改错专项训练
(2011-07-18 11:42:19)
标签:
教育 |
1
2
3 去掉(1—2个):在文中用斜线( \ )划掉该词;在题号后写上要划掉的词,并也用斜线划掉。
4 正确(1个):在题号后横线上写出正确符号(√) 。
短文改错口诀:
名词爱考单复数,冠词在前“错”、“多”、“少”。
动词时态和语态,非谓搭配莫错了。
连、代、形、副错一样,多是故意来混淆。
介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到。
句法涉及到“一致”,从句多考关系词。
词法句法均未错,逻辑推理去寻找。
1.名词爱考“数”与“格”,冠词在前“错”、“多”、“少”。
名词的考查主要是名词的单复数。即:该用复数用单数;该用单数用复数;不可数名词加 –s.
(NMET 2010II) Christie was one of my best friend at high
school.
(NMET 2010II) Thank to her help, I made progress in my
study.
(NMET 2010I) He gave me some advices on how to write like a real writer. _______
(NMET 2010四川卷) I’ve nearly killed three
peoples
(NMET 2010辽宁卷) Like the rest of my classmate, I didn’t really want to… ______
冠词的考查主要涉及以下几个方面:1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词和定冠词的互改;3)冠词的多余或缺失。
(NMET I) There was Uncle chen,gentleman living near my
house…
(NMET 四川卷) …It all because of the business of driving on
right
(NMET 重庆卷) Besides,a friend is always good listener when you need one.______
(NMET 陕西卷) Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price
on it
2.动词时态和语态,非谓搭配摸错了。
时态错误是短文改错的必考题目。其主要考查两种时态的互改:一般现在时和一般过去时。不过也要注意对其他时态的考查,如2009年四川卷考查了过去式错用成了过去完成时。语态主要是主被动的错用
(NMET陕西卷) My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping on the
other
day.
(NMET 重庆卷) If you tell him a secret,never will he talks about it
with anybody
else.
(NMET 陕西卷)…It was turned out to be her own
cup…
(NMET 2010四川卷) And after many attempts, she past her driving
test and told her
husband…
(NMET 2010辽宁卷) She worn black sports shoes and a black
sweater.
(NMET II) She said it was the best gift she has ever
had.
非谓语动词的使用错误主要体现在:动词不定式符号to不可以省去的却省去了,不需要用的却用了;该用过去分词的却用了现在分词,该用现在分词的却用了过去分词;该用非谓语动词的却用了谓语动词等。
(NMET I ) He agreed to reading my story.____
(NMET重庆卷) after hear your sad stories,he will say some
words.
(NMET浙江卷) “excuse me,”she said,put her arm around the unhappy old woman._____
(NMET陕西卷) My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she
could
(NMET II) I look forward to see her again in the near
future
(NMET陕西卷) The assistant was clearly as embrassing as my
sister.
(NMET辽宁卷)…she never seemed care what the rest of us thought
about
her.
3.连、代、形、副错一样,多是故意来混淆。
连词多考查误用,比如but和and;when和while;before和after的混淆等。
(NMET I ) All I had to do was to write a story or present
it
(NMET四川卷) But then a week after the trip,she suddenly announced
that they wouldn’t take the
holiday.
(NMET课程标准卷)…my neighbor picked up the box but
announced…
代词的错误常见的是代词的性别、单复数及代词的格与文章的逻辑意义不一致。
(NMETI)…she passed her driving test and told her husband that,to
celebrate,he was going to drive him over to France for a
holiday.
(NMET辽宁卷)It was only when we did their chemistry project
together that I began to understand why
…
(NMET陕西卷)She didn’t talk
many.
形容词、副词的错用指的是该用形容词的用了副词,该用副词的却用了形容词
(NMETI)…who was a very much famous
writer.
(NMET重庆卷) Still,your happiness makes him happily
too.
(NMET辽宁卷)She was,in fact,rather
attractively,and…
(NMET)陕西卷)I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked
face!
4.介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到。
介词错误主要考查动介搭配及名介搭配
(NMETI) It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first Prize on
the Story Writing
Show.
(NMET重庆卷)…a good friend is willing to offer the help to which
you need…
(NMETII)Before her leaving off,I prepared a
gift.
(NMET四川卷)He asked her by
surprise.
5.句法涉及到“一致”,从句多考关系词。
此处句法不一致主要指主谓不一致,指的是主语是复数形式,而谓语动词却用了单数形式,或者主语是单数形式,谓语动词却用了复数形式。
(NMET重庆卷)…he will say some words that is nice and
warm.
(NMET I) What were better,I had useful
help.
短文改错对从句的考查主要是定语从句关系词的误用及名词性从句中连接词的误用及缺失。
(NMETI) So if they had said was true,I would have a chance of
winning.
(NMET重庆卷)Here is my ider about how a friend is
like.
(NMET陕西卷)It turned out to be her own cup,that she’d left on the
shelf by mistake.
_____
短文改错应注意的问题
四不改: ①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改。(不是不改,而是按错词或少词来改)。④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词,在句中不可能用错。
1.动词:
(1)主要考察能力:时态、主谓是否一致、固定搭配。
(2)出题形式:
①时态混用
ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.
讲解:很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式,因此应把can改为could。
②主谓不一致
ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
讲解:原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数,所以应该把were改为was。
③固定搭配
ie, I have given up smoke. The dog doesn’t like the smell.
讲解:give up doing sth。因此动词smoke应该改为smoking。
2.名词:
(1)主要考察能力:单复数混用。
(2)出题形式:
单复数混用
ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
讲解:“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式,应此应该把year改为years。
注意:代词单复数混用类似。
ie, As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.
讲解:显然因该把them改为it,指代前面提及的friendship。此句话意思是“就友谊来说,我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。”
3.形容词/副词
(1)主要考察能力:两者之间是否混用。
(2)出题形式:
形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词,该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。
①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中
ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
讲解:很明显“与平时相比较更忙”,因此需要把usually改为usual。
②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中
ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”
讲解:原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时,她开始兴奋地叫道-----,显然应把excited改为excitedly,用来修饰动词cheer。
4.介词
(1)主要考察能力:(特别是与动词的)固定搭配。
(2)出题形式:
①介词省略
ie, I’m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
讲解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思为“摆脱,除去”
②介词多余
ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
讲解:这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子,而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。
③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)
ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”
讲解:pick out应该为pick up。pick out挑选的意思;pick up捡起的意思。
5.连词
(1)主要考察能力:前后两句话之间的衔接关系。常考三种关系:but转折and并列because原因
①ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.
讲解:显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”,所以应该把but改为because/as/for。
②ie, Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.
讲解:原文表达的意思是“通过网上聊天,学生能够更加轻松自由地表达自己的想法和观点,并且如果他们同外国人交谈,能够提高他们的英语水平。”所以前后句之间是并列关系,因该把but改为and.
6.句式(1)主要考察能力:常考that与what或which/how与what之间的转换。(2)出题形式:
①ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do.
讲解:原文意思是“她没有足够多的时间来做自己想做的事情”,很明显应该把that改为what。
注意:这一形式是改错常考点。
②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.
讲解:原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子,这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语,所以应该把which改为what。
7. 冠词
(1)主要考察能力:句中冠词是否多余(2)出题形式:
①冠词多余
ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o’clock, when the game just began.
讲解:区分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解决这个问题记住一句顺口溜就可以了“有the是内无the是外”,即in the front of sth显然是指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面,比如说I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽车的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空间的前面,比如说the car stops in front of the house(汽车停在房前)。因此原文中应该把the去掉。
②冠词遗漏
ie, As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.
讲解:at an ---- age固定搭配词组,表示“出于---年龄”,比如说at an early/tender age,可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候”
8.代词
(1)主要考察能力:代词是否多余,以及与反身代词之间的混用。(2)出题形式:
①代词多余
ie, Don’t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I’m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.
讲解:lose heart:become discouraged泄气;丧失勇气;而lose one’s heart(to sb/st):fall in love爱上;钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差,离题千里。
②代词混用
ie, We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.
讲解: 原文意思是说“我们生活在一个大家庭之中,彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。如果我们之中谁有困难,其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难。”所以应把them改为us;把other改为others。
注意:the other表示两者之中“另一个”; the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。如图所示:
③代词遗漏
ie, A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.
讲解: 应该在classes前加his,表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。
短文改错“十大”命题热点
- 冠词的使用
高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。冠词是英语特有的,汉语中没有与之相对应的词,因此中国学生对它的用法感到难以掌握。短文改错中冠词考查多是其基本用法,如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词;单数可数名词前少冠词;不定冠词a/an与定冠词the的错误使用;固定搭配中的冠词错误等。
例1
分析
例2
分析 当泛指某一名词单数时,其前须加不定冠词。答案 boy前加a
- 名词数格汉语中的名词在形式伤没有复数变化,而是通过在其前加数词来表示。英语则不同,除了在名词前加数词外,如果是可数名词,还需将该名词变为复数形式。
例3
分析
- 一致关系短文改错中所涉及的一致关系主要包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词的单、复数要与句子主语保持一致;时态一致是指动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致;代词指代一致是指代词所指代的内容要与该先行词在性与数方面保持一致,要与其自身的指代在意义上一致。
例4
分析
- 非谓语动词本考点主要考查动词不定式符号to的多余与遗漏;to是介词还是不定式符号得辨认;动名词做主语和介词宾语形式的确认;现在分词与过去分词的区别。
例5
分析
例6
分析
例7
分析
- 平行结构在表达相互平行的概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,即借助于并列连词and,or,but等词,同类词相配,动词的同种形式相配。
例8
分析
- 连接手段短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段。连词使用不当会造成上下句不衔接。英语中的词与词,句与句之间必须使用并列或从属连词;若为并列句,要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步,从而选择恰当的连词;若为复合句,首先判断属于何种从句,然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多于的现象,要注意句子结构的完整性。
例9
分析
- 删除冗言本类型主要考查程度副词或频率副词,如much,more,often等的多于,介词的多余,词义的重复,句子结构中多于的词以及由于受汉语的影响,多用了某些词语等。
例10
分析
答案
- 词性分辨根据此在句中的位置及与其词的修饰与被修饰的关系判断词的正确使用形式,词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用与之相适应的词性。
例11
分析
例12
分析
答案
- 行文逻辑
短文改错中的行文逻辑错误是最为难改的一种错误。因为要识别和改出某种错误,考生必须认真细读全文,在理解短文中心思想,掌握全文逻辑发展顺序的基础上,才能做出正确判断。
例13
分析
答案
例14
分析
答案
- 词语打配
本类型主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配;副词与动词的固定搭配,及动词后多加介词或副词以及不及物动词后缺少介词;英语中的一些固定句型以及习惯搭配等。
例14
分析
答案
解题步骤:浏览全文,掌握大意;分句阅读,逐行找错;检查核对,攻克难点。
At Christmas
Eve, Jim went with
his
father to choose
a Christmas tree. They choose
a big one. It was almost as taller as the
room!
They put them in
the corner of the
sitting
room. Kate was covered it with a lot of
Christmas light. The sitting room
looked
really beautifully at the moment. There was
a fire burning in the fire place, but the
Christmas
tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his
parentssinging and dancing
happily.
Exercise 1
It is Sunday today. I have been studying all day long. On 1. In
the morning, I haddry breakfast. We had no water to2.
a_
drink because the water supply had cut off. The water had3.
been
come back in the evening. I did maths then. I didn’t stop
after 4.
until
12 o’clock. After a short lunch I had the break. Then I went to5.
a休息一会儿
my Sunday English class.
After a long and tired class for more than two
hours, I got 6. _tiring
to home. Some work had been done but some hadn’t. I must 7.
删去to
review all my subject such as the Sciences and the Humanities, 8.
subjects可数
which include Chinese, English, Politics and History as 9.
_______
well. That’s terribly! Especially when there was no water. 10.
terrible系动词后要用形容词
2 三餐前不加任何冠词, 但当三餐前有形容词修饰时, 则必须在形容词前加不定冠词。如:We usually have
breakfast at eight. I have a wonderful breakfast this
morning.
Exercise 2
Dear students,
The Students’ Union was going to hold an English
Speech 1. is
contest in the evening of December 30. The purpose 2. on具体某一天的晚上
is increase the students’ interest in learning English and 3.
is后加to
improve their spoken English. Which is going to be held in4.
It
the school main hall and will begins at 7:30. And the 5.
begin
best five students of this English contest will be given6.
_______
prizes. Someone in
Grade Three will be 7. Everyone
welcome to take part in it. Those would like to take part 8.
_______
in this contest should go to the office of the Students’9.
_______
Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10.
______
English Speech.
Welcome to this great fun!
7. everyone侧重整体, 指“每个人”; someone侧重个体, 意为“某个人”。
8. Those后加who。此处用who引导定语从句。
9. go改为come。根据文章第一句话可知, 此通知发出者是the Students’ Union。
10. 删去it。此句中已有宾语your names, 不需用it。
Listening to foreign broadcast easier 1. _______
if we know something about. There are clues 2. _______
that can help us. One clue is the time of 3.正确___
day. Morning programs usually contains many 4. _ contain
short items of news, informations, etc. The 5.
information为不可数名词
items are short because of most of us are 6. _______
getting ready to going to work in the 7. _______
morning. Often we do not have time listen 8. _______
to long programs. There are time for more 9. _______
details about the subjects discuss in evening programs.10.
______
答案及解析
1. easier前加is。此处应构成“主语+系动词+表语”句型。
2. about后加it。about是介词, 后面应接名词、 代词、 动名词作宾语。
6. 删去because后面的of。because后接一个句子; because of后面接名词、 代词、 动名词。
7. going改为go。be ready to do sth.为固定短语, 意为“准备做某事”。
8. listen前为to。have time to do sth.意为“有时间做某事”。
9. are改为is。主谓一致错误。主语time为不可数名词, 谓语应用单数形式。
10.
discuss改为discussed。非谓语动词错误。此处动词discuss与其逻辑主语subjects应为被动关系,故用discussed作定语。
NMET 1997
Dear Bob,
Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher, 1 learnt或learned.
Miss Fang. I’d like to your penfriend, and get to 2. to 后加 be 或 become。
know more about your country.
First, let me tell you something more about myself.3. 删去more
My name is Li Hua. I live in Beijing, where is the 4. which非限定性定语从句关系词在从句中作主语
capital of China. I go to Hongqi Middle School. We5.
study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, 6. subjects quits a few “相当多修饰可数名词复数
English and physics. I use to play ping-pong a lot7. _ used
in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.8. _ interested be interested in…为固定短语
Do you play any ball games? Whatyour favorite9. __ is
sport? I look forward to hear from you soon.
10.
Yours,
Li Hua
1
A
We’ll never forget a day when my classmates
and
I paid a visit a chemistry factory.
It
was a large one with nearly 20, 000 workers. It
looks
like a garden and we saw colorful flowers, grass and
trees
there. We also visited some workshop and found
workers
working hard. We talked to them and learned a lot of.
We
understood them further. On the way home we felt very
tiring,
but we both thought we had a very good
day.
We really hoped what we could get more
chances
of leaving the school and learn about
society.
B
The children next door often play the football
in
the garden after my house and sometimes break
my
windows. Last Saturday afternoon I stay at home
and