祈使句讲解
(2011-11-01 16:06:34)
标签:
杂谈 |
分类: 英语世界 |
祈使句讲解
一、祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,例:Go and wash your hands.
例如:保持肃静! Be kind to our
sister.
二、表现形式
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here.
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don\'t构成,如:Don\'t forget me!Don\'t be late for school! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don\'t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don\'t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3.
有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking!
二、祁使句
祁使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祁使句有以下五种:
1) Let's 开头的祁使句 如: Let's say it in English .
2) 动词原形开头的祁使句. 如: Listen to the teacher .
3) Shall I 开头的祁使句 . 如: Shall I carry the parcel for you ?
4) Will you 开头的祁使句. 如: Will you come here early ?
5) 以 Please 开头的祁使句 如: Please take a message for him.
6)带呼语的祈使句 , 如: Mary, come down here ! (对mary 讲话,而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)
7)不让对方做某事, 英语用 " Don't " . 例如:
Don't speak loud . 不要大声讲话. Don't write in that way . 不要那样写.
"let"带头的祈使句是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种:
1.表示“建议”。 这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如:
(1) Let me try.
这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:
(4) a.
Don't disturb him. 是直接命令,语气强烈 b. Let's not
disturb him.
2.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。
这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如:
(7) Let him try and he will expose(暴露) his inability(无力) to work on his own.
(8) Let the invaders(侵略者come and our armed forces will wipe(擦拭)them out in no time.
用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:
一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let......not" (见例(10)):
(9) Don't let this type of things happen again.
(10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.
二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如:
(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等:
(13) Let the puppy out.
(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
(16) Let me alone, please.
四、用"Let\'s"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:
(17) Let's try it, shall we?
(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。