加载中…【莱奥帕尔迪的诗与哲学】
(2015-08-23 13:02:17)
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文化莱奥帕尔迪道德小品抒情诗意大利 |
《道德小品》是一系列一一对话体，非常奇妙。
吕同六 译
1.这个时代，理智驱使我们变得十分清醒，因而心灵已不再会颤动，即使突然颤抖起来，理智便会即刻赶来进行搜索，以根除引发颤抖的奥秘。一切魅力，一切幻想，都因此而荡然无存；一切崇高的意念，也因此而销声匿迹。
2.这个时代，心灵的每一活动，无不受到窥测，犹如捕鸟者之对待动物；人们的心灵所感受到的，赖以引发激动的，所表现出来的，以及所体会到的一切的一切，都有如天文学家预言星辰的出现和彗星的运行周期一样，准确无误地被预见，被报道。
3.想象所需要的，不是这些压迫、牢狱和锁链，唯有自由才能赋予想象以勇气。
对于想象而言，科学和发明并非是任凭它自由翱翔的广阔天地，而是限制它驰骋的壕沟和土埂；而那过于明亮的真理之光，不可能对有如生性乖张的妇女一般的幻想产生良好的影响，概括性的道理，也不能使业已十分丰富的幻想获得加强。
想象的首要财富乃自由，而为人们所认识的真理及其无可置疑的本性，却恰恰剥夺了我们想象的自由。
4.理性人们的幻想枯萎衰竭，因而人的伟大及其思想、事业的伟大，也伴随着理性统治的增强而减弱。
诗人比任何人都更需要活跃的幻想，在许许多多的事物之中，诗人应当是不平凡的，有时甚至是狂放不羁的。
然而，现今是光明和理性的世纪，它取笑诗人的虚伪，甚至总是违心地将这些虚伪揭示出来，继而加以奚落一番。
这光明和理性的世纪，不仅轻易不允许诗人成为非凡的，而且常常打着理性所传授的极其古怪的名义，把它斥责为怪物，称之为中邪或狂妄。
这一切，正是文学艺术最大的不幸，也是诗歌难以形容的灾难。
5.我认为，诗人是可以虚构的，因此应当用自己的艺术把我们带往古代，还我们以失去的自然；并向我们揭示大自然依然存在，而且和过去一样美好这一事实，是我们借助诗人的艺术，亲眼目睹并且感受到大自然的存在，从而获得那种非凡的享受。
《无限》 （L'infinito）【意】贾科莫·莱奥帕尔迪
贾科莫·莱奥帕尔迪（Giacomo Leopardi，1798.6.29 ——1837.6.14）。意大利十九世纪浪漫主义时期杰出大诗人，哲学家，学者。他的优秀诗作表达民族复兴运动的理想，复辟时期的创作有较浓郁的悲观色彩。他的诗语言洗练朴素，格律自由多变，开意大利现代自由体抒情诗的先河。
这荒僻的山岗
L'infinito
Giacomo
Leopardi
Sempre caro mi fu quest'ermo colle
E questa siepe che da tanta parte
De'l ultimo orrizonte il guarde esclude.
Ma sedendo e mirando interminati
Spazi di la da quella, e sovrumani
Silenzi, e profondissima quiete,
Io nel pensier mi fingo, ove per poco
Il cor non si spaura. E come il vento
Odo stormir tra queste piante, io quello
Infinito silenzio a questa voce
Vo comparando; e mi sovvien l'eterno,
E le morte stagioni, e la presente
E viva, e'l suon di lei. Cosi tra questa
Immensita s'annega il pensier mio:
E'l naufragar m'e dolce in questo mare.
1819
【参考的英译多种】
（1）
The Infinite
Always to me beloved was this lonely hillside
And the hedgerow creeping over and always hiding
The distances, the horizon's furthest reaches.
But as I sit and gaze, there is an endless
Space still beyond, there is a more than mortal
Silence spread out to the last depth of peace,
Which in my thought I shape until my heart
Scarcely can hide a fear. And as the wind
Comes through the copses sighing to my ears,
The infinite silence and the passing voice
I must compare: remembering the seasons,
Quiet in dead eternity, and the present,
Living and sounding still. And into this
Immensity my thought sinks ever drowning,
And it is sweet to shipwreck in such a sea.
Leopardi, Giacomo. "The Infinite." Translated by Henry Reed. Listener 43, no. 1113 (25 May 1950): 924
（2）
Infinative
I've always loved this lonesome hill
And this hedge that hide
The entire horizon,almost,from sight.
But sitting here in a daydream,I picture
The boundless spaces away out there,silences
Deeper than human silence,an unfathomable hush
In which my heart is hardly a beat
From fear. And hearing the wind
Rush rustling through these bushes,
I pit its speech against infinative silence ——
And a notion of eternity floats to mind,
And the dead seasons,and the season
Beating here and now,and the sound of it.So,
In this immensity my thoughts all down;
And it's easeful to be wrecked in seas like these.
（3）
The Infinite
This solitary hill has always been dear to me
And this hedge, which prevents me from seeing most of
The endless horizon.
But when I sit and gaze, I imagine, in my thoughts
Endless spaces beyond the hedge,
An all encompassing silence and a deeply profound quiet,
To the point that my heart is almost overwhelmed.
And when I hear the wind rustling through the trees
I compare its voice to the infinite silence.
And eternity occurs to me, and all the ages past,
And the present time, and its sound.
Amidst this immensity my thought drowns:
And to founder in this sea is sweet to me.
（4）
The Infinite
It was always dear to me, this solitary hill,
and this hedgerow here, that closes out my view,
from so much of the ultimate horizon.
But sitting here, and watching here, in thought,
I create interminable spaces,
greater than human silences, and deepest
quiet, where the heart barely fails to terrify.
When I hear the wind, blowing among these leaves,
I go on to compare that infinite silence
with this voice, and I remember the eternal
and the dead seasons, and the living present,
and its sound, so that in this immensity
my thoughts are drowned, and shipwreck seems sweet
to me in this sea.
贾科莫·莱奥帕尔迪（Giacomo Leopardi，1798.6.29 ——1837.6.14）。意大利十九世纪浪漫主义时期杰出大诗人，哲学家，学者。他的优秀诗作表达民族复兴运动的理想，复辟时期的创作有较浓郁的悲观色彩。他的诗语言洗练朴素，格律自由多变，开意大利现代自由体抒情诗的先河。
对于我总是那么亲切，
篱笆遮住我的目光
使我难以望尽遥远的地平线。
我安坐在山岗
从篱笆上眺望无限的空
坠落超脱尘世的寂静
与无比深沉的安宁，
在这里，我的心再也不用担惊受怕。
我倾听草木间轻风喁喁细诉
这幽微的风声，
生气盎然的时令，它的乐音，
同那逝去的季节，
同那逝去的永恒，
一起在我的脑中盘桓。
我的思绪就这样
沉落在这无穷无尽的天宇；
在这无限的海洋中沉没
该是多么甜蜜。
Sempre caro mi fu quest'ermo colle
E questa siepe che da tanta parte
De'l ultimo orrizonte il guarde esclude.
Ma sedendo e mirando interminati
Spazi di la da quella, e sovrumani
Silenzi, e profondissima quiete,
Io nel pensier mi fingo, ove per poco
Il cor non si spaura. E come il vento
Odo stormir tra queste piante, io quello
Infinito silenzio a questa voce
Vo comparando; e mi sovvien l'eterno,
E le morte stagioni, e la presente
E viva, e'l suon di lei. Cosi tra questa
Immensita s'annega il pensier mio:
E'l naufragar m'e dolce in questo mare.
【参考的英译多种】
（1）
The Infinite
Always to me beloved was this lonely hillside
And the hedgerow creeping over and always hiding
The distances, the horizon's furthest reaches.
But as I sit and gaze, there is an endless
Space still beyond, there is a more than mortal
Silence spread out to the last depth of peace,
Which in my thought I shape until my heart
Scarcely can hide a fear. And as the wind
Comes through the copses sighing to my ears,
The infinite silence and the passing voice
I must compare: remembering the seasons,
Quiet in dead eternity, and the present,
Living and sounding still. And into this
Immensity my thought sinks ever drowning,
And it is sweet to shipwreck in such a sea.
Leopardi, Giacomo. "The Infinite." Translated by Henry Reed. Listener 43, no. 1113 (25 May 1950): 924
（2）
Infinative
I've always loved this lonesome hill
And this hedge that hide
The entire horizon,almost,from sight.
But sitting here in a daydream,I picture
The boundless spaces away out there,silences
Deeper than human silence,an unfathomable hush
In which my heart is hardly a beat
From fear. And hearing the wind
Rush rustling through these bushes,
I pit its speech against infinative silence ——
And a notion of eternity floats to mind,
And the dead seasons,and the season
Beating here and now,and the sound of it.So,
In this immensity my thoughts all down;
And it's easeful to be wrecked in seas like these.
（3）
The Infinite
This solitary hill has always been dear to me
And this hedge, which prevents me from seeing most of
The endless horizon.
But when I sit and gaze, I imagine, in my thoughts
Endless spaces beyond the hedge,
An all encompassing silence and a deeply profound quiet,
To the point that my heart is almost overwhelmed.
And when I hear the wind rustling through the trees
I compare its voice to the infinite silence.
And eternity occurs to me, and all the ages past,
And the present time, and its sound.
Amidst this immensity my thought drowns:
And to founder in this sea is sweet to me.
（4）
The Infinite
It was always dear to me, this solitary hill,
and this hedgerow here, that closes out my view,
from so much of the ultimate horizon.
But sitting here, and watching here, in thought,
I create interminable spaces,
greater than human silences, and deepest
quiet, where the heart barely fails to terrify.
When I hear the wind, blowing among these leaves,
I go on to compare that infinite silence
with this voice, and I remember the eternal
and the dead seasons, and the living present,
and its sound, so that in this immensity
my thoughts are drowned, and shipwreck seems sweet
to me in this sea.
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