How的用法小结

一、做副词的用法

1. (表方式、方法)怎样,怎么
How do you usually go to school? 你怎样去上学? （交通方式）

How does she study English? 她是怎样学习英语的？
2. (指健康等情况)怎样
How is Miss Zhang? 张小姐身体好吗?

3.（询问天气）怎样

How is the weather in Beijing? 北京的天气怎样？

相当于What’s the weather like in Beijing?

4. (指数量、程度)多少 ，后接其它形容词或副词，可以构成各类疑问词。
How many students are there in your class? 你班里有多少学生? How many 多少

How long will you stay here? 你要在这儿呆多久？ How long 多久

How often do you go t o a movie? 你好久看一次电影？ How often 多久一次

5. (表感叹)多么
How fine the weather is! 这些天我多么希望去度一次长假啊!

相当于，What fine weather it is!

How hard he works! 他工作多么努力！
二、做连接词.
1. 用在复合句中，做宾语从句的连接词。可以翻译为“怎么”或者“……的方式”
I want to know how could you get there so quickly. “我想知道你是怎么那么快就到达那儿了。” 或者“我想知道你那么快就到达那儿的方式”

易混词语精练与点拨

一、           sometimes   sometime some time   some times

1.      He has been waiting for you here for _________.

2.      Mr. Wang comes to help me _________.

3.      The author will come to our school and give us a talk _____ next week.

4.      I’ve been to Beijing _________.

【答案】1. some time 2. sometimes 3. sometime 4.some times

【点拨】sometimes “有时候”，频度副词，多用于一般现在时态。 sometime “某个时候”，表示不确定的时间。some time “一段时间”， 表示时间段，常常与for连用。some times “几次”，此时的time表示次数，为可数名词。

二、 frustrate， frustrating, frustrated

1. His words often ________ me a lot.

2. When he got the bad news, he was so __________.

3. It is a ________thing to lose the game.

【答案】1. frustrates   2. Frustrated   3. frustrating

【点拨】 frustrate，vt. “使……厌烦”，其后常接sb. ， frustrating, adj . “令人厌烦的”，通常用于修饰事物。frustrated adj. “感到厌烦的”，通常用于修饰人物。

三、 look up， look for， find， find out

1. He thought it hard, and at last he ______ a good idea.

2. If you really don’t know the words, you can ____ it _____in the dictionary.

3. When I was on my way home yesterday, I ______ a poor man lying on the ground.

4. It lost his watch although he ______ it everywhere.

【答案】1. found out 2. look up 3. found 4. looked for

【点拨】look up “查找”， 把存放在某处的东西从众物中找出来。look for “寻找”， 把丢失的物品找回来，强调寻找物品的过程。find “发现”，表示不是主观愿望，而是偶然的看见某物，强调的是看见的结果。find out “发现，找出”

， 强调的是通过主观努力和思考得出的结论。

四、either， too， also

1. They like to learn English by reading and we ______ like to learn by reading.

2. She is a nurse, and I’m a nurse, _______.

3. Li Ying wasn’t afraid of snakes, and I wasn’t afraid snakes ________.

【答案】1. also 2. too 3. either

【点拨】either， too， also 三个都有“也”“同样”之意。其中either用于否定句式，too和also用于肯定或疑问句。too常常用于句末，also位于行为动词前，助动词之后。

单元要点透视 全真考题解读（Unit 1）

１. 教材：I study by working with a group.

       透视：by 在此表示“通过……的方式”的含义，后接动名词形式。

       考题：-----How do you learn English?    

------I learn ______ watching English-languages videos.   [沈阳2006]

     A. to      B. of      C. by      D. at

       解读：这里的watching English –language video 是学习的方式之一，故选择C。

       2. 教材：It wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class.

       透视：it 作形式主语，真正的主语是句子后面出现的动词不定时。这种句子结构通常是：It +be+adj (for sb.) to do sth.

       考题：It's important ______ the piano well. 〔天津2006〕

A. of him to play      B. for him to play    

C. of him playing      D. for him playing

       解读：句中的it就是形式主语，后边需接动词不定式，根据结构选择B。

       3. 教材： It’s too hard to understand the voices.

       透视：短语too…to的意思是“太……而不能……”。

       考题：--The box is _____ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?

          --Certainly.    [2006武汉]

    A. so         B. much           C. very          D. too

       解读：本题考查短语too… to…。句中已出现to carry，根据句意选择D

       4． 教材： Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?

       透视：部分动词后需要接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。此类词语除了practice，还包括finish, enjoy, mind等。

       考题：--Would you mind _____ my pet dog while I'm away?

         --Sure, no problem.   〔2006福建南平〕

A. take care of         B. taking care          C. to take care of            D. taking care of

       解读：mind后只能接动名词形式，排除A，C, 答案D意思为照顾，符合题意，故选择D。

5． 教材：I got an A this term.

       透视：冠词an用在以元音因素开头的单词前，表示“一个”之意。

       考题：He is          〔2006四川泸州〕 honest boy, so we all like him.

     A. a                  B. an                  C. the

       解读：honest虽然以辅音字母h开头，但h不发音，本单词第一个因素为元音,故选B

第1单元疑难问答

1. I study by working with my classmates.     哦，我和同学们一起学习。

【问】 句中by做介词用，在这里表示方式，by还有哪些用法呢？

【答】by的用法很多，除了表示“通过…..”方式外，还有以下一些用法

（1）在……旁边、靠近    My house is by the river。 我的家在河边。

（2）到……为止       The population will be 1.5 billion in China by the year 2010.

到2010年为止，中国的人口将达到15亿。

（3）被，由……    用于被动句中或类似的词组中。

     The car was cleaned by me. 这车被我洗过了。

    （4）用在固定短语中

       one by one 一个接着一个   by mistake 错误地    

by accident 偶然地 by the way 顺便说（问）一下

2. No, it’s too hard to under stand the voices. 不，太难了，听不懂那些话。

       【问】句中的voice与sound，noise有何区别？

       【答】voice表示嗓音，说话的语气。

         Please speak in a loud voice. 请大声地讲话。

         sound 泛指各种各样的声响

         Sound goes much more slowly than light. 声音比光传播得慢得多。

         noise是指令人厌恶的声音，即嘈杂声。

         I want to sleep, don’t make any noise.

3. We get excited about something and end up speaking in Chinese. 我们谈到兴奋之处就以讲中文而告终。

       【问】 句中excited 可以换成exciting吗？

       【答】 不能。excited和exciting可以用作形容词，意义也特别相近，但不可换用。前者用于修饰人物，表示某人处于兴奋状态。后者常用于修饰事物，表示该事物具有让人兴奋起来的特质。

We all got very excited when we heard the exciting news. 当我们听到这令人兴奋的消息时，我们都变得异常的兴奋。

类似的词语还有：interested/ interesting    bored/boring      frustrated/ frustrating    disappointed/ disappointing     tired/tiring

       4. So I decided to take grammar note in every class. 所以，我决定每节课上都做好语法笔记。

       【问】 句中decide通常有哪些用法？

       【答】 decide 决定，下决心，其后通常接动词不定式，表达“决定做某事”之意。

When all of us felt tired, we decided to have a rest. 当我们都感到劳累时，我们决定休息一会。

如果要表示“决定不做某事”，则在不定式前加not即可。

He decided not to leave his son at home alone. 他决定不让他儿子一人呆在家。

decide 借助于介词on，可以跟名词或动名词。

He tried his best to find a good place to relax himself. At last he decided on the beaches. 他努力想寻找一个能放松自己的地方，最后决定到海滩。

第1单元疑难问答

1. I study by working with my classmates.     哦，我和同学们一起学习。

【问】 句中by做介词用，在这里表示方式，by还有哪些用法呢？

【答】by的用法很多，除了表示“通过…..”方式外，还有以下一些用法

（1）在……旁边、靠近    My house is by the river。 我的家在河边。

（2）到……为止       The population will be 1.5 billion in China by the year 2010.

到2010年为止，中国的人口将达到15亿。

（3）被，由……    用于被动句中或类似的词组中。

     The car was cleaned by me. 这车被我洗过了。

    （4）用在固定短语中

       one by one 一个接着一个   by mistake 错误地    

by accident 偶然地 by the way 顺便说（问）一下

2. No, it’s too hard to under stand the voices. 不，太难了，听不懂那些话。

       【问】句中的voice与sound，noise有何区别？

       【答】voice表示嗓音，说话的语气。

         Please speak in a loud voice. 请大声地讲话。

         sound 泛指各种各样的声响

         Sound goes much more slowly than light. 声音比光传播得慢得多。

         noise是指令人厌恶的声音，即嘈杂声。

         I want to sleep, don’t make any noise.

3. We get excited about something and end up speaking in Chinese. 我们谈到兴奋之处就以讲中文而告终。

       【问】 句中excited 可以换成exciting吗？

       【答】 不能。excited和exciting可以用作形容词，意义也特别相近，但不可换用。前者用于修饰人物，表示某人处于兴奋状态。后者常用于修饰事物，表示该事物具有让人兴奋起来的特质。

We all got very excited when we heard the exciting news. 当我们听到这令人兴奋的消息时，我们都变得异常的兴奋。

类似的词语还有：interested/ interesting    bored/boring      frustrated/ frustrating    disappointed/ disappointing     tired/tiring

       4. So I decided to take grammar note in every class. 所以，我决定每节课上都做好语法笔记。

       【问】 句中decide通常有哪些用法？

       【答】 decide 决定，下决心，其后通常接动词不定式，表达“决定做某事”之意。

When all of us felt tired, we decided to have a rest. 当我们都感到劳累时，我们决定休息一会。

如果要表示“决定不做某事”，则在不定式前加not即可。

He decided not to leave his son at home alone. 他决定不让他儿子一人呆在家。

decide 借助于介词on，可以跟名词或动名词。

He tried his best to find a good place to relax himself. At last he decided on the beaches. 他努力想寻找一个能放松自己的地方，最后决定到海滩。

一、            单项选择

( ) 1. I study by ______ vocabulary lists.   

A. make      B. making   C. to make

( ) 2. It is fine today. What about _____?   

A. going swimming     B. go swimming   C. to swim

( ) 3. They are _____ tired ____ on.     

A. too, to walk     B. too, walking      C. very, to talk

( ) 4. _____ the club is a good way to learn English.

A. Join    B. Joins C. Joining

( ) 5. I’m going to practice ____once a week.    

A. pronounce   B. pronouncing   C. to pronounce

( ) 6. I had problems _____ homework.    

A. finishing     B. to finish   C. finish

( ) 7. She doesn’t learn English by listening, I don’t, ____.    

A. too    B. also    C. either

( ) 8. It’s not polite to laugh ______ the blinds.

A. on   B. at    C. of

( ) 9. Can you learn English _____ chatting on the Internet?  

   A. on    B. in    C. by

( ) 10. Jerry has a good _____ and sings well.

A. sound     B. noise      C. voice

( ) 11. Tom doesn’t know what _____ next.  

    A. to do    B. doing    C. to do it

( ) 12. Your are late again. Why ____ come early?

A. not you    B. didn’t you   C. not

( ) 13. I found ____ hard to study English.

A. that   B. it    C. its

( ) 14. Reading is a great way _____ a language.

A. of learn       B. to learn   C. learning

( ) 15. Her son failed English test again. She felt very _______.

A. frustrating      B. frustrated C. boring

( ) 16. If you want to study English well, please read aloud every morning. It helps ____.

A.     a lot of     B. lots of      C. a lot

( ) 17. My mom want you to watch me _____ the piano.

A. playing    B. play    C. to play

( ) 18. If you don't know how to use a word, please ______ in a dictionary.

A. look up it   B. look it up   C. look for it

( ) 19. I don’t get much ______ practice.

A. writing    B. written   C. write

( ) 20. He is interested ____ computer.

    A. on   B. in   C. at

Keys: 1. B   2. A   3. A   4. C   5. B   6. A 7. C   8. B   9. C   10. C   11. A   12. C   13. B   14. B   15. B   16. C  

17. B   18. B   19. A   20. B

根据汉语意思完成下列译文。

1.      为了考试，你怎样学习？

_______ do you study _____ a test?

2.      你和朋友一起学习过吗？

Have you ______ ______ with a friend?

3.      我的业余爱好是集邮。

My ____ is to ______ stamps?

4. 你出过国吗？ 我出过国，仅仅一次。

Have you ever _____ ____? Yes, just ______.

5. 我通常通过看小说学习英语。

   I usually study English ____ ___ English novels.

6. 为什么不加入我们练习英语呢？

   ______ _______ join us to _________ __________ English.

7. 我害怕别人嘲笑我。

   I am _________ that others will ________ ________ me.

8. 提高英语的最佳方法就是应用英语。

   The best way _______ _________ English is using it.

9. 我决定不再通过学习语法的方式学习英语了。

I __________ _________ to learn English _______ _________ grammar.

10. 如果不处理好这些问题，你就会变得沮丧。

You will _______ _______ ________ you ________ with the problem.

Keys:

1.    How, for

2.    ever, studied

3.    hobby

4.    been abroad, once

5.    by reading

6.    Why, not, practice speaking

7.    afraid, laugh at

8.    of learning/to learn

9.    decided not, by studying

10. get, frustrated, unless deal

二、            句型转换（10分）

1.      He studies English by making flash card. (提问)

_____ ______ he study English?

2.      She likes playing tennis, too.（否定）    

She _____ like playing tennis, _____.

3.      They enjoyed themselves yesterday.（同义）

They ____ ____ ________ ________yesterday.

4.      I will go out of the classroom later..（提问）

______ _____ will you go out of the classroom?

5.      The factory is about 3 minutes by bus.（提问）

______ _____ is the factory?

Keys:

1. How, does

2. doesn’t, either

3. had a good time

4. How, soon

5. How far

完形填空

The best way of (1) _______ a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as (2) _____ as possible. (3) _________ you’ll get your words mixed up (混合) and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too (4) ________ and you can’t understand them. But if you (5) _______ your sense of humor (幽默感), you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It’s better for people (6) _______ at your mistakes than to be angry (7) ______ you, because they don’t understand (8) ________ you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is: “Don’t be afraid (9) _______ making mistakes because (10) ________ makes mistakes.

( ) 1. A. learn       B. to learn    C. learning    D. learns

( ) 2. A. many      B. much      C. lot         D. soon

( ) 3. A. Sometimes   B. Some times     C. Sometime     D. Some time

( ) 4. A. quick       B. quickly         C. slowly        D. loudly

( ) 5. A. get         B. make        C. do           D. keep

( ) 6. A. laugh       B. to laugh      C. laughing      D. laughs

( ) 7.A. to          B. of            C. with         D. for

( ) 8. A. How        B. where        C. why         D. what

( ) 9. A. of          B. off           C. to           D. with

( )10. A. all people    B. we all        C. none        D. everyone

 

 

Keys:

1.      C of是介词，后接动名词。

2.      B 修饰talk，作副词。

3.      A 表示频度。可以根据上下文判断。

4.      B 根据本句意义可得

5.      D 保持之意，本句要表达的意思是保持幽默感。

6.      B 句子it为假主语，真主语是后置不定式短语to do sth. 这种句子结构很常见。

7.      C 构成短语 be angry with sb 生某人的气

8.      D 宾语从句中的say是及物动词，需要接宾语，what在此充当连词，同时也是say的         

逻辑宾语，而其它三个词不能。

9.      A. 构成短语 be afraid of

10. D 动词makes表明主语是三人称单数，故选everyone

阅读短文，根据首字母提示填空，答案填在短文后的横线上。

In learning English, one should first pay attention to（注意） (l) l________ and speaking. It is groundwork of reading and writing. You’d (2) b_________ try your best to speak while you do much listening. Don’t be (3) a_______ of making mistakes. But be careful not to let them stop you (4) f_____ improving your English. While you are doing this, a good way is to write—keep a diary, write notes or letters, then if you can, ask some others to go through what you have written and tell you where it is (5) w_________. Many mistakes in your speaking will be easily found when you write. Through correcting the mistakes, you can do better in learning English.

If you are (6) s_________ in speaking, don’t worry. One of the helpful ways is reading, either aloud or to yourself. The important thing is to choose something interesting to read. It mustn’t be too (7) d ____________ for you. When you are reading in this (8) w_______, don’t stop to look up the new words if you can guess their (9) m_________ when they have nothing important to do with the sentences. You can do that some (10) o_______ time.

1._________________ 2._________________ 3.________________ 4._________________5.__________________6.__________________

7.________________8.__________________

Keys:

1.listening    2. better    3. afraid     4. from    5. wrong  

6. slow   7. difficult   8. way   9. meanings   10. other

阅读短文，判断正误。

    I wanted to study English well years ago, but I couldn’t. Every time I had a good beginning but a bad ending. That’s because when I had problem learning it, I decided to give up. My best friend knew about this and gave me some advice.

First, he asked me to make a friend with a foreigner and chat on the Internet. That’s really a good way. When I did this, I always had so much to talk with my friends and I couldn’t speak Chinese because my friends know little Chinese. I had to solve all the problem I met in order not to lose him.

   Second, he asked me to spend much money in learning English. I tried to do this. I spent much money going to English classes, buying VCDs, mp3 player and so on. When I wanted to drop, I thought I had paid so much, I shouldn’t have great waste of money, so I had to keep on. So this way also helped me, but not so long.

   Third, he asked me to watch English Movies every day. So I bought a lot of DVDs and watched English movies every day. A good movie interested me. So I wanted to catch every sentence the actors say. After a week, I found that I could understand more and speak more. That meant I had improved my English.

Now, I am very good at English and I still chat with my foreign friend. That is the best way of learning English of the three.

( ) 1. The writer’s foreign friend gave him three pieces of advice on how to study English.

( ) 2. The writer sent e-mails to his foreign friend to help him improve English.

( ) 3. The writer’s friend asked him to waste lots of money if he wants to learn English.

( ) 4. The writer is good at English now.

( ) 5. The writer thinks the best way of learning English is chatting with foreigners.

Keys:

1.      F    2. F   3. F   4. T   5.T