2017年江苏卷（英语）中文章的可能来源

第二部分 英语知识运用

第二节：完形填空

For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to

素材选自书籍The Element第329-332页

素材出现网址：

http://www.academia.edu/4767170/The_Element_-_Ken_Robinson（Chapter Ten For Love or Money）

其他网址：

http://publicism.info/psychology/element/11.html

 

第三部分 阅读理解

A

Chronologica

素材选自书籍Chronologica简介

素材出现网址：

https://www.amazon.com/Chronologica-Incredible-Defined-History-Whitakers-ebook/dp/B01J4DRP7O

或其他任意有关该书的介绍

 

B

Before birth, babies can tell the difference

素材出现网址：

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mother-birds-may-teach-their-chicks-to-sing-before-they-hatch/

 

C

A new commodity brings about

素材出现网址：

https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21721656-data-economy-demands-new-approach-antitrust-rules-worlds-most-valuable-resource

 

D

While clean energy is increasingly used

素材选自书籍Atmosphere of Hope: Searching for Solutions to the Climate Crisis

相关内容预览网址：

https://books.google.com/books?id=DUtkCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT125&lpg=PT125&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

第四部分 任务型阅读

Why is the world’s population growing?

素材出现网址：

https://nowandnext.com/issue27/society-culture/（Demographic realities部分）

完形填空原题及答案：

For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, __36__ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, __37__ at school for practice hours __38__ anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to__39__music, as he hated getting to school extra early.

__40___, one day, in the music class that was __41__ of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly（随意地） on the piano and found it ____42___ to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually __43__ doing it. He tried to hide his __44__ pleasure from the music teacher, who had __45__ over to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, __46__ the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good___47__ and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there __48__ him. There he decided to give the cello（大提琴） a __49__. When he began practicing, he took it very __50__. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was __51__ to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. 

  This __52__, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, __53__ his heavy instrument case across the campus to the __54__ looks of the non-musicians he had left__55__.

36. A. travelling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling

37. A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up

38. A. before B. after C. until D. since

39. A. betray B. accept C. avoid D. appreciate

40. A. Therefore B. However C. Thus D. Moreover

41. A. part B. nature C. basis D. spirit

42. A. complicate B. safe C. confusing D. easy

43. A. missed B. disliked C. enjoyed D. denied

44. A. transparent B. obvious C. false D. similar

45. A. run B. jogged C. jumped D. wandered

46. A. because B. but C. though D. so

47. A. ear B. taste C. heart D. voice

48. A. occurred to B. took to C. appealed to D. held to

49. A. change B. chance C. mission D. function

50. A. seriously B. proudly C. casually D. naturally

51. A. committed B. used C. limited D. admitted

52. A. proved B. showed C. stressed D. meant

53. A. pushing B. dragging C. lifting D. rushing

54. A. admiring B. pitying C. annoying D. teasing

55. A. over B. aside C. behind D. out

36-40 DDACB

41-45 ADCBD

46-50 AACBC

51-55 ADBBC

解题思路：结合整篇文章语境、上下句语境、同句上下文语境来做题，看备选项之前可以先试着结合相关语境能否猜出填什么内容。

36. 结合语境和备选项，什么样的场景才会让人look pityingly at？struggling，艰难行进。

37. 猜测填“arriving到达”，备选项中没有。turn up at school就是后面的be there，到达，出现, 同义转换。

38. 猜测填“before早于”。下一句的extra early说明音乐生要比别人早，用before。

39. 对待自己hated事情就是尽量避免avoid。

40. 猜测填however。开始讲转变了，要用However进行转折。

41. 猜测填“required要求的”，备选项中没有。学校课程要求的， part学校课程的一部分，最接近猜测。

拓展：part虽然是个可数名词，但表示“……的一部分”，不定冠词a是往往被省略的。如果不幸纠结可数名词单数前需要有a，那就会做错了。其实完形填空不会设置语法上错误的选项的。

42. 猜测填“easy容易的”。主人公音乐方面是大有潜力的，识音（pick out tones）很容易。

43. 猜测填“enjoyed喜欢”。下文的pleasure说明他很享受，enjoy就是get pleasure from。

44. 显而易见的乐趣，用obvious，transparent（透明、易识破、易理解）与pleasure语义上不搭配，如果是形近词apparent就可以了。

45. 猜测填“come来”，备选项中没有。音乐老师不是体育老师，不会跑、慢跑、跳，而是溜达。

46. might not have done是一种推测，后面用because表示这么推测的原因。

拓展：might not have done this particularly well中的this指的究竟是什么？是演奏音乐吗？不是（演奏音乐已经是好几句前的内容了）。要看上一句主人公做了什么：he tried to hide …。所以这里说的是他掩饰得不是很好（带有一点幽默），还是被老师看出来了。不能脱离上下句主观臆测this所指内容。

47. have an ear意思是to have the ability to learn music or languages，学习、欣赏音乐的能力强，比taste（鉴赏力）好。

48. 猜测填“suited适合”，备选项中没有。appeal to吸引，也就是符合他的口味。

49. 猜测填“try尝试”，备选项中没有。give something a chance，尝试。

拓展：give something a try / chance / go / shot都是一个意思，试一下。

50. 后面的but表明这两句又形成对比了。后面是发现自己love音乐，之前是玩票，随便（casually）一练。

51. 之前是玩票性质的，后来形成对比，就投入了（be committed to）。后面so后面的结果也推出主人公确实致力于练习了。

52. meant，意味着（to make something necessary, or to make it happen），爱上音乐意味着开启了“悲催”音乐生生涯。

53. 笨重的乐器箱子得拖着（dragging）走，与第一段的struggling互相照应。

54. 猜测填“pitying同情的”。首尾两段形成鲜明对比，主人公成了当初自己所同情的对象。Gabriel之前是look pityingly at别人，现在是to the pitying looks of别人，词形变化。

55. 主人公艰难前行，身后（left behind）留下非音乐生同情的眼神。

素材（横线部分为设题处，斜线为删除部分） 

GABRIEL TROP is an accomplished academic scholar. When I met him, he was at Berkeley studying for a Ph.D. in German literature. This work means a great deal to him, but it is not the only thing about which he is passionate. He also has an overwhelming attraction to music. “If I were to lose the use of my hands,” he said to me, “my life would be over.”

 

Yet Gabriel has never entertained the thought of becoming a professional musician. In fact, for a long time he didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students, __struggling__ across the campus with their bulky instrument cases, __turning up__ at school for rehearsals hours __before__ anyone else had to be there. That wasn’t a life for him, especially the part about getting to school extra early. He vowed secretly to __avoid__ music.

 

__However__, one day, in the music class that was __part__ of his school’s standard curriculum, he was tinkling idly on the piano and realized that he found it __easy__ to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized too that he actually __enjoyed__ doing it. He tried to disguise his __obvious__ pleasure from the music teacher, who had __wandered__ over to listen. He must not have done this particularly well, __because__ the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good __ear__ and suggested that Gabriel go into the music storeroom to see if any of the instruments there __appealed to__ him.

 

A friend of Gabriel’s played the cello, and for this reason and no other, Gabriel decided to try out one of those in the storeroom. He found that he loved the shape and size of the instrument and the deep, sonorous noise it made when he plucked the strings. One cello in particular, had “a wonderful smell of middle school varnish.” He decided to break his vow and to give the cello a __chance__. When he began practicing, he took it very __casually__. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and that he was spending more and more time doing so.

 

From there, Gabriel practiced so often and with such intensity that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. Within a year, he was the principal cellist in the school orchestra. This __meant__, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, __dragging__ his bulky instrument case across the campus to the __pitying__ looks of the nonmusicians he had __left behind__.

 

Gabriel also loves literature, the German language, and academic work. At some point, he had to make a hard decision between music and academics as his primary focus in life. After a long internal struggle, he chose German literature because he felt that doing so would allow him to continue to spend time as a cellist, while if he dedicated himself to a profession in music, the time required to do so would have made it nearly impossible for him to explore German poetry in depth. “I chose literature because it seemed to me compatible with an intensity of music playing, and if I were to be a professional musician, my attachment to literature would have been disproportionately sidetracked. So this arrangement was really the one I could find where I could remain a dedicated cellist and sustain a high degree of involvement with literary language.”

 

 

高考文章改动之处分析

高考文章与英语原文相关部分相似度为86%（删除的句子或段落不包含在内）。部分改动类别说明如下：

1. 除了删除段落之外，出于篇幅考虑，还删除部分句子。

A friend of Gabriel’s played the cello, and for this reason and no other, Gabriel decided to try out one of those in the storeroom. He found that he loved the shape and size of the instrument and the deep, sonorous noise it made when he plucked the strings. One cello in particular, had “a wonderful smell of middle school varnish.”

2. 将生词/难词改成熟词：

bulky – heavy; rehearsal – practice; vowed – swore; disguise – hide;

3. 修改疑似错误

must not have done – might not have done

语法课上经常讲表示否定猜测不能用must not，但其实must not表示否定猜测也挺常用。R. Quirk在Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language中就举例：His absence must not have been noticed，小说The Da Vinci Code中也有My cellular phone must not have been receiving的句子（引自赵振才所编《英语常见问题大辞典》）。

4. 出于设题需要，修改句子：

practiced so often and with such intensity – was committed to practicing it

不过was committed to后面接practicing（练习），似乎有点大词小用。

 

篇章语义学习：

文章讲述了主人公从逃避音乐到喜欢音乐的经历，前后发生巨大反差。从篇章角度分析，话题场景是音乐，文章会有很多与音乐相关的词汇；重点内容是反差，文章会有很多相反意义的词汇成对出现。

音乐相关词汇：

music / music student / instrument cases/ rehearsals / music class / piano / pick out tunes / music teacher / listen / had a good ear / music storeroom / instruments / cello / practicing / playing this instrument / playing reasonably well / nonmusicians

否定意义词汇：didn’t want to be involved in music / that wasn’t a life for him /hated / avoid / idly / with a sinking heart / hide / casually

肯定意义词汇：enjoyed / obvious pleasure / appeal to / committed to / loved