为了污染而逝去的孩子，为了公平和正义的斗争

来源：南华早报；日期：2011-02-02；记者：严婷

当上海市松江区人民政府3月下令照红废品回收站因严重污染南门村环境而关停时，当地村民无不欢呼雀跃。

这家废品回收站再也不能危害当地村民的健康了。但是现在的问题是，在这个废品回收站运行的8年时间里，造成的当地村民死亡或者染上癌症的恶果，到底应由谁来赔偿？

去年8月，吕伟明和王勤夫妇失去了他们22个月大的女儿，她被查出患有白血病。他们声称，建在几十米距离外的废品回收站的非法加工作业污染了水和空气，使之气味难闻，而这些都是造成其女儿死亡的原因。

南门村只是过去数十年中中国大陆出现的众多癌症村当中的一个，这种村落多分部于沿海发达省份。

根据吕伟明的统计，在过去的两年中，周围村民中至少有14%的人染上了各种癌症，除了小王博乐，周围的其他病患也有陆续的死去，专家认为这些死亡的罪魁祸首就是污染。

吕伟明供职于松江区一家外资食品企业，他说，“这家废品回收站于2002年开业以来就产生出令人作呕和头晕的恶臭，这种气味又酸又甜，就像苯的气味。他们肯定是在加工某种塑料制品。”

他们也听到塑料制品在一个小车间被粉碎的声音，看到一车车的塑料废弃物被卡车运送进来。村民们说，塑料加工厂中弥散出的废旧塑料尘埃，以及用来清洗废旧塑料的液体化学剂所散发出来的气味，是有毒的。

废品回收站周围的河水五颜六色，张仁培告诉记者，因为用此河水浇树而造成树木死亡，废物回收站的老板姚照红曾在2005年至2006年赔偿给他500元。

就在不远处，一些村民用从河里抽取的水浇灌蔬菜，而另一些村民因担心河水水质，则用桶挑取自来水来浇灌庄稼。

吕和王夫妇7岁的儿子，吕晨曦，早在3个月大时被诊断出患有结节性硬化症，自那时起，他们就开始怀疑这个废品回收站了。他们多次发送匿名的举报信给政府机关但是没有收到任何反馈，甚至都没有一个调查。结节性硬化症是一种罕见遗传性疾病，他的父母说，“是环境污染导致了基因变异。”

由于吕晨曦的病症，这对夫妇被准予生育第二胎。在王勤再次怀孕期间，她站在村委会两天，抗议废物回收站获得了租约，并且要求该回收站关闭。

“由于我第一个孩子的诊断结果，我非常担心，所以我要100%确保我第二个孩子的健康。”她说。

一位村委会干部稍后造访她家，但是说未闻到任何难闻的气味。

“气味的确非常强烈，他怎么可能闻不到呢？”她说。

2008年10月，王博乐的诞生带给了这个家庭些许欢乐，纵然是暂时的。家人给这个孩子鲜见的取了她妈妈的姓——王。她妈妈说，“这个孩子非常漂亮，听话且聪明，长着一对大大的圆溜溜的眼睛。”

“她7个月的时候就可以说话了，喜欢唱歌，跳舞和画画”王勤说。“她非常喜欢看小动物，就在去世前几天里，她能够说出自己的名字了。”她死于8月份，当她的遗体被送到葬礼时，村民们自发的聚集起来为她送行。”

当王博乐去年3月被诊断出血癌时，更坚定了她父亲对于污染来自于废品回收站的怀疑是正确的，他走上了与当地政府和废品回收站的斗争之路。

大约有120名村民通过签名或者按手印的方式来证明这个废品回收站已经污染有数年了，吕伟明也收集了其他14个本村村民在过去两年期间染上各种癌症的证据。

也就在那个时候，东方网派遣记者，报道了废品回收站无任何环保设施，肆意排放污染，也提到了吕伟明家的抗争。几天后，这个废品回收站被关停。

松江区环保局法制科的一名官员说，照红废品回收站从来就没有被批准生产，他也提到在该报道披露之前他也不知道有这间废品回收站。

“我们人手不够，没法检查本辖区内的所有加工点，”他说，“我们发现这是一家非法加工点，因其排放的废水废气均不达标，并且加工过程当中产生的尘埃也污染空气。”

但是就在该工厂关停后不久，废品回收站的老板姚照红就失踪了。吕伟明说不仅政府机构对该工厂造成的危害没有一个完整全面的调查，而且还派了卡车帮助搬运废弃物，一台挖掘机将现场的土壤都翻了个身，并取走了部分的污泥。

吕和王夫妇状告废品回收站和南门村委并要求赔偿855,000元，松江区人民法庭已经受理了此案，虽然具体审理日期还未定下。

虽然此案胜诉没有十分把握，但是吕伟明说“派卡车去现场本身就是可疑的，因为这样做等于就是承认了污染存在的事实。”

他说“我认为他们在毁灭污染的证据，此外，为什么政府要帮助一个小工厂搬迁？他们显然是在相互勾结。”

10月份，这对夫妇分别向上海市工商局、上海市环保局和上海市人民政府提出了行政复议申请。

上海的斯伟江律师为这个家庭作免费的诉讼，他说，他并不奢望能够打赢这场官司，因为被告是政府机关，但是他希望这个诉讼案能够迫使当地政府给出赔偿金。

高速的工业化导致了有毒物质在中国大陆蔓延，南方都市报已经曝光了至少包括浙江、江苏、山东、安徽和天津等地的癌症村。

已经研究癌症村数十年的中国地质科学院地质研究所林景星教授表示，“所有的癌症集中爆发也许与无所不在的污染有关系。”

工业及矿产开发产生的有毒物质通过水，土壤及农作物转移。在山西一个偏远乡村4年的研究表明，大量的有毒元素存在于当地的土壤、蔬菜，谷物甚至农民的头发当中，在过去的20多年当中，调查了30户家庭共154位村民，其中59名村民死于癌症。

“我非常确信当地村民如此高的癌症发病率是由污染造成的”林说。

从吕伟明家走出来大概5分钟，住着南门村另一个癌症家庭，张连云，一个55岁的结肠癌患者。他的父亲2年前死于食道癌，去世时82岁。

虽然这个家庭确信有毒的污染物是诱因，但是张连云的妻子说：“我们是文盲，而且也不想惹政府的麻烦”。

这可能是由于当地政府要将这个村改造成为一个公园，正在和当地的村民谈判搬迁赔偿事宜有关。（博主注：松江南部新城建设规划，相关部门爆出一些关于拆迁赔偿的流言）

吕伟明拒绝放弃。“我会与他们战斗到最后一刻”他说，“因为污染我们失去了至爱的女儿。他们必须为我们的女儿做点什么，我会为她做任何事情。要不然，我活着是为了什么？”

自然之友的上海分部的易晓武说，在中国的农村，癌症很普遍。

“没有任何措施来阻止排污企业的污染，因此农民变得首当其冲。”易说。

 

以下是原文报道： 

A waste plant, a dead baby and a fight for justice

Alice Yan Feb 2, 2011

When the Songjiang district government in Shanghai ordered the Zhaohong waste collection station shut in March because of effects pollution was having on the village of Nanmen, residents cheered.

The plant would not cause any more serious health problems. But the question then became how to get compensation for the people who died or contracted cancer in the eight years the waste station did operate.

Lu Weiming and Wang Qin lost their 22-month-old daughter to leukaemia in August, and they say the foul-smelling water and gases given off by the waste collection station only a few dozen metres away, caused her death.

Nanmen is just one of many "cancer villages" appearing over the past decade across the mainland, especially in the more developed coastal provinces.

By Lu's count, at least 14 people out of more than 100 residents in the neighbourhood contracted various kinds of cancer in the past two years. Others besides little Wang Bole have already died, and experts are laying the blame for the deaths on the pollution.

Lu, who works for a foreign-invested food company in Songjiang district, said the waste station, which opened in 2002, produced a pervasive stench that made people feel dizzy or nauseated. "It smelled sour and sweet, like the odour of benzene. They were definitely processing some plastic items," he said.

They also heard plastic being crushed in a small workshop and saw trucks hauling away high piles of plastic waste. The villagers say the dust from the crushed plastic and the odour from the liquid chemical used to wash the plastic waste constituted a health hazard.

The water in the creek encircling the waste station is numerous colours. Waste station owner Yao Zhaohong paid 500 yuan in 2005 and 2006 to compensate farmer Zhang Renpei for the deaths of his trees growing by the creek, Zhang told the South China Morning Post.

Not far away, some villagers grew vegetables using water siphoned from the creek, while others, concerned about the water quality of the creek, carried buckets of their own tap water to irrigate their crops.

Lu and Wang said they had begun to be suspicious of the waste station when their seven-year-old son, Lu Chenxi , was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis at the age of three months. They sent anonymous reports to authorities many times but didn't receive any response, nor was there a single investigation. Tuberous sclerosis is a non-malignant genetic cancer, but the parents say the toxic waste triggered a mutation.

Because of Chenxi's disability, the couple were granted permission to have another child. After Wang Qin became pregnant again, she protested at the village committee for two days over the lease granted to the waste station and demanded that it be shut down.

"I was worried because of my first child's diagnosis, so I wanted to ensure 100 per cent that my second child would be healthy," she said.

A cadre from the village committee later visited her home, but said he did not detect any bad smell.

"It's extremely strong," she said. "How could he say he didn't smell anything?"

The birth of Wang Bole in October 2008 brought joy to the family, albeit temporarily. The family took the rare step of giving the child her mother's surname. The girl was pretty, well-behaved and smart, with big round eyes, her mother said.

"She could speak at seven months, and she loved singing, dancing and drawing," Wang Qin said. "She liked to see small animals. In her final days, she could say her own name. When she died in August and her body was sent to the funeral parlour, villagers gathered to see her off."

When Bole was identified with the blood cancer in March last year, it cemented her father's suspicion about the pollution coming from the plant and he started a crusade against it and the local authorities.

About 120 villagers signed or stamped handprints to confirm that the waste station had been contaminating for years, and Lu collected materials to identify 14 of his neighbours who had contracted various kinds of cancers in the previous two years.

It was around that time that Eastday.com sent a reporter to the village who wrote that the waste station, without any environmental protection facilities, had been polluting unscrupulously and mentioned Lu's campaign. A few days later, the waste station was shut down.

An official in the legal department of the Songjiang Environmental Protection Bureau said the Zhaohong waste station had never been approved. He also said the bureau was unaware of the waste station until Eastday's report.

"We are short-handed, and it's impossible for us to check each point in our district," he said. "We found that this waste station was an illegal operation because the waste water and gas being discharged from it were not up to standard, and it sent out dust from processing the waste that polluted the air."

But soon after the shutdown, Yao, the waste station's owner, disappeared. Lu said not only had authorities not launched a complete investigation on the hazards caused, but they also sent some trucks to the plant to help move waste and an excavator to dig the soil before pouring concrete on the ground.

The lawsuit that Lu and his wife filed against the waste station and the Nanmen village committee seeks compensation of 855,000 yuan, and the Songjiang District People's Court has accepted the case, though a date has not been scheduled.

Although prospects of winning the suit are not promising, Lu said sending the trucks was suspicious because a lawsuit of some kind over the pollution seemed inevitable.

"I think they wrecked the evidence of the pollution," he said. What's more, why did the government help a small enterprise move? They were obviously colluding with each other."

In October, the couple also appealed to the municipal Commerce Department, Environmental Protection Bureau and the government to review the district government's decisions.

Shanghai-based lawyer Si Weijiang is representing the family free of charge. He said they did not expect to win since the defendant was the government, but they hoped the lawsuits could pressure the local authorities into handing out more  compensation.

Rapid industrialisation has caused toxic materials to be dumped across the mainland, and The Southern Metropolis News has exposed cancer villages in at least Zhejiang , Jiangsu , Shandong and Anhui provinces and Tianjin municipality.

Lin Jingxing , professor of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, who has researched cancer villages for a decade, said all these intensive cancer outbreaks were probably related to the omnipresent pollution on the mainland.

Poisons produced by industries and mines were transmitted via water, soil and agricultural products, he said. Four years of research in a remote village in Shaanxi showed excessive toxic elements in the local soil, vegetables, grain and even farmers' hair. Out of the 154 villagers of 30 households there, 59 had died of cancers over the past two decades.

"I am pretty sure that their high cancer rate is caused by pollution," Lin said.

Five minutes' walk from Lu's home in Nanmen lives the family of Zhang Lianyun , a 55-year-old colon cancer patient. His father died two years ago of oesophagal cancer at age 82.

Although the family is sure that the toxic waste was the cause, Zhang's wife said, "we are illiterate and don't want to cause trouble for the government".

Maybe it's because the village is to be developed into a park by the local government, and residents are in negotiations with the government on relocation compensation.

But Lu refuses to give up. "I will fight against them till the last day," he said. "Our beloved daughter is gone because of the pollution. They must do something for my daughter. I will do whatever it takes for her. Otherwise, what's the point of living?"

Yi Xiaowu, an environmentalist from Friends of Nature's Shanghai branch, said the cancers were pervasive in mainland rural regions.

"Nothing is done to stop the poisons coming from the polluting plants, thus making the farmers especially vulnerable," Yi said.

Copyright (c) 2011. South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.

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（注：配图和音乐取自《不能忽视的真相》，非原报道引用）