李阳疯狂英语国际音标第七章法音基本功——口语中的同化现象
(2010-12-07 10:17:45)
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李阳疯狂英语国际音标第七章法音基本功口语中同化现象刘杰高考加 |
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李阳疯狂英语国际音标
同化是指两个相邻的音连读时,其中一个音受另一个音的影响,变得跟邻音相同或相似;或者化一;或者两音相互影响,变为第三个音的现象。
第一节
前面的音影响后面的音,叫顺向型同化。
第二节 逆向型同化
秘诀24
前面的音受后面的音影响,叫逆向型同化。
A: He is not the man he used to
be.
Our company used to do business with
theirs.
第三节 相互同化
秘诀25
相互同化(1)
相互同化就是前后两个连在一起得音念起来不太方便,于是连在一起的两个音就互为影响而混合成一个新的、折衷的、比较好念的音,使之念起来顺口、听起来顺儿、看起来顺眼。此类同化并非是随意的,而是有规可循的。主要的变化如下:
[ s ]+[ j ]= [ ʃ ]
在此情况下基本上都连读
God bless you.
IPA:
K.K:
Now look what a mess you've
made.
Do you miss your
family?
I shall miss you very
much.
秘诀26
相互同化(2)
[ t ]+[ j ]= [ tʃ ]
在此情况下基本上都连读
How about you?
IPA:
K.K:
Take care that you don't spoil your new clothes.
A: I'm very glad to meet you.
B: It's a pleasure to meet you.
I'm sorry to tell that you've been dismissed.
秘诀27
相互同化(3)
[ d ]+[ j ]= [dʒ]
在此情况下基本上都连读
IPA:
K.K:
A: Did you panic?
B: Of course! It was awful!
Would you show me the bathroom, please?
Would you care to go for a walk with
me?
Could you do me a favor?
Could you possibly give me a lift
home?
秘诀28
因发音部位的影响而发生的同化
当很快地说 This shield 或
horseshoe 时,this 或 horse 的词尾的齿龈音[s],受后面的 shield 或 shoe
词头的硬颚音[ʃ]的影响,也变为[ʃ]了。因而就念成了[ðɪʃ ʃip]、[ ˈhɔːʃ-ʃuː]。
[s]之后跟[ʃ]或[j]时,[s]常被同化为[ʃ]
this ship [ðɪs ʃip]--[ ðɪʃ ʃip]
[z]之后跟[j]或时[ʃ],常被同化为[z];
Has she come? [hæz ʃi: kʌm]--[hæʒ ʃi: kʌm]
He tells you the truth.
秘诀29
当齿龈鼻音[n]出现在软颚音[k]或[g]前面时,它就变成软颚鼻音[ŋ]
[n]+[k]或[g]=[ŋ]
Thank you.
IPA:
K.K:
I take a walk along the river bank every morning.
I think I can learn to speak good English in one month.
Hunger is best sauce.
He hungered for her love.
I was angered by his refusal to come to the
party.
秘诀30
[ p ] + [ n ] = [m]
把 open ,happen 分别念为[ `əupm],[
`hæpm],一般是在快速的谈话中比较随便、含糊的发音。这种发音,在IPA和K.K中都有。在这里不仅发生了减音的现象,而且发生了同化的现象。按照比较正规的念法,
open , happen 应分别念为[ ˈəupən],[
ˈhæpən],轻音节中都有一个模糊的元音[ə]。但在前面有减音和同化现象的注音里,元音[E]完全省去,由此而剩下的辅音群[pn],两个辅音的发音部位不同。[p]是双唇音,[n]是齿龈音,念起来不太方便。所以就发生了同化作用。[p]把[n]同化为双唇音[m],这样就形成了两个双唇音的辅音群[pm],念起来就方便多了。
He lives by his pen.
All of his dealings are in the open.
Let's be open with each other.
I want you to be open with me about your money problems, so I can
help you.
Do you happen to know his new telephone number?
秘诀31
"清"与"浊"之间的同化
当 north, south, worth
三个词变为形容词时,这些词原来词尾的[θ]因为受了后面元音的影响,就变成了浊音[ð]:
north
[nɔːθ]
south
[sauθ]
worth [wəːθ
]
第四节
异化现象
两个相同或相近的音位,在发音过程中因受某种影响,而变得不同或不相近,这种现象叫做异化。
异化也称辅音的浊化现象,[s]后面的清辅音当连接一个元音时(一般出现在重读音阶上),[s]后面的清辅音受后面的元音影响,在实际发音中要读成与其相对应的浊辅音,在语音分析中称为浊化。
秘诀33
(1)sp+元音
口语中读音为[sb+元音]
spend
IPA:
K.K:
How do you spend you
leisure?
He spends a lot of time with his girlfriend.
他花了很多时间与他女朋友泡在一起。
Speak
IPA:
K.K:
Actions speak louder than
words.
I must speak with my son about his cigarette
smoking.我必须同我的儿子谈一谈他的吸烟问题。
秘诀33
(2)sk+元音
口语中读音为[sg+元音]
scare v.惊吓;受惊
IPA:
K.K:
I'm so
scared.
You scared
me.
School n.学校
IPA:
K.K:
He has studied English in school for tow years.
If I were a millionaire, I would start a school.
如果我是一个百万富翁,我将办一所学校。
秘诀34
(3)st+元音
口语中读音为[sd+元音]
start n.开始
IPA:
K.K:
If you are ready, you may start you work. 如果你准备好了,你可以开始工作了。
He was so excited that he started to cry.
Still adv.仍,仍然
IPA:
K.K:
He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的,现仍在此。
He is dull; still, he tries hard.虽然笨,可是他很刻苦。
Did you stay up late last night? 作业你熬的很晚吗?
A: What steps are you taking in the matter? 这件事你打算怎么办?
B: We're dealing with it step by step. 一步一步来。
秘诀35
(4)str+元音
口语中读音为[sdr+元音]
strike v.敲;打
IPA:
K.K:
He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。
A: How does the idea strike you?你感觉那注意怎么样?
B: The plan strikes me as ridiculous.我觉得这项计划可笑。
Strange
IPA:
K.K:
The work is still strange to him. 他对这项工作仍很陌生。
Who is that strange man over there?那边的陌生人是谁?
Are you embarrassed about talking to strangers?
你和陌生人说话会感到不好意思吗?
秘诀36
(5)have to 和has to (不得不)的发音技巧
Have to 在口语中发成[ `hæftə];has to 在口语中发成[ `hæstə]。
You'll have to get off
here.
I have to go
now.
You have to do you r homework.
I have to go, or I'll wet my
pants.
That is all he has to
do.
《特别说明》假如have 和 has
分别念为不同化的[hAv]和[hæz],而后面稍有停顿再加上一个to的话,那么意思就是"有",而不是"不得不"了。
秘诀37
(6)had to(必须)的发音技巧
相似的逆行同化作用也发生在had
to中,had[hæd]词尾的浊辅音[d]音受了他后面清辅音[t]的影响,而变成了清辅音[t],had to 在口语中发成[
`hættə]
I had to go and talk with
Jim.
We had to scratch our plans for vacation. 我们不得不取消度假计划。
We had to take them at their word that the job would be done on
time.
第五节 超级纯正美国发音技巧
弱化现象
弱化在语流音变中,有些发音变的模糊不清,甚至这些音在发音时可发可不发;这种现象叫做弱化。弱化常常出现在非重读音节中或句子中的虚词上。
秘诀38
在单词中的弱读音节
英音[i]与美音[ә]在单词中可读可不读
intention
IPA:
K.K:
Information
IPA:
K.K:
B: I had no intention of hurting
you.
B: He has no intention of marrying
yet.
秘诀39
在虚词上的发音技巧
to
IPA:
K.K:
Must
IPA:
K.K: