英语阅读理解之作者态度

做题方法：1.找作者直接评价语句 ；2.找表达感情色彩的形容词、动词、副词。

一 支持，赞同，乐观   二客观，中立  三反对、批评、怀疑、悲观

一支持，赞同，乐观positive. adj/favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的/approve of /approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准 /enthusiasm  n.狂热, 热心, 积极性/supportive  adj.支持的，支援的 defensive 为……而辩护
二客观，中立(即好的坏的都说，选的可能性极大)
objective adj.客观的 neutral adj.中立的 impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的
disinterested adj.无私的 imprejudiced adj.没有偏见的 unbiased adj.没有偏见的
unprejudiced adj.公平的, 无偏见的, 没有成见的 moderate中等的,适度的, 不偏激的

impersonal adj.非个人的 factual adj.事实的, 实际的,根据事实的 mixed喜忧参半的

三反对、批评、怀疑、悲观
negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的/disapproval 不赞成 objection 异议
opposition 反对 critical 批评的 criticism 批评批判 disgust vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感vt.使作呕 warning警告的 /compromising妥协的;让步的doubt/doubtful/suspicious可疑的, 怀疑的/ suspicion n. /question/puzzling adj.使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的/depressed 消沉的/unconcerned不关心的
四 作者个人情绪
subjective adj.主观的, 个人的indifferent 漠不关心的/indifference n.不关心 tolerance n.宽容，容忍，忍受 pessimism n.悲观, 悲观主义pessimistic 悲观的 gloomy adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的 optimistic adj.乐观的 sensitive 有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的 scared adj.恐惧的 reserved adj.保留的,有保留的 moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和 mild adj.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的 ironic adj.说反话的, 讽刺的 confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的 amazed adj.吃惊的, 惊奇的 worried / concerned adj.关心的, 有关的 apprehensive adj.担忧，担心 mixed 喜忧参半 biased 有偏见的  concerned 关注的hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的

五 有些选项是永远不能作为正确答案的：indifferent subjective biased puzzling  compromising                      

(第一篇)Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I am sick of all this bad news.

This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to______.

A.complain       B. apologize       C. amuse        D. inform

（第二篇）We find that our students don’t read and look down upon reading and even scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. Therefore, I have reached a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch all they want!

What do you think is the author’s attitude towards TV?

A. Curious.   B. Worried.   C. Unfavorable.   D. Favorable.

（第三篇）Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I like the idea of dreaming of going to bed and lying still and then, by some astonishing magic, wandering into another kind of existence. As a child, I could never understand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss (大惊小怪) about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am puzzled by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than it would be if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing (打喷嚏). I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important.          1. What is the author’s attitude toward dreaming?

A. He likes it.         B. He thinks it puzzling. C. He used to like it.  D. He dislikes it.

2. The writer suggests that people who say they never go out for a walk are _____.

A. interesting    B. surprising    C. foolish    D. lazy

4

　On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and lauded over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?    (2008年全国卷I A篇)

　　58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?

A. More critical. B. More talkative. C. Gentle and friendly. D. Strict and hard-working.

5（2011·重庆卷）C

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16^th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18^th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

64. The kings of France and England in the 16^th century closed bath houses because       .  A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

65.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

A. Afraid.    B. Curious.  C. Approving.  D. Uninterested.

66. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.  B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance.

67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.    B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.

6

The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily; the grocer, the butcher(肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times, a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
　　The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed----natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling….

What refrigeration did promote was marketing----marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
　　Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house----while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers(汉堡包), but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.

1. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?
 A. People would not buy more food than was necessary.
 B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
 C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
 D. People had effective ways to preserve their food.

2. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?
 A. Inventors    B. Consumers    C. Manufacturers    D. Travelling salesman
3. What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?
  A. Neutral    B. Critical    C. Objective    D. Compromising