it 的用法与练习

 山东省兖州市第五高级中学 张世莹

 

     it的用法是高考中常见的考查热点之一。下面我们就对it的用法作简要归纳和分析。

     一、它，指提到过的或正在谈论的动物或事物（used to refer to an animal or a thing that has already been mentioned or that is being talked about now）。例如：

     What color is your bike? It is green.

     What's this? It's a book.

    二、指婴儿，尤指性别不详者（used to refer to a baby ,especially one whose sex is not known）。例如：

    What a beautiful baby!  Is it a boy?

    Who is knocking the door? I think it is John.

    三、指已知或正在发生的事实或情况（used to refer to a fact or situation that is already known or happening）例如：

    When the factory closes ,it will mean 600 people losing their jobs.    

    四、it可以代替Ved/Ving/从句用作形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语或宾语在句末（used in the position of the subject or object of a verb when the real subject or object is at the end of the sentence）。例如：

    It is impossible to finish the work by the end of 2008.

    It is no use arguing with him.

    The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(2005全国卷1)

    It is reported that talks between the two countries are making progress.

    五、谈论时间、日期、距离、天气等时用作主语（used in the position of the subject of a verb when you are talking about time, the date, distance, the weather, etc.）。例如：

      －Did Jack come back early last night ?  －It was not yet eight o'clock when he arrived home.(2005福建卷)

       It is very cold outside. You'd better put on your coat.

      It is 100 kilometers from our school to the station.

    六、谈论情况时用（used when you are talking about a situation）。例如：If it is convenient, I will come tomorrow.

       I like it here.

    七、用于强调句型中

     强调句的结构为It is/was ＋被强调部分＋who/that+句子其余部分。此句型用于强调句子除谓语动词以外的其他部分如：主语、宾语、状语等。当被强调的是人时用who/that,当被强调的不是人时，用that。

例如：

     It is I who/that am singing.  

     I don't mind her criticizing me, but it is how she does it that I object to .(2007江西卷)

     It was not until midnight that they reached the camp site.(2008重庆卷)

   【注意】1.注意强调句的疑问句式及其在名词性从句中的语序。

    强调句的疑问句式为：特殊疑问词＋is/was+that+句子其他部分？

    它在名词性从句中语序为陈述语序。

   例如：

     I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited .(2006山东卷)

    2.注意not ...until...在强调句中的用法。

     其句型为It is/was not until...that...。that后面的句子主谓不使用倒装。在这一点上要与not until...位于句首，主句使用部分倒装，而从句不倒装区分开。

     It was not until she got home that Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.(2006全国卷2)

     此句也可表达为Not until she got home did Jennifer realize she had lost her keys.

    3.注意强调句与定于从句的或状语从句的区别。

    ① It was at 8:00 that he came back home.

       It was 8:00 when he came back home .

    ② It was in the factory that his father worked three years ago .

       It was the factory where his father worked three years ago.

    4.辨析几个it句型

    ① It was+一段时间+before从句(从句用一般过去时)  意为：过了……时间就……

      It will be +一段时间+before从句(从句用一般现在时) 意为：过了……时间就会……

     例如：It was not long before I joined the army.

      It will be two months before the building is completed.

    ② It is+一段时间+since从句(从句用一般过去时)

       It was+一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时)

    意为：自从……有……时间了。

    例如：That was really a splendid evening . It's years since I enjoyed myself so much.(2005安徽卷)

    ③ It is high/about time that从句(从句用一般过去时表示虚拟)意为：该做……了。到做……的时间了。

    例如：It's time that we went to school.

   ④ It /This/That is +the first (second, third...)time that.从句(从句用现在完成时)

      It /This/That was +the first (second, third...)time that.从句(从句用过去完成时)

    意为：这是某人第一（二、三……）次做某事。

    例如：It is the first time that we have met each other.

   ⑤ It is/was＋时间点＋when从句.（见五、中的第1个例子）

   ⑥ It is/was ＋n./adj./Ved +that从句（见四、中的第4个例子）

    八、用于习惯用语中

      Forget it.没关系，不必在意。

      Make it.获得成功。

     Take it easy.别急，沉住气。

     It's my pleasure.不客气。不用谢。

     That's it.这是要点（或重要原因），正是这样。

   〖巩固练习〗：

1.It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site.(2008重庆卷)

A. that   B. when   C. while   D. as

2.－How much do I owe you for lunch?

 －___ .It's nothing.(2008天津卷)

A. You're welcome.  B. Forget it.

B.With pleasure.   D. That's right.

3.___ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.(2006浙江卷)

A. As   B. That   C. This   D. It

4.－Have you heard the latest news?

 －No, what _____?(2007全国卷1)

A. is it    B. is there   C. are they   D. are those

5.－There is still a copy of book in the library. Will you go and borrow__?

 －No, I'd rather buy ____ in the bookstore.(2007陕西卷)

A. it ;one   B. one ;one    C. one ;it       D. it ;it

6.___ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.(2007山东卷)

A. This  B. That  C. What  D. It

7.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made___ her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town.(2006湖南卷)

 A. this    B. that  C. one  D. it

8.I'd appreciate ___ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山东卷)

 A. that     B. it    C. this    D. you

9.It was some time ___ we realized the truth.(2005山东卷)

A. when     B. until   C. since   D. before

10.The road conditions there turned out to be very good ,___ was more than we could expect.（2008全国卷2）

A. it  B. what   C. which   D. that  

答案：1.A2.B3.D4.A5.A 6.D7.D8.B9.D10.C