Steven Johnson先生，世界大学生辩论赛组委会秘书长，美国阿拉斯加安克雷奇大学的副教授，自第10届“外研社”杯全国辩论赛以来一直担任大赛的评委主席。在Johnson先生的积极推广下，议会制辩论得以在中国稳步发展。

为什么要“说理”

　　说起辩论，其根源可追溯到人类知识所特有的基础。人们对于他们周围世界的认识源于他们对自身经历的解释。并且，由于我们常常生活在一个信息有限且残缺的世界里，故而会发展出有限且残缺的观点。

　　我们都知道自己做出的解释会与他人做出的解释截然不同，故，我们就会对自身经历的意义感到不确定。这也是为什么我们需要与他人论证，以减少关于周围世界的不确定性，并提出更好的解决方法或方案。

为什么要“赢得辩论”

　　基本说来，赢得辩论仅仅要求你能说服听众，使之相信你赢了。不像日常生活中劝某人和你一起去吃午饭，在辩论中，你会被置于这样一种位置：即其他人唯一的目标就是要阻止你得到你想要的。并且，有人会注意听你所作的劝说性努力，然后对和你一同辩论的人进行排名。甚至，有时你必须为一个别人给予的，而你本人却不必选择为哪方辩护的辩题而辩论。

　　出色的辩论，就像精美艺术品的创造，展现并启迪了人类的经验。我们常说，熟能生巧，辩论也是如此，它能提供我们大量的机会，把我们塑造为更好的劝说者。

为什么要“赢得英国议会制辩论”

　　不同模式的辩论各有特点，我们很难说孰优孰劣。那为什么“英国议会制辩论”重要呢？我想也许是因为，它是与国际接轨的最好途径吧。

如何“赢得英国议会制辩论”

　　仔细说来，辩论并没有所谓的“正确”方式。换句话说，我通常鼓励辩手不要问“什么允许，什么不允许”，而是要问，“什么战略对于达到劝说别人的目标更有优势？”

　　辩论是一种主观的人类活动，也是一种创造；辩手需要在说什么、如何说以及什么是所说言论的相关内容之间做出选择。


　　如果您想了解更多关于如何赢得辩论的信息，Steven Johnson先生写的《赢在辩论》会是您的最佳选择。




Mr. Steven Johnson, the associate professor from University of Alaska Anchorage, has been served as chief adjudicator since the 10th FLTRP Cup Competition. It is also because of Mr. Johnson’s active work that promotes the development of parliamentary debate in China.

Why argument matters?
The reason why we need debate should chase back to the very foundation of human knowledge. Humans’ knowledge of the world around them is the product of their interpretation of their experience. Humans are required to operate in a world of limited and imperfect information and, therefore, limited and imperfect perceptions.
Because we know that we created these explanations—and that others may create different explanations—we are constantly unsure of the meaning of our experience. That’s why we need arguing with others, as a way to reduce uncertainty about the world around us and propose a better solution or scheme.

Why winning debate matters?
Basically, winning debates requires merely that you persuade your audience that you’ve won. Unlike persuading someone goes to lunch with you, in debating you are pitted against others whose exclusive goal is to prevent you from getting what you want. Moreover, someone listens to your persuasive efforts and ranks them relative to those with whom you’re engaged. And you must persuade on a topic that someone else gave you—you don’t necessarily get to choose which side of an issue you defend.
Good debating, like the creation of good art, reveals and illuminates the human experience. Like anything, you get better the more you do it; debating provides abundant opportunities to become a better persuader.

Why winning BP debate matters?
Different formats of debates have different characteristics, and you can hardly tell which one is better. Why BP debate matters? I think probably because it is the best way to match the world.

How to win BP debate?
Well, actually there is no “right” way to debate. Put another way, I encourage debater to avoid asking what is and is not allowed; they should ask, instead, “What is strategically advantageous to my persuasive goals?” As a subjective, human activity, debating is an act of creation,: the debater makes choices about what to say, how to say it, or what relevance that utterance is given in the round.

If you want to know more about how to win a debate, winning debate (the book written by Mr. Steven L Johnson) could be the best choice.