I: 标点陷阱

一、       冒号陷阱

1.      St Petersburg was in rains: ______fires burned everywhere.

A. that   B. which    C. where    D. /

解析：许多同学会认为此题是非限制性定语从句，用来描述或说明St Petersburg的情况或in ruins 的状况，而选择了B或C。其实，此题的正确答案是D。因为两个句子之间用了冒号。这个冒号相当于连词for，连接一个句子来解释出现前面情况的原因。

2.      She left and on the table is her message: ___I have gone shopping now and will be back at 10:30.

A. that   B. where   C. which   D. /

解析：许多同学会认为此题是同位语从句，从而选择了A。其实，此题的正确答案是D。后面的句子相当于前面句子中message的内容。虽然与前面的message同位，但此冒号相当于that。

二、       句号陷阱

1.      It was Monday morning. ____Li Lei’s grandfather was ill.

A. That   B. When   C. Since   D. /

解析：许多同学会认为此题是强调句或定语从句或并列句，从而选择了A，B或C。事实上这个句子是两个独立的句子，故此题的正确答案是D。

2.      This morning he bought a novel. _____was written by Mao Dun.

A. It    B.  Which   C. As    D. That

解析：许多同学会认为此题是非限制性定语从句，用来描述或说明novel的情况，而选择了B或C。其实，此题的正确答案是A。因为两个句子之间用了句号。这个句号相当于连词and，连接两个并列的句子。

三、       逗号陷阱：

1.      It was his words and action, but not his appearance, ____moved us deeply.

A. that     B. which   C. who   D. as

解析：许多同学会认为此题是非限制性定语从句，用来描述或说明his words and action的情况，而选择了B或C或D。其实，此题的正确答案是A。整个句子是It was…that…强调句型，强调his words and action, but not his appearance,部分。

2.      _____is reported, the project was completed yesterday.

A. It    B. As    C. This    D. What

解析：许多同学会认为此题是主语从句，从而选择了A。误把it 当作形式主语。其实，此题的正确答案是B。逗号前面部分构成一个非限制性定语从句。

3.      The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.

A. not make    B. not to make   C. not making     D. do not make

解析：许多同学一看到句子的逗号就会认为此题是考察非谓语动词表示结果的用法，误选答案C。其实，此题的正确答案是B。两个不定式的句子中作表语说明主语的内容。有此类用法的词还有idea, suggestion, hope, goal, aim, dream等，如：

（1）    My idea is to visit the museum. ____to the park..

A. not go    B. not going   C. not to go    D. do not go

        (2 )   My dream is not to live on the earth but ______on the moon.

              A. live   B. living    C. to live   C. being living

             解析：同学们不难看出，以上两题的答案都是C。但值得一题的是：不定式并列作表语时，若否定的不定式在前而肯定的不定式在后，一般须用but连接，不用逗号。

4.      If a book is in English, ____means slow progress for you.

A. as      B. which    C. to live   D. that

解析：许多同学忽略了句首的if, 根据空格前面的逗号判断填空句为一个非限制性定语从句，于是将答案误选为A或B，其实，此题的正确答案是D。逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后面是该复合句的主句，that 在此代表前面的内容，作句子的主语。

请看下面几到题：

(1). if he is only interested in your books, _____just shows how shallow he is.

    A. as    B. which    C. what   D.  that

(2)        If you want to go , ____ is quite all right with me .

A. that    B. which   C. and it    D. so

(3)        When I say two hours, ____including time for eating.

A. as    B. which   C. what   D. that

(4)        If you want a double room, ____will cost another $15.

 A. as    B. which   C. what   D. that

(5)        If you have the money , ____ will be OK.

A. that    B. which   C. and it    D. so

(6)        Unless I am very mistaken, ____is my watch you are wearing.

A. as    B. which   C. what   D. that

以上答案都是that,而不是which.

5.      There were a lot of people in the reading-room, most of _____ with their heads bent down over their books.

A. them    B. whom   C. that   D. which

解析：许多同学会根据句子中的逗号想当然的认为此题是非限制性定语从句，误选答案B。其实，此题的正确答案是A。因为逗号后面没有谓语动词，根本不是一个完整的句子，而是一个带过去分词的独立主格结构。

6.      Not far from the school there was a garden , _____owner seated in it playing chess with his grandson every afternoon.

A. its     B. whose   C. which    D. that

解析：许多同学会根据句子中的逗号想当然的认为此题是非限制性定语从句，误选答案B。从表面上看，似乎正确，但事实上逗号后面没有谓语动词，根本不是一个完整的句子；其实，此题的正确答案是A。尽管有两个动词seated和playing, 但他们并不是谓语动词，而都是非谓语动词，属于“名词或代词+动词的过去分词”独立主格结构。

请看下面几个句子：

（1）    He wrote a lot of novels, many of ____translated into foreign languages.

A. it     B. them   C. which   D. that

（2）    He wrote a lot of novels, many of ____were translated into foreign languages.

A. it     B. them   C. which   D. that

（3）    He wrote a lot of novels, and many of ____were translated into foreign languages.

A. it     B. them   C. which   D. that

        以上答案是：B  C  B

7.      It is his dog, according to Li Lei, _____saved him from the trap.

A. who    B. which   C. that    D. what

解析：许多同学会误认为此题是考察定语从句，先行词是the dog或Li Lei，于是误将答案选择为A或B。其实本题是一个强调句型，是对主语the dog进行强调，因此，此题的答案是C。

8.      The children are having a good time, _____with sand, others with toys.

A. some of them playing            B. who playing 

C. some of whom are playing        D. some of them

解析：许多同学会根据句子中的逗号想当然的认为此题是非限制性定语从句，误选答案C。其实____with sand和others with toys并列，同为独立主格结构。其实，此题的正确答案是A。