger of any major causes hindering the normal carriage and the matters which shall be noted for purpose of safety carriage.

第二百九十八条　【承运人告知重要事项义务】承运人应当向旅客及时告知有关不能正常运输的重要事由和安全运输应当注意的事项。

 

Article 299 The carrier shall carry the passenger according to the time and the carriage schedule stated on the passenger ticket. Where the carrier delays in carriage, it shall, upon request by the passenger, either arrange the passenger to take other flights or numbers or refund the ticket-fare.

第二百九十九条　【承运人迟延运输】承运人应当按照客票载明的时间和班次运输旅客。承运人迟延运输的，应当根据旅客的要求安排改乘其他班次或者退票。

 

Article 300 Where the carrier unilaterally changes the means of transportation, thereby lowering the standards of service, it shall, upon request by the passenger, refund the ticket-fare or lower the price of the ticket; where the service standards are enhanced, no additional ticket-fare

shall be charged.

第三百条　【承运人变更运输工具】承运人擅自变更运输工具而降低服务标准的，应当根据旅客的要求退票或者减收票款；提高服务标准的，不应当加收票款。