由疑问词引导的名词性从句

由疑问词引导的名词性从句多作主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句， 偶尔也作同位语从句。在作这些从句时，其句型结构应该采用以下两种：

1．  疑问词+主语+谓语动词+其他

2．  本身是主语的疑问词+谓语动词+其他

不管采用哪种句型，其词序总是陈述的， 即主语必须位于谓语动词前面。

What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.（主语从句）

This reminded me of what he had once told us. （宾语从句）

The problem is whether robots will be smarter than humans.（表语从句）

Scientists have not found answers to the question why there is no life on Mars.（同位语从句）

名词性从句注意要点：

一．引导词what与that的用法区别。

引导从句时，what要充当主语、宾语、或表语等成分，that不作任何成分， 只在语法上起连接的作用，比如：

What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.

That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present.

The problem is what we should do to protect the earth.

The fact is that we should do something to protect the earth.

比较上面两组句子，不难发现，what在句中不仅引导从句， 同时他本身在从句还充当了宾语的作用；没有what，从句结构就不完整；而that只起引导从句的作用， 本身在从句中不充当任何成分，引导的是一个结构相对完整的陈述句。

1.       _____ we can’t get seems better than ______ we have.

A. What; what        B. What; that        C. That; that D. That; what

2.       ______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What   B. That    C. How   D. Where

二．引导词whether与if的用法区别。

通常引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，要用连接词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if or not; 宾语从句后面既可以用whether也可用if，但介词后的宾语从句只用whether； 如若从句为省略的不定式结构也只用whether。

3．_______ you don’t like him is none of my business.

A. What   B. Who   C. That   D. Whether

三．名词性从句的语序。

与别的从句一样， 名词性从句必须用陈述的语序， 即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装

4．You can’t imagine _____ when then received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited               b. how excited they were

C. how excited were they         D. they were how excited

四．形式主语和宾语。

当主语从句比较长， 而位于比较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。形式宾语也一样。

5．______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There        B. This       C. That             D. It

五．Who/ whoever/ what /whatever等的用法区别。

一般说来，Who/ what等含有特指的含义，而whoever/whatever等含泛指的意义，意为“无论谁/无论什么”。另外，以-ever结尾的词引导的名词性从句相当于带有定语从句的名词词组：whoever=anyone who     whatever=anything that     whichever=any… that…

例如：Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.

=Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.

Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.

=Any one of you comes in first will receive a prize.

You can just say whatever comes to your mind.

= You can just say anything that comes to your mind.

6．It is generally considered unwise to give a child______ he or she wants.

A. however         B. whatever  C. whichever        D. whenever

7．______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. Who   B. The one C. Anyone        D. Whoever

六Where, when，why等连接副词引导的名词性从句

这些词引导的名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。

8．--- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

--- Is that ______ you had a few days off?

A. why    B. when  C. that     D. where

七．“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句“与介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别。

介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语

9．It was a matter of _____ would take the position.

A. who  B whoever   C. whom         D. whomever

比较：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.

八．名词性从句有插入成分时。

此时注意两点： 一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入的成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。

10．_____ you have seen both fighters, _____ will win?

A. Since; do you think who         B. As; who you think

C. When; whoever                  D. Since; who do you think

九．引导词that的省略。

引导宾语从句时，通常可以省略that，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that一般不能省。如有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，只可省略第一个that，其它的that不可省。

11. China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research..

A. what    B. which C. /        D. it that

十． 名词性从句中的虚拟语气的使用。

表示“建议、要求或命令”等词义出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语用(should)+动词原形，其中should 可省略。常用词有insist， suggest ，order， demand require等。例如：

He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.

It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.

His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.

He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately.

I.Multiple choice:

1. Nobody knew______.
   A. where he comes 　B. where he was from  

C. where he is from 　D. where does he come from                                 2.It doesn’t matter ______ I rest or not.
   A. whether 　 B. if 　   C. that 　    D. when                             3._____there are no living things on the moon is known to us.
   A. How 　    B. Why 　 C. Whether 　D. That                          4.______picks up the wallet and hands it in will be praised by the teacher.
  A. Whoever    B. Who    C. That who   D. Who that                                    5. Everyone agrees to his suggestion ______a bridge ______built across the river.
  A. that; will be 　     B. which; would be 　        C. as; should be 　    D. that; be       6.His suggestion _____ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.
　A. that we go         B. which we should go  C. that we would go          D. when we should go                                7._____ they will have a good harvest this year is still unknown.                          

A. Whether            B. If               C. Which               D. That

8. The news ______ to Mount Tai during the summer holidays delighted all of us.           

A. we would go        B. which we would go     C. that we would go        D. would go  

9.____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.                A. No matter what   B. No matter which   C Whatever   D. whichever

10. He didn’t come yesterday. That is ______ he was ill.                                 A. because         B. why               C. how                   D. when

11. I don’t know __________ .                                                     A. what was the matter outside       B. what the matter outside was                         C. what was outside the matter       D. what was happened outside

12.Word(消息) came ____ the Prime Minister was to inspect our school. A .when     B .which     C . that     D . what

13. When and where we’ll hold the meeting ____ not decided yet .         

  A. has      B. is        C. have     D. are

14.________ Asia is connected with Europe.                                        A .It is known to all             B .It knows to all where                                  C .That is known to all that    D .It is known to all that

15. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_______.                                A. who is he    B. who he is    C. who is it    D. who it is

16.We cannot figure out_______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.                                                                                 A. that             B. as                    C. why                D. when

17._________ made the school proud was __________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.                                                     A. What; because         B. What; that           C. That; what                    D. That; because

18.   ____ I want to know is ____ it is worth doing.

A. What; that        B. What; whether  C. That; why          D. That; what

19.   ____ visits the Great Wall will be struck by it.

A. Anyone        B. Each         C. Whoever            D. Everybody             20.   ____ the workers insisted on was that they ____ more pay.

A. That; must be given                    B. What; should give

C. Whether; would be given                D. What; be given                      21.   She asked ____.

A.       what I was doing when she rang me up      B.what was I doing when she rang me up

C.       when she rang me up what was I doing      D.    when did she ring me up what I was doing                                       22.   Writing stories and articles ____ I enjoy most.

A. is that         B. are that    C. is what            D. have been what        

23.He asked the tailor ____.

A.       how long would the coat be ready       B.    how soon would the coat be ready

C.       how long the coat would be ready       D.how soon the coat would be ready                                              24.   --- ____ you did?

--- No, as a matter of fact I didn’t need to.

A. Is that what    B. Is what that         C. What is that          D. Is that which                               25.   She is pleased with ____ you have given her and all ____ you have told.

A. that; that      B. what; which     C. what; that               D. all; what                                   26.   ____ I wanted to say.

A. Such was what     B. What was such  C. Such was that      D. That was such                              27.   They have no idea at all ____.

A. where he has gone                 B. where did he go

C. which place he has gone            D. where he has gone by                        28.   No word came ____ he joined them in playing football.

A. that         B. whether     C. which            D. what                   

29.   ____ is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.

A. The only thing what I regret           B. What I regret most

C. All what I really regret most          D. What that I regret most                

30.   ____ a good thing that they didn’t catch you.

A. That’s        B. It’s            C. There’s                D.What’s                 31.____ surprised me most ____ to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the

end of the room.                                                                                                                                                A. What; was      B. What; were    C. That; was       D. That; were

32.   He asked me ____ I was sure my mother ____.

A. if; will come                        B. if; would come

C. that; will come                      D. that; would come

33.   This is ____ the question lies.

A. what           B. that            C. where             D. how

34.   He stood there quite still, ____ his lips moved slightly.

A. except for        B. except C. except that          D. except what

35.   The fact ____ she had not said anything ____ all of us.

A. what; surprised                      B. what; was surprised

C. that; surprised                       D. that; was surprised

36.   Which sentence is wrong?

A. She said, “What a lovely day it was!”    B. She said what a lovely day it was.

C. She said what was a lovely day.     D. She said it was a lovely day.

37.   I have no doubt ____ we shall be able to do something for you.

A. whether        B. if        C. that                D. what

38.   We must do ____ the party ____ us.

A. as; tell        B. as; tells    C. what; tell         D. what; tells

39.   It was natural that my pictures ____ them.

A. surprised       B. would surprise   C. should surprise    D. would have surprised

40.   I don’t understand ____ believe me.

A. why you not       B. why do you not    C. why don’t you      D. why you don’t

41.   Air, or ____ is called the atmosphere, surrounds the whole world.

A. it          B. which      C. what         D. that

42.   We all know the truth __ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.

A. where         B. wherever      C. that       D. that wherever

43.   ____ still needs to be discussed.

A. How is the plan to be carried out    B. How the plan is to be carried out

C. Why is the plan carried out           D. Why the plan carried out

44.   Lanzhou is no longer ____.

A. what it used to be   B. what it used to like   C. like it used to be    D. what it used to

45.   Do ____ you think is right, ____ difficulties you may have.

A. what; however     B. that; whatever    C. whatever; whoever     D. what; whatever