go on doing sth.: continue an activity without stopping 不停地从事某活动
[idiom]
go on to sth.: pass from one item to the next 从一项目转移至下一项目
go on with sth.: continue an activity, esp after a pause or break 继续进行某活动（尤指停顿之后）
go on to do sth.: do sth. after completing sth. 完成一事后接着做某事
You can't go on working without a break.
Let's go on to the next item on the agenda.
He paused to take a sip of water, and then went on with his story.
After attacking the Government's economic policy, he went on to describe how the Labor Party would reduce unemployment.

and all: and other similar things 诸如此类的
[paraphrase] all the other signs of old age, such as feebleness and uselessness.

do away with sth.: to get rid of sth.; abolish sth. 摆脱某事物，废除某事物
[idioms]
do sb. / sth. down: to speak of sb. / sth. in a critical or an unfavourable way 说某人/某物的坏话
do sth. out: to clean or tidy ( a room, cupboard, etc ) by removing unwanted things from it 清扫或清理（房间、柜厨等）
do sth. over: to clean or redecorate the surfaces of sth.重新装饰
do with sth.:
1) (usu. after could or sometimes can) to need or want (前面常接could，有时也可用can)；想要，需要
2) (used in the negative with can and could) bear or tolerate sth.(用于否定句中，与can和 could连用) 容忍，忍受某事
She thinks it's time we did away with monarchy.
It has become fashionable to do down traditional moral values.
Your desk drawer needs doing out.
The paintwork is beginning to flake; it'll need doing over soon.
You look as if you could do with (i.e. as if you need ) a good night's sleep.
I can't do with his insolence.

[paraphrase] it is said that a very kind young man felt sorry for his father.
so they say: so it is said, so people say 据说
Mary, so they say, won the singing match.

take/have pity on sb.: help sb. because one feels pity for him 出于同情或怜悯而帮助某人

The government should take pity on the survivors of this disaster.
If you don't say sorry to her, I won't have pity on you.

wither: v. cause sth. to become dry, shriveled or dead 枯萎，凋谢
shrivel: v. cause to dry out and become smaller by twisting into small folds 皱缩，枯萎
The flowers will wither if you don't put them in water.
The plants were shriveling (up) in the dry heat.

famine: n. very serious lack of food
Many people die during famines every year.
cf.
hunger: n. the wish or need for food
starvation: n. suffering or death for lack of food
He died of hunger.
He suffered from starvation during 1960s.

come upon: to meet or find by chance
I came upon a group of children playing in the street.

thick and fast: in rapid succession 又快又多
Offers of help are coming in thick and fast.
[idiom] through thick and thin: in spite of all the difficulties 不顾艰难地
He remained loyal to me through thick and thin.