51. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.

【句式翻译】这项研究发表于2009年，它发现用笔和纸来写，参与者写的文章更长，写的句子更完整，写单词的速度更快。

【句式分析】本句复合句，that 引导宾语从句，从句中又有一个when引导的状语从句，published在句中作后置定语，writing作状语。

【词语点拨】1) participant n. 参加者  participate vi.参与

He is an active participant in the civil rights movement. 他是人权运动的积极参加者。

Terry can’t participate in the match because he has hurt his foot.

特里不能参加比赛,因为他扭了脚。

2) rate n.比率；速度

House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation. 房价比通货膨胀上涨的比率高。

The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour. 轿车以每小时40里的速度行驶。

【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语, 具体用法参见第26句。

2）过去分词作定语，具体用法参见第44句。

 

52. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales.

【句式翻译】但是，捐赠者开始给值得关注的事业发送装有现金的信封，当地报纸随之发表一篇文章，这一切使一个德国北部城市相信童话。

【句式分析】本句是复合句，who 引导限制性定语从句，修饰the donator，sending 作宾语，accompanied作状语。

【词语点拨】1) deserving adj.值得的（后面常接介词of） deserve v.值得

A job well done is deserving of praise. 一件工作做得好应该受到表扬。

If you do wrong, you deserve punishment. 你如做错事, 应当受罚。

2）accompany vt.陪伴

Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa. 肯答应陪我一起去非洲。

Jane was willing to accompany you to the park to go out for a walk. 简愿陪你去公园散步。

【语法点拨】1）过去分词作状语, 具体用法参见第41句。

2）doing作宾语，具体用法参见第31句。

53. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.

【句式翻译】基础数学源自相对容易的概念，逐渐转移到更麻烦的，以便允许学生能稳定地、有把握地理解材料。

【句式分析】本句是简单句，so as to allow在句中作目的状语。

【词语点拨】1) gradually adv.逐渐地

The drugs work well at first but gradually lose their effectiveness.

这些药的效果起初非常好，但后来逐渐失效。

After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape.

经过几个月的努力，这本新书渐渐成型了。

2）allow v. 允许，常用于以下结构：

allow doing 允许做

They allowed smoking in this room only. 他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。

allow sb to do允许某人做

My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone. 我的老板不允许我用电话。

allow sb sth让某人有

I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now． 如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。

allow sb in/out/up允许某人进来/出去/起床

The patient was allowed up after ten days. 十天后病人才被允许起床(下地)。

allow for考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅

We should allow for every possible delay. 我们考虑到任何可能的延误。

【语法点拨】不定式作目的状语，具体用法参见第21句。

 

54. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as“the best math teacher in America,”is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.

【句式翻译】H•西格尔教授被肯塔基州教育电视尊称为是“美国最好的数学老师”，他是一个尽职的教师，在解释数学概念方面很有天赋，能把这些概念解释得清楚明了。

【句式分析】本句复合句，that在句中引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ways，honored作后置定语。

【词语点拨】1) devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的  devote vt. 奉献，把……用于

He married well and happily and was a devoted father and husband.

他婚姻美满幸福，是位尽职尽责的父亲，忠实的丈夫。

The editors devoted a whole page to the discussion of the housing problem.

编辑用一个整版来讨论住房问题。

2) have a gift for = have a talent for在……方面有天赋

You have a surprising gift for seeing into people’s minds.

你有惊人的才能，能看出别人的心思。

Yang Liping has a love for music and a gift for dancing.

杨丽萍热爱音乐，并具有舞蹈天赋。

【语法点拨】过去分词作定语, 具体用法参见第44句。

 

55. For example, there’re the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.

【句式翻译】例如，别人朝你笑你很可能笑，反映惊讶，愤怒或悲伤情绪的变化不太明显，如我们的心率和血压的变化。

【句式分析】本句复合句，when在句中引导省略的状语从句，that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词changes，smiled at作状语。

【词语点拨】1）tendency n.倾向；趋势；tend v.倾向

Prices continue to show an upward tendency. 物价呈继续上升的趋势。

There was a tendency in him to walk away from the impossible thing.

而对无能为力的事情，他往往就绕开走了。

People tended to accept her invitations. 人们都乐于接受她的邀请。

2）reflect v. 反映；反射; reflection n.反射；映像

Does this letter reflect how you really think? 这封信反映你的真实想法吗?

Every solid object will reflect a sound. 任何固体都能反射声音。

One can see the reflection of the tower in the water. 塔的影子倒映在水中。

【语法点拨】过去分词作状语, 具体用法参见第41句。

 

56. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.

【句式翻译】粉丝过去会对一部具体的电影而疯狂，但是现在，公众的消费倾向于建立在对名人的兴趣上，这些名人与某种指定的产品有联系。

【句式分析】本句是并列连词but连接的复合句，attached to…作后置定语。

【词语点拨】1）used to过去经常，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，后接动词原形。其否定式为：used(n)’t to/ didn’t use to；be/get used to 习惯于，其中的 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。如：

His uncle used to live in Paris. 他的叔叔过去一直住在巴黎。

Nancyusedn’t /didn’t use to eat so many sweet things. 南希过去不常吃那么多的甜食。

You used to play basketball, usedn’t /didn’t you? 你过去常打篮球，是吗?

Charles is used to looking after himself. 查尔斯习惯于自己照顾自己。

2）attach vt. 缚上；系上；附加；连接；构成短语： attach oneself to依附；热爱，依恋 be attached to连在……上，附属于；热爱，依恋 attach importance to认为……重要

Attach a stamp to the envelope and mail the letter. 把邮票贴在信封上，把信寄出去。

The cities attach great importance to the pollution problem. 这些城市非常重视污染问题。

A couple should be deeply attached to each other. 夫妻应该相亲相爱。

The little girl attached herself to her English teacher. 这个小姑娘非常喜欢她的英语老师。

【语法点拨】过去分词作定语，具体用法参见第44句。

 

57. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

【句式翻译】他们的研究发现可可含有的可可碱治疗咳嗽的有效性比可待因高三分之一，可待因目前被认为是最好的治咳嗽的药。

【句式分析】本句是复合句，which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词codeine，found in cocoa作后置定语。

【词语点拨】consider v.考虑；认为

I’m considering going abroad some day. 我一直考虑有一天出国。

He considered how he should answer the question. 他考虑应当怎样回答这个问题。

We have to consider what material to use first. 我们先得考虑用什么材料。

We consider that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们认为患难之友才是真正的朋友。

At first they considered me as a doctor. 起初他们认为我是医生。

We consider this matter to be very important. 我们认为这件事很重要。

【语法点拨】过去分词作定语，具体用法参见第44句。

 

58. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.

【句式翻译】萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出, 在预测一个人未来的成功时, 他的性格，通过情商测验来衡量, 也许比他的智商更为重要。

【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，从句中包含有一个when引导的省略的状语从句，supported 和predicting在句中作状语。

【词语点拨】1）support vt. 支撑；支持；供养；为…提供资金；n. 支持；支撑物；赡养

They supported us in the struggle for an increase in pay. 他们支持我们争取增加工资。

The research was supported by the government. 这项研究由政府出资。

I depend on my friends for emotional support. 我靠朋友给我感情支持。

Her job is the family’s only means of support. 她家全靠她的工作维持生计。 

2）suggest vt.建议；表明。当“建议”讲时，后面可以接动名词，接从句时，从句用虚拟语气；当“表明”时，后面的从句常用陈述语气。

His pale face suggested that he was badly ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他病得很厉害。

I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.=I suggest that we should bring the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。

【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。

2）过去分词作状语，具体用法参见第41句。

 

59. For example, many companies now have to invest a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”— caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. 

【句式翻译】例如，许多公司现在不得不在信息技术和职员培训上投资很多钱以便处理电话投诉—未及时接电话、谈话中线路中断或让等候太久引起投诉。

【句式分析】本句是简单句，many companies作主语，have to invest作谓语，in order to cope作目的状语，caused作后置定语，delays和being cut off作介词by的宾语。

【词语点拨】1）delay v.&n.延迟；耽搁；后面可以接doing作宾语

The passengers were delayed for an hour. 乘客被延误了一个小时。

We decided to delay going on our holiday till next month. 我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。

The strike caused a great delay in the delivery of the mail.

这次罢工严重地延误了邮件的投递。

2）cope with 对付

Do not imagine that you can cope with all the problems.别以为你能处理所有这些问题。

I don’t know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.

既要照顾家庭又要工作，我不知道她是怎样应下来的。

3）cause v.引起；导致 n.原因；事业

The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change. 在公众中缺少对环境有利的习惯被认为是导致全球气候变化的主要起因。

The cause which attracted him most was the abolition of the slave trade.

最吸引他的事业是废除买卖奴隶。

Could you tell me what caused you to change your mind?

你能告诉我是什么让你改变了主意吗？  

【语法点拨】1）不定式作目的状语，具体用法参见第21句。

2）过去分词作定语，具体用法参见第44句。

3）doing作宾语，具体用法参见第31句。

 

60. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals（ITA）in salt Lake City.

【句式翻译】据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁着棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的（忠实的）听者，这是刚开始阅读的小孩所需要的。

【句式分析】本句是简单句，dogs作主语，can provide作谓语，shining, wagging和needed都作定语。

【词语点拨】1) provide vt.提供；构成短语：provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb给某人提供……

These events provided the inspiration for his first novel.

这些事件给了他创作第一部小说的灵感。

In a word, we’ll provide you with all good service. 我们将为你们提供最好的服务。

2) confidence n.信心；构成短语：have confidence in…在……方面有信心

We have full confidence that we shall succeed. 我们完全有把握取得成功。

We have full confidence in our victory. 我们有必胜的把握。

A sick person needs absolute confidence and trust in a doctor.

病人需要对医生有绝对的信心和信任。

【语法点拨】1）现在分词作定语，具体用法参见第35句。

2）过去分词作定语，具体用法参见第44句。