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日期：2004-3-29 作者：Cathy  
Chapter 5 The Modern Period

I. Choose the right answer:
1. The three trilogies of_____Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.
A. D. H. Lawrence’s
B. John Galsworthy’s
C. James Joyce’s
D. Thomas Hardy’s
Answer: B (P337)

2. ____is the most outstanding stream-consciousness novelist.
A. T.S. Eliot
B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
C. James Joyce
D. Oscar Wilder
Answer: D (P317)

3. In his famous poem_____, Yeats explores the problems of death, love, old age and art.
A. "Leda and the Swan"
B. "No Second Troy"
C. "September 1913"
D. "Sailing to Byzantium"
Answer: D (P354)

4. ____is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.
A. Ulysses
B. The Waste Land
C. The Confidential Clerk
D. Dubliners
Answer: B (P360)

5. The Rainbow and_____are generally regarded as D.H. Lawrence’s masterpieces.
A. Women in Love
B. Son s and Lovers
C. Lady Chatterley’s Lover
D. The Plumed Serpent
Answer: A (P370)

6. In ____, James Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing an instance of how a single event contains all the events of its kind, and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day.
A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
B. Dubliners
C. Ulysses
D. Finnegans Wake
Answer: C (P388)

7. Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Shaw follows the great tradition _______.
A. Modernism
B. Romanticism
C. Realism
D. Naturalism
Answer: C (P323)

8. Galsworthy was a _____writer, having inherited the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such as Dickens and Thackeray.
A. naturalistic
B. romantic
C. realistic
D. conventional
Answer: D (P338)

9. In "The Forsyte Saga" by John Galsworthy, a typical Forsyte has a remarkable characteristic-----a strong sense of______.
A. money
B. property
C. success
D. privilege
Answer: B (P339)

10. In "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", William Bulter Yeats expresses his ____________.
A. hope to go abroad
B. desire to escape into a "fairyland"
C. love for common life
D. hatred for war
Answer: B (P356)

11. In which of the following poems by Yeats did you find the allusion to Helen and Trojan War?
A. Sailing to Byzantium
B. Down by the Sally Garden
C. The Lake Isle of Innisfree
D. Leda and the Swan
Answer: D (P354)

12. Of the following poems by T.S. Eliot, which is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th Century English Poetry?
A. Poems 1909----1925
B. The Hollow Men
C. Prufrock and Other Observations
D. The Waste Land
Answer: D (P359)

13. "The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes,/ The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes/ Linked its tongue into the corners of the evening,/ Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains." The stanza is taken from_________.
A. T.S. Eliot’s "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
B. Emily Dickinson’s "Because I could not stop for Death"
C. Alfred Tennyson’s "Break, Break, Break"
D. William Wordsworth’s "I wandered Lonely as a Cloud"
Answer: A (P363---364)

14. Which of the following best describes the speaker of ’The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"?
A. He is a man of an action.
B. He is a man of apathy.
C. He is a man of inactivity.
D. All the above are wrong.
Answer: C (P363)

15. Of the following works by D.H. Lawrence, _______established his position as novelist.
A. The White Peacock
B. The Trespasser
C. Women in Love
D. Sons and Lovers
Answer: D (P370)

16. Which of the following is considered to be a better-structured novel?
A. Women in Love
B. Son s and Lovers
C. The Rainbow
D. Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Answer: A (P372)

17. ’The Lawrence trilogy" refers to the following three plays except ______.
A. A Collier’s Friday Night]
B. The Daughter -in-Law
C. The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyed
D. Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Answer: D (P373)

18. Which of the following writings is not the novel of D.H. Lawrence’s?
A. Sons and Lovers
B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Man
C. The White Peacock.
D. The Rainbow
Answer: B (P369---370)

19. Of the following writings by James Joyce, which is a prime example of modernism in literature?
A. Ulysses
B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Man
C. Dubliners
D. Finnegans Wake
Answer: A (P386)

20. Which of the following is not true according to James Joyce?
A. Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature.
B. Joyce is regarded as the most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist.
C. Joyce is a realistic writer in English literature history.
D. His novel "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young man" is a naturalistic account of the hero’s bitter experiences and his final artistic and spiritual liberation.
Answer: C (P386---389)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:
1. Analyze the poem of T. S. Eliot -"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
1) "In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo"

<1> Why does the sentence repeat in the poem for several times?

Answer:
The sentence symbolizes the remote and faraway things, it implies the inability to face up with the reality and the life of the hero. (P363)

2) "And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street, ...
There will be time, there will be time ...."

<1> What deep implication can you get from the passage?

Answer:
The hero was unable to face up with the life and reality bravely, but he was anxious to find time passing so quickly that he was very depressed. The passage shows the tragic character of the indecision of the young man. (P363)

3) "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from the father room.
So how should I presume?

<1> What did the speaker presume?
<2> Interpret the excerpt.

Answer:
<1> He will propose marriage to a girl, but he dare not.

<2> The Excerpt shows the futile and boring life of the upper class. (Every day, they drink coffee, listen to music, but they can’t really enjoy the pleasure of life, leading a boring life.)

4) "I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floor of silent seas."

<1> Interpret it.

Answer:
If he had been a crab on the ocean bed, maybe he would have been better. The motion of the crab suggests futility and growing old. (P368 注释5)

5) "But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:
Would it have been worthwhile" (此节选部分在P367)

<1> Interpret it.

Answer:
The sentence implies the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and to life. He is always fearful that others will see through his ideas and truth of falling love, which makes himself live in frightening and restlessness. (P363)

2. "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:
Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade"

1) Identify the poem and poet;
2) Interpret the poem.

Answer:
1) The poem is "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", which was written by William Butler Yeats. (P355)

2) In the poem, the poet imagined a place where he could live like a hermit, implying that he was tired of the life of his day, he sought to escape into and ideal "fairyland" where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoyed the beauty of the nature.

3. "North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers’ school set the boys free ..., gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces."

1) Comment the main tone of the story with the concrete images of the passage.
2) Analyze the theme of the story.
3) Explain the devices of symbols with the examples of the article.

Answer:
1) The tone of the story is a fine tuned melancholy.
The scene is drab, lifeless. The Christian School sounds like prison -it sets the boys free. The brown color also showed the tone of the story. (节选部分在P390)

2) The story introduced a little boy’s love experience, expressing his awareness of reality and expectation, and pointing out the drabness and harshness of the adult world. (P385)

3) In this article the author used many images to show the symbols meaning, expressing the frustrated quest for beauty. (P390)
For example: The little boy lived with his uncle and aunt -a symbol
of the isolation and the lack of proper relationship;
His uncle forgot his arrangement is a symbol of the boy’s failure;
The deserted train symbol the indifference relationship, and "all the stalls were in closed and the greatest part of the hall was in darkness" and "the upper part of the hall was now completely dark" symbol the destined failure of the boy’s quest for the beauty.

4. "You are not, my son. Battle-battle -and suffer. It’s about all you do, as far as I can see."
"But why not, my dear? I tell you it’s the best ---"
"It isn’t. And one ought to be happy, one ought."
By this time Mrs. Morel was trembling violently ...
"Eh, my dear -say rather you want me to live."

1) Name the works and its writer.
2) Who are the two speakers? How do you know her?

Answer:
1) The novel is named "Sons and Lovers". It’s the works of D. H. Lawrence. (节选部分在P383)

2) The two speakers are Mrs. Morel and her son (Paul).
Mrs. Morel is a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman. Having been disappointed with her husband, a coal miner, she puts all her feeling on her son, hoping to realize her ideas of success, happiness and social esteem. The distorted relationship reflects the inhuman mechanical civilization and the indifference of the men. (P375—376)

III. Questions and answers:
1. What are the characters of Modernism?

Answer:
1) Modernism rose out of scepticism and disillusionment of capitalism;

2) The French symbolism heralded modernism;

3) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base;

4) The major theme of Modernism are the distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and man, man and himself;

5) The Modernists concern about the private, subjective, inner individual and the tone is disillusioned. (P312—313)

2. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary, how do you know his works?

Answer:
1) Lawrence’s interest lay in the psychological development of his character;

2) He criticized the dehumanizing effect of the capitalism industrialization on human which turned man into inhuman machines and unhealthy animal;

3) He believes the life impulse -the sexual impulse was man’s most important instinct, any conscious repression would cause distortion of the man’s personality;

4) He explored the relationship of man and woman in psychology;

5) He believed the alienation and the perversion were caused by the desire for power and money. (P317)

3. What philosophical ideas influenced Modernism?

Answer:
1) Karl Marx’s scientific socialism;

2) Darwin’s theory evolution -the social Darwinism "survival of the fittest";

3) Einstein’s theory of relativity;

4) Freud’s analytical psychology;

5) The irrational philosophy. (P311—P312)

4. Common sense about "The Waste Land"

Answer:
"The Waste Land" is T. S. Eliot’s masterpiece:

1) The poem presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation;

2) It reflects the mood of disillusionment, frustration, and despair of the whole post-war generation;

3) It concerns with the spirit breakup that man has lost his meaning, significance, and purpose of life;

4) The poem derogated/criticized the civilized world for its horror, menace, anguish and futility. (P359—362)

5. Analyze the background of the Modernism.

Answer:
1) Natural and social sciences advanced greatly, capitalism came into its monopoly stage, the gap between the poor and the rich was deepened;

2) The First World War and The Second World War happened, which influenced people greatly;

3) All kinds of philosophical ideas were produced. (P311—312)

6. Say something about Freudian and Jungian’ psycho-analysis.

Answer:
1) Multiple/many levels of consciousness exist in the human mind at the same time;

2) Man’s present are the sum of his past, present and future;

3) Truth exists in the unique, isolated, and private world of each individual.

4) The theory creates "steam-of-consciousness". (P316)

7. Why Modernism is different from Realism?

Answer:
In many aspects, Modernism acts against Realism;

1) Modernism rejects rationalism, while Realism stresses it;

2) Modernism includes internal, subjective, psychological world, while Realism stresses external, objective, and material world;

3) Modernism advocates new forms and new techniques, and it casts away all the traditional elements such as: story, character, etc. while Realism stresses it.

4) Modernism works are called anti-novel, anti-poetry, anti-drama etc. (P313)

8. List the representative authors of the "Stream of Consciousness" and explain the theory.

Answer:
1) Stream of Consciousness is a narrative method to describing the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the characters, but not using objective description or conventional dialogue.
Authors represent the thought, emotions without logical sequence or syntax and make the characters tell the inner movement of consciousness and the thoughts.

2) The representative authors are: James Joyce "Ulysses"
Virginia Woolf "Mrs. Dalloway"
Richardson "Pilgrimage"
T. S. Eliot
Henry James
George Eliot (P389)