动词的时态有8种时态：

1.动词的单数第三人称和名词复数一样：

（1）加  “s”;  looks , finds, jumps, begins, starts, plays

 (2) 以“s,x ,ch,sh,o”结尾的单词结尾加“es”, passes, relaxes, teaches, catches, watches, washes, finishes,rushes, brushes, goes, does,    

(3)以辅音字母加“y”结尾时，变“ y”为“I”加 “es” tidy-tidies, try-tries, fly-flies, carry-carries,        

   study-studies    (4)特殊的有 “have-has” 

单数第三人称用于一般现在时，它表示习惯/经常/有时有规律的事，它的构成是：

I(We,You,You,They，名词复数)+动词原形 ；He (She,It 名词单数) +动词的单数第三人称。

I (We,You,They)  have lunch at home.   肯定句）   He/She/It has supper at school.         

I(We,You,They) don’t have lunch at home. 否定句 ）  He/She/It  doesn’t have supper at school. 

Do you(we,they) have lunch at home?  (一般疑问句）Does she/It  have supper at school?     .

Yes, I we/ you/ they do. No, I/we/ you/ they don’t.   Yes, he she/ it does. No he/ she/ it doesn’t.             

Who has lunch at home?         ( 特殊疑问句）  Who has supper at school?          

 What do you/they have lunch?     (同上） What does he/she/it  have  at school?

Where do you/they have at home?  （ 同上）Where does he/ she/it  have supper at school?

The people watch the match sometimes.      This person watches the match sometimes.

The people don’t watch the match sometimes.  This person doesn’t watch the match sometimes.

Do the people watch the match sometimes?  Does this person watch the match sometimes?

Yes, they do. No,they don’t. ( 肯定回答,否定回答)     Yes, he does.  No,he doesn’t.

注意：一般现在时通常用always, often, usually, every( day, week, month, year), in the(morning, afternoon, evening), on( Sundays, Saturdays Tuesdays) , sometimes, 等时间状语连用。

2.动词的过去时和过去分词一样，规则变化都是加 “ ed’’。

（1）加 “ ed” 。例如：worked, catched, planted, played, needed,

 (2)以辅音字母加 “Y”结尾的单词变 “y”为 “I” 加 “ed”。

    carry-carried, study-studied, tidy-tidied, try-tried.

 (3)以 “e”结尾的加 “d”, move-moved, liked, loved .

(4)双写的有：stop-stopped, shop-shopped, drop-dropped, prefer-preferred, travel-trve(l)led, plan-planned.

动词的过去时用于一般过去时，它表示过去某一时间发生的动作和存在的状态。

常与yesterday, three days ago,the day before yesterday, last week( month, year), just now=a moment ago, in 1990 等时间状语连用。

I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It/ They tidied the house just now.（肯定句 ） 

I/ We/ You/ You/He/ She/ It/ They didn’t tidy the house just now（否定句）

Did you/ I / we /he /she/ it/ they/ tidy the house just now?（一般疑问句 ）

 Yes, I/ we/ he/ she/ they did.  No, I/ we didn’t.                             

What did you/ he/ she/ it/ they do?  What did you/ he/ she/ they tidy?

When did you/ he/ she/ they tidy the house?  

3.动词的过去分词用在现在完成时和过去完成时中。

（1）它表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。

常与already（已经）, yet（还）, just（刚刚）, ever（曾经）, never（从来没有过）, before（以前） so far（至今为止）,in one’s life（终生）连用。already用于肯定句和一般疑问句中，即可放在have/has与过去分词之间，又可放在句末。Yet用于疑问句和否定句句末。Before，  so far ，  in one’ s life 放在句末。(just  ever  never)放在 have/has和过去分词的中间。in the past 2 years在过去的二年

如：I  have already finished my homework.       I haven’t finished my homework yet.

    Have you finished your homework yet ?       Yes ,I have.  No,  I haven’t.  

He has ever broken windows before.         He has never broken windows before.

      Has he ever broken windows before?    Yes ,he has. No ,he hasn’t.

They have just left home for school.  How many songs has she learned so far?

      I have never seen such a beautiful mountains in my life.

（2）现在完成时还表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，延续到现在，与 for three days(三天时间)，since last year(自从去年)， ever since1996（自从1996 年），同时动词要用延续动词。

Leave-be away,  come back-be back , come here-be here,  go out-be out,  go there-be there  begin( start)-be on,  finish-be over,  join-be in,  die-be dead,  open-be open,  close-be closed  borrow-keep,  buy-have,  get to know-know

如：My father has left here for a month..___My father has been away from here for a month..          

    I have come back for a week._____ I have been back for a week.

She has come here since yesterday.____ She has been here since yesterday.        

They have gone out since a year ago.____ They have been out since a year ago.

He has gone to Beijing for 3 years.____ She has been in Beijing for 3 years.   

This film has begun since this morning._____ This film has been on since this morning.

The meeting has finished since we arrived at the office.______

The meetinting has been over since we arrived at the office.  

He and I have joined the army since we were 18 years old.______

He and I have been in the army since we were 18 years old.

My dog has died for 5 years.____ My dog has been dead for 5 years.     

\This shop has opened since 1990._____ This shop has been open since 1990.

Lily has bought this bike since she came here._____ Lily has had this bike since she came here.

We have borrowed this book for ten minutes._____ We have kept this book for ten minutes.

This shop has closed ever since last week.______ This shop has been closed ever since last week.  

She started to teach for20 years .____ She has taught for 20 years.

（3）have /has been to somewhere=have/has ever been to somewhere 曾经去过某地

    have/has never been to somewhere（从来没去过某地）   

    have/has gone to somewhere（已经去了某地，现在没回来）

have/has been in somewhere for an hour (since a year ago)（已经在某地多久了）

如：I have (ever)been to Xian twice.（我曾去过西安两次。）

How many times have you been to Xian?              

     She has gone to that park.（她已经去那个公园了。）

     They have been in that city for one month..（他们已经在那座城市一个月了。）

     How long have they been in that city ? 

     He has been in Guangzhou since one month ago.（自从一个月之前他就在广州了。）

     How long has he been in Guangzhou? 

     We have never been to Beijing.（我们从来没去过北京。）

  4．过去分词还用过去完成时中，它的构成是 had +过去分词。

   When we got there , the train had left.    By the end of the match ,they had cicked two goals. 

   By last week ,he had written two letters.     He said he had seen that bird already.

 5．将来时表示将要发生的动作，目前还未发生。它的构成是：be going to+动词原形；Will+动词原形； I/ We +shall+ 动词原形。 它常与tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next      week( month, year),   next Saturday(Monday,Wednesday,Thurday), this afternoon( evening), tonight, soon等时间壮语连用。

I am going to have a meeting this afternoon.  Are you going to have a meeting this afternoon?

I am not going to have a meeting this afternoon?        Yes, I am. No, I’m not.

What are you going to do?   When are you have a meeting?

 He/ She/ It is going to see a film tonight.     Is / he/she going to see a film tonight?

 He/ She/ It isn’t going to see a film.         Yes, he/she/it is.  No, he/she/it is.

 What is he/ she/ it going to do?   Who is going to see a film?           

 We/ You/ They are going to spend holiday in Shanghai in summer.

 Are you/ we / they going to spend holiday in summer?  Yes, you/they are. No,you/they aren’t.

We/ You/ They are going to spend holiday in Shanghi in summer.

Where are you/ they going to spend holiday?

I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It will play volleyball next week.

Will you/ she/ he/ they  play volleyball next week?

I/ We/ You/ You/ He/ She/ It will not(won’t) play volleyball.  

What will you/he/ she do?   When will you/ they/ play it?

I/ We shall go for a walk on Thursday morning.    Shall I/ We go for a walk on Thursday?

I/ We shall not go for a walk.  What shall I/ We do?    When shall I/ We go for a walk?

注意：will =be going to用于各种人称。shall用于第一人称 I和we。一般疑问句把shall,will提前,否定句是在will后面加not, will not=won’t,或在be动词后面加not.

Shall I/ We have classes?= Let me/ us have classes. =Why not have classes? =Why don’t we have classes? =What about having classes? (一般疑问句提shall,既表示将来又表示请求，此五句是同意句)

6.过去将来时表示过去某一时间，将要发生的事。

它的构成是　would+动词原形。was/ were going to+动词原形。

I didn’t know if he would come tomorrow. =I didn’t know if he was going to come tomorrow.

I was sure that she was going to speak at the meeting.

 I was sure that she would speak at the meeting.

I wanted to know if/ whether it would rain next month.  ( would=was going to rain)

They never knew that the population would become a big problem.(would=were going to become)

She didn’t know where they would go.(would=were going to go)

注意：主句是过去时，从句的将来时就用过去将来时。Would 是will 的过去时，I/ He/ She/ It was going to+动词原形，We/ You/ They were going to +动词原形。

7．另外动词　come, go, leave, travel, 这几个动词可用现在进行时表示将来时。用过去进行时表示过去将来时。

He is leaving (will leave) Lanzhou for Xi’an next January.   

Jim is coming (will come) the day after tomorrow.

They said they were going ( would go) home soon.   

I told him that we were traveling( would travel)  next March.

8.动词的现在分词用在现在进行时和过去进行时中，它的构成是 ving

(1)直接加 “ ing” ,sing-singing, play-playing, call-calling, build-building,find-finding.

(2)以一个 “e”结尾的单词去 “e” 加 “ing” move-moving, like-liking, love-loving, shine-shining, write-writing, freeze-freezing结冰，冻结 live-living, practice-practicing, deserve-deserving应得escape-escaping逃走，逃避，frustrate-frustrating使失败，receive-receiving收到，pollute-polluting污染

(3)双写的有：plan-planning, prefer-preferring, hit-hitting, cut-cutting, shop-shopping, drop-dropping, stop-stopping, grab-grabbing抓取，夺取； wag-wagging摇摆，摆动； trap-trapping使…陷入苦境 shut-shutting, beg-begging恳求，乞讨；set-setting, spit-apitting谈吐，吐唾, step-stepping踩，踏入   get-getting, run-running, put-putting, swim-swimming, begin-beginning, spit-spitting, fit-fitting（合适）　

(4)以 “ie”结尾的动词变　“ie”为 “y”加ing, lie-lying, tie-tying, die-dying.

现在进行时表示正在发生和进行的动作。

它的构成是: I am + ving ;  He/ She/ It is ving,   We/ They/ You are ving. 

It’s twelve o’clock,I am cutting down the trees.  Are you cutting down the trees?

It’s twelve o’clock, I am not cutting down the trees.  What are you doing?

He/ She/ It is planning to surf in the sea now. Is he/ she/ it planning to surf in the sea now?

He/ She/ It isn’t planning to surf now?       Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t.

What is he/ she/ it doing now?  Where is he/ she/ it planning to surf now?

Listen, they are singing in the next room.    Listen, are they singing in the next room?

Listen, they’re not singing in the room.  What are they doing?  Where are they singing ?

Look, you are running.  Look, are you running?  Look, you aren’t running.

 What are you doing?

过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在发生和进行的动作。它的构成是was/ were +ving .

I/ He/ She/ Wei Hua was watching TV last night.   Was he/ she/ it watching TV last night?（一般疑问句）

I/ He/ She/ Wei Hua wasn’t watching TV last night.    Yes, he/ she was.  No, he/ she was not.

What was he/ she/ it doing?   What was he/ she/ it doing?

We/ You/ They were making flowers this time yesterday.  

Were you/ we/ they  making flowers this time yesterday? Yes, we/they are. No, we/they aren’t.

We/ You/ They were not making flowers this time yesterday. 

When were you/ they making flowers ？

Lucy and Lily were stopping crying at that time last Friday..  

Were they stopping crying at that time last Friday? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t

Lucy and Lily weren’t stopping crying at that time last Friday.   .

Jim was putting on his clothes at six last Sunday.Was Jim putting on his clothes at six last Sunday?

Jim was not putting on his clothes at six last Sunday. Yes, he was. No, he wasn’tWhat was he doing?

“when和while”引导的时间状语从句往往用过去进行时。

When the teacher came in, what was Li Lie doing?   

When/ While they were sweeping the floor, the bell rang.

My pen dropped on the ground when/ while I was reading.  While he was cooking, I came in.

（while 后面的从句用进行时，而when 用过去时和过去进行时都行。）