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感叹句的引导词

(2010-07-31 18:33:47)
标签:

英语

教育

分类: 初高資料

感叹句引导词的判断技巧

感叹句用于表示强烈的感情,常用what和how引出强调部分并放在句首。如下面的句子:

1. What a nice house (it is)!

2. How beautiful the girl is!

what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,但当名词前还有形容词时就容易判断错。如:       beautiful flowers! 此句应用What来引导,但有的同学会错用How来引导。下面讲一个感叹句引导词的判断技巧。

我们知道,感叹句也是句子,只不过把强调部分放在了句首。因此它也应该有主语和谓语,有时候主语和谓语被省略了,我们可以把主语和谓语补上。例如:

    What a lovely day!    → What a lovely day it is!

    What beautiful flowers!→ What beautiful flowers they are!

    What important news! → What important news it is!

    How fast!           → How fast it goes! (不同情况下此句有不同主谓)

    How happy!         → How happy they are! (不同情况下此句有不同主谓)

    How beautiful the flowers are!

    How fast the boat is!

仔细观察后你就会发现,在感叹句的主语前若还有名词存在时,要用What来引导;在感叹句的主语前若无名词时,则用How来引导这就是感叹句引导词的判断技巧。但在“How +形容词+ a / an +名词单数+主谓!”中不可用What,因为此句中强调了形容词。例如:

How naughty a boy your brother is!

 

 习题精选

用What或How填空:

1.             a big tree it is!

2.             big the tree is!

3.             beautiful pictures!

4.             beautiful the pictures are!

5.             high the building is!

6.             big eyes she has!

7.             lovely the ice-cream is!

8.             lovely ice-cream!

答案:1. What   2. How   3. What   4. How   

      5. How   6. What   7. How   8. What  

 

感叹句结构
 
  感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
  what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
  掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。

How +形容词+ a +名词+       陈述语序  
How+形容词或副词+         陈述语序
What +名词+            陈述语序
What+a+形容词+名词+        陈述语序
What+ 形容词+复数名词+       陈述语序
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+      陈述语序

How clever a boy he is!
How lovely the baby is!
What noise they are making!
What a clever boy he is!
What wonderful ideas (we have)!
What cold weather it is!
感叹句的省略形式为:
What a clever boy (he is)!

典型例题
1)___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice  B. What a nice  C. How nice  D. What nice
答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)

2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What  B. What a  C. How  D. How a
答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

3) --- _____ I had!
  --- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time  B. What time   C. How a time   D. how time
答案A. 感叹句分两类:
     1:What + n.+主谓部分
     2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

 

感叹句 

 

Exercise Eleven

 

Multiple Choice:

1. ___ fine voice she has!

A. How      B. What     C. What a      D. How a

2. ___ foolish I was ___ like that!

A. What, thinking    B. How, to think    C. What, to think   D. How, think

3. ___ great progress in English he had made!

A. What a     B. How     C. What     D. How a

4. ___ proud ___ our great motherland we are!

A. How, of    B. How, in    C. What, of    D. What, in

5. ___ of you to me!

A. What kind    B. What a kind    C. How kind    D. How much

6. ___ I wish to become a astronaut!

A. What    B. What do     C. How    D. How do

7. ___ long time the film lasted!

A. What    B. What a    C. How    D. How do

8. ___ question you asked!

A. How silly    B. What silly    C. What silly a     D. How silly a

9. ___ he was to hear the news!

A. How puzzling   B. How puzzled    C. What a puzzle   D. How

10. ___ useful suggestion he made!

A. What an   B. What a     C. What    D. How

 

 

 

 

Keys to Exercise Eleven

答案: 1—5 CBCAC  6—10 CBDBB
概述:感叹句通常由感叹形容词what或感叹副词how引导。通常句型为:
(一) what 引导的感叹句
What +不定冠词(a, an)+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语动词)
   1.

What a happy life we are living!
What an honest child he is!
         注意此句型也可变形为How引导,但需将形容词提前到How后。如
     What a beautiful girl she is!
           = How beautiful a girl she is!
What +形容词+复数可数名词+(主语+谓语动词)
2.

   What beautiful songs she sang!
      What good presents we were given!
What +(形容词)+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词
3.
    
What fine weather it is!
What noise they are making!
(二) How 引导的感叹句
How + 形容词(副词)+主语+谓语动词
1.

   How blind you are!
      How splendid the Emperor looks in his new clothes!
      How hard they are working!
      How well they sang!
How +主语+谓语动词
2.

   How he ran!  (= How fast he ran!)
      How time flies! (= How fast time flies!)
      How it rained!  (= How heavily it rained!)
    (此句型实际上是省去了另一副词,意思往往可据上下文,情景体现)
  以上为感叹句的常规句型,在日常生活中还有如下形式感叹句
1. 以What 或How引导的感叹句,常用省略或(省去主语+谓语)
How cold!   (=How cold it is!)    好冷呀!
What colours!   多好的颜色呀!
2. 陈述句,疑问句,甚至一个词都可以成为感叹句。
Great!       太棒了!
Happy New Year!       新年好!
Aren’t the babies lovely!  这些孩子真可爱呀!


1. 点击:此题关键是弄清voice是可数名词还是不可数名词。
     voice 在纯指嗓声时,为不可数名词。如
He is not in good voice.  他的声音和平时不一样。
     voice 在指嗓音质地(高低、尖粗、好坏等)时,是可数名词。如
in a loud (low, soft, shrill, rough, etc.) voice
Don’t talk in a loud voice!    别大声谈话。
They all have sweet voices.    他们声音都很甜美。
I did not recognize her voice.   我辨别不出她的声音。
2.点击:因为foolish是形容词,由How引导感叹句是不容置疑的,关键在于后一空白用什么词。把上句复原为陈述句应为
      I was foolish to think like that.   我那样想是不聪明的。
     属于不定式用作原因状语,故应该选B。再如
       I’m glad to meet you.
                 →How glad I am to meet you!
              I’m happy to be given so many presents.      (被动式不定式)
         →How happy I am to be given so many presents!
                        要给我那么多礼物,我太快活了!
3.点击:progress 系不可数名词,因此只能用
     “What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词”句型
4.点击:“be proud of…”系固定搭配,意为“以(为)…而自豪”
     又因proud 是形容词,感叹句需由How引导。
5.点击:从所给句子看,省去了“主语+谓语动词”(it is /was),属于
     “It’s kind of sb. + to do (to sb.)”句型,又因kind是形容词,故应该用How引导感叹句。再如下面几种句型转换
      He was stupid to make such a mistake.
           → It was stupid of him to make such a mistake.
           → How stupid of him (it was) to make such a mistake!
6.点击:本句属“How+主语+谓语动词”句型。(省去另一副词)
7.点击:time意为“point or period of time”属可数名词,如
            We have waited here for a long time.
        所以应该用“What + a (an) +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语动词”。
8.点击:因为question是可数名词单数,本应该用“what + a ”,但所供答案中无这一选择,故只能选用它的变形句型:
     “How +形容词+不定冠词(a, an)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语动词”
9.点击:本题考查二个语言点
1) 分词的正确使用:
现在分词表示“使人…”“令人…”puzzling意“令人费解(疑惑)”
过去分词表示“感到…”“被使得…”puzzled意“感到疑惑(费解)”
所以本题应该选用puzzled。
2) puzzled是用作形容词的过去分词,不是名词,故应该选How作引导词。
10.点击:“suggestion”表示“idea”“plan”意时为可数名词,make a suggestion提个建议(主意)。

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