第二讲 商务英语写作的文体风格
(2009-07-20 14:28:10)
标签:
文化 |
分类: 海外军团——英语交流 |
(一)商务书信的文体风格
一封好的商业书信应该体现出语言自然精练、行文流畅、可读性高的文体风格。
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1. 变化文法结构
商业书信必须语言精练,能用一个单词的地方尽量不要使用多个单词。例如:
高冗余度语言 |
低冗余度语言 |
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Inasmuch as we require active consideration prior to making a decision, I am afraid that, in the circumstances, you will have to wait. |
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As we need to consider before making a decision, I am afraid you will have to wait. |
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商业书信的语气
积极的语气
中性 |
积极 |
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I am in receipt of your order for 250 pairs of Niky ‘Conga’ sports shoes. |
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Thank you for your recent order for 250 pairs of Niky ‘Conga’ sports shoes. |
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You failed to send your order to us before the new prices were introduced. |
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Unfortunately, we did not receive your order before the new prices were introduced. |
We cannot devote much time to your visit as the March Sales figures are being compiled and we are very busy. |
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We shall devote as much time to your visit as our hectic schedule will permit. |
撰写书信时下列几件事情必须避免:
·指责对方犯错
·推卸自己的责任
·漠视客户的问题
·拒绝帮助对方
·对对方的帮助毫不领情
消极的语气 |
积极的语气 |
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It is not our fault if you do not check whether the goods are satisfactory on delivery. |
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I am afraid customers are expected to check that goods are satisfactory on delivery. |
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Problems of this type are common with the lower model. Next time you will have to buy the more advanced model. |
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Problems of this type are far less common with our more advanced model. |
We do not have the time to send our Sales Representative to see you. He is busy dealing with larger accounts than yours. |
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We shall be happy to send our Sales Representative to visit you as soon as his heavy schedule permits. |
I am in receipt of the upgraded software you sent to replace the software we bought in February. |
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Thank you very much for sending me the updated software which supersedes that which we bought in February. |
以您为先的语气
以我为先 |
以您为先 |
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We shall be able to install Cable TV shortly. |
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You will be pleased to hear that you will soon be able to receive Cable TV. |
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I am afraid we cannot deliver at the weekend. |
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You can have your goods delivered any weekday. |
I regret to inform you that we cannot refund your deposit unless you return the goods within a week. |
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I am pleased to inform you that you will be able to receive a full refund of deposit if you return the goods within a week. |
(二)标点符号 (Punctuation)
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标点符号是商务英语写作中不可缺少的辅助工具,其作用在于帮助读者分清句子结构,正确理解文字含义。
不正确使用标点符号,或是滥用标点符号会造成意思混乱,引起读者的误解。
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(1)逗号(comma)
作用: 逗号用于表示停顿或分句之间的间隔。
用法:逗号用于分隔句中的各种语言成分,并表示一个停顿,一般用于以下几种情况:
位置:a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
(2)句号 (period)
句号一般有两种用法
①
②
(3)冒号 (colon)
作用:用于引出下文,如表列、说话中的直接引语或解释。
用法与位置:
①
② 此外,冒号还用在“as follows”或“the following"的后面。
(三)商务用词的大写
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(四)数字的用法
(1)
(2)
(3)
(五)缩写
(Abbreviation):
缩写在商务英语写作中有它独特的意义。
①
②
③
④
⑤合成方位词
⑥常用的拉丁词
(2)商务英语中不应使用缩写的地方:
①
②
③
④
(六)开头与结尾
(一).开头的写法和一些技巧:
1.开头:大多数商务英语写作的内容也由开头、中间、结尾三部分组成。常用的开头句写法:
①
②
③
2.就开头的内容方面来讲,书信的开头可以涉及:
⑴ 书信去函的开头
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⑵复函的开头可以包括
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(二)书信结尾的措辞和语气
1.结尾:
写结尾句需注意以下几个地方:
④
⑤
⑥
a)
b) To sum up, you can either put your money in a savings bank and receive 6 % annual interest or invest in common stocks for higher returns but also higher risk.
2.就结尾的内容来讲,书信的结尾可以包括:
(1)去函的结尾
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等等……
(2)复函结尾可以涉及:
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(七)书信格式
信函和传真的格式
收到一封信,收信人首先注意到的是信的格式。美观整洁的书信格式会给收信人留下深刻的印象。
标准的商业书信由以下三个部分组成:
·信头
·信文
·信尾
信
发信人地址
发信日期
收信人地址
传真中收信人地址一般打在信头格式相应的空格内。
指定收信人姓名
在商业书信和传真中,指定收信人姓名这一栏现已不常用。收信人地址的首行已经写明收信人姓名,因而不一定需要专门指定收信人姓名这一栏。
如果要使用指定收信人姓名这一栏,就要从页面左边空白处写起,在收信人地址下面空两行。
称
·Dear Sir或Dear Madam(表示写给一位有具体职衔的人,如Sales Manager,
Chief Accountant等,而且写信人知道对方的性别);
·Dear Sir or Madam(表示写给一位有具体职衔而写信人又不知其性别的人);
·Dear Sirs (表示写给一家公司,没有明确的收信人)。
称呼中的第一个单词和其他所有名词的第一个字母均须大写。
事
信
信
结尾敬辞
信末签名
Yvonne Chong
口述者/打字员姓名缩写
附
·Estimate enclosed
·2 Enc./Enclosuree 2
·Enclosure
·Enclosures:
1.
2.
抄 送
如果除主要收信人之外,信件或传真还需抄送第三者时,通常用“cc”表示,“cc”即“carbon copy”(复写本;副本)。 有时,如果发信人不想让收信人知道信件或传真还要抄送给别人,就用“bcc”(“blind carbon copy”无信头副本)代替“cc”,标注在不发给收信人的影印件的下方。
附 笔
页码说明
信
传真格式
宽式标点对严式标点
商务书信一般包括全齐头式,齐头式,半齐头式---又叫缩进式,方齐头式和简化式。
例1 (全齐头式)
01345
567809 Our Ref RL/VP 3 September 1997 M J Marks 30 Arlington Court CAMBRIDGE Cambs CA29 5Rt Dear Ms. Marks Re: 500 dozen T-shirts Thank you for you inquiry in your letter of April 5 for our T-shirts. We are […] Hope to serve you soon. Yours sincerely Rebecca Johnson Rebecca Johnson Manager KF/HS Enc cc |
例2 齐头式
01345
567809 Our Ref RL/VP 3 September 1997 M J Marks 30 Arlington Court CAMBRIDGE Cambs CA29 5Rt Dear Ms. Marks Re: 500 dozen T-shirts Thank you for you inquiry in your letter of April 5 for our T-shirts. We are […] Hope to serve you soon. Yours sincerely Rebecca Johnson Rebecca Johnson Manager Enc |
半齐头式( 缩行式)的例子3
Messers Samson Ghadban Co., Ltd. 15 Horns Avenue, TRIPOLI Lebanon. Dear Mr. Smith: Thank you for replying so promptly to our enquiry for lightweight extinguishers and also for your offer to arrange a demonstration. Our general manager and our office manager will both be able to meet Mr Burton at any time during the morning or afternoon of Friday, November 10th. It would be helpful if Mr Burton would write or phone to say what time we may expect him.
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例子4 简化式
October 30,2000 Messers Samson Ghadban Co., Ltd. 15 Horns Avenue, TRIPOLI Lebanon. Thank you, Mr. Smith, for replying so promptly to our enquiry for lightweight extinguishers and also for your offer to arrange a demonstration. |
Our general manager and our office manager will both be able to meet Mr Burton at any time during the morning or afternoon of Friday, November 10th. It would be helpful if Mr Burton would write or phone to say what time we may expect him. John Black JOHN BLACK Assistant Manager |