建盏御用茶器之“供御”底款

分类: 瓷器鉴赏 |
建盏御用茶器之“供御”底款
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建窑足底,除了普通足底外,还有少量的刻款或印款的足底。“供御”底款最为常见的是贡品铭文,多为直接刻写于足底内,作阴文整体,通常都是楷书,也有模印于垫饼上,作阳文反体。
“供御”,就是进献给宋朝宫廷、皇帝使用的意思,是“御用茶器”的实物证据。但建窑并非实质意义上的官窑,它是由产品质量精良而被列入贡品,属于“有命则贡,无命则止”,即朝廷有下命就上贡,无下命时就不上贡了。
“供御”的刻款是多种多样的,大多比较刚劲有力,有的甚至得瘦金体之神韵,也有些毫无章法的。
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在窑址中,还发现了不少“供御”款的垫饼,说明当时除了刻款,还有印款的。但是,在底款残片中,我们却很少发现有“供御”的印款。可能有这样的一种原因,相比刻款,印款的字体更为、工整、漂亮(当时会读书、写字,有书法功底的工匠,肯定是非常非常少的),专门上贡官府的窑口可能多是采用印款,而相比其他窑口,这些窑口技术水平要高,残次品较少。或者,由于其实专门的官府指定窑口,其生产出来的次品也不可随意外流,需指定销毁,因此在现在常见的窑址中,很少发现“供御”印款残片,而只见“供御”垫饼。
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鉴别建盏底款不能一概而论,主要还是应该把握当时的时代气息。真款无论书法好坏、刀法如何,自然不拘是他们的共性。仿款无论怎样熟练,在这一点上总脱离不了拘谨之气。